2,970 research outputs found
Aplysina muricyana Pinheiro, Hajdu & Custódio, 2007, sp.n.
No full textAplysina muricyana sp.n. (Fig. 16 D, 17 C–F, 20, Tab. X) Aplysina sp. sensu Neves & Omena (2003) Holotype: MNRJ 6196, Laguna (Reserva Biológica do Atol das Rocas, RN) E. Hajdu, M.V. Oliveira and U. Pinheiro coll., 25 /VIII/ 2002. Paratypes: Reserva Biológica do Atol das Rocas (RN) - MNRJ 2139, Salão (ca. 03º 52 ' 52 '' S – 33 º 48 ' 51 '' W), 4 m depth, G. Muricy coll., 28 /II/ 1999. MNRJ 2168, Piscina do Barretão, 3 m depth, F. Moraes coll., 01/ III/ 1999. MNRJ 2173, Fenda (03º 51 ' 18.6 '' S – 33 º 47 ' 52.1 '' W), G. Muricy coll., 02/III/ 1999. MNRJ 6195, Laguna, E. Hajdu, M.V. Oliveira and U. Pinheiro coll., 21 /VIII/ 2002. MNRJ 6197, E. Hajdu, M.V. Oliveira and U. Pinheiro coll., 24 /VIII/ 2002. MNRJ 6198, Laguna, E. Hajdu, M.V. Oliveira and U. Pinheiro coll., 21 / VIII/ 2002. MNRJ 6199, Salão, E. Hajdu, M.V. Oliveira and U. Pinheiro coll., 30 /VIII/ 2002. MNRJ 6200– 6202, Fenda (03º 51 ' 20.1 '' S – 33 º 47 ' 50.2 '' W), E. Hajdu, M.V. Oliveira and U. Pinheiro coll., 25 /VIII/ 2002, voucher. MNRJ 6203–6204, Piscina das Rocas, E. Hajdu, M.V. Oliveira and U. Pinheiro coll., 24 /VIII/ 2002. MNRJ 6205, Laguna, E. Hajdu, M.V. Oliveira and U. Pinheiro coll., 25 /VIII/ 2002. MNRJ 6301, Piscina das Rocas, E. Hajdu, M.V. Oliveira and U. Pinheiro coll., 24 /VIII/ 2002. MNRJ 6364, Fenda (03º 51 ' 20.1 '' S – 33 º 47 ' 50.2 '' W), E. Hajdu, M.V. Oliveira and U. Pinheiro coll., 27 /VIII/ 2002. MNRJ 6663, Piscina das Âncoras (03º 52 ' 31.5 '' S – 33 º 48 ' 20.8 '' W), E. Hajdu, M.V. Oliveira and U. Pinheiro coll., 31 /VIII/ 2002. Additional material: Reserva Biológica do Atol das Rocas (RN) - MNRJ 4493, 4494, Salão (ca. 03º 52 ' 52 '' S – 33 º 48 ' 51 '' W), G. Neves coll., XI/ 1999. MNRJ 4502, Fenda, G. Neves coll., XI/ 1999. Diagnosis: Irregular polygonal tubes, laterally anastomosed, predominantly beige in vivo. Colour ranging from bright pale-yellow to dark reddish-brown. Description of the species: Specimens are composed of laterally anastomosed tubes with an irregular polygonal outline, in creeping groups of up to 45 tubes, with clusters having a maximum of 36 cm in length and 3 cm in width. The polygonal outline results from discrete edges extending upwards from the base of the sponge on its free sides (Figs. 17 C–F, 20 A–B). Some short tubes are projected from the base in varied directions. The surface is finely conulose. The sponge possesses large pseudoscula, frequently apical or pseudo-apical (eccentric), varying from 0.5 cm to 1 cm in diameter, small oscula on the tubes’ outer sides being also visible. In specimen MNRJ 2139, oscula have an iris-type diaphragm. The predominant colour in vivo is beige, specimens with green, brown, brownish-beige and red tinges being also common. After preservation in ethanol specimens vary from beige to brown. Consistency is soft. Skeleton: Choanosome with a delicate and irregular network of spongin fibers (Figs. 20 C–D) with amber colour bark 38–126 Μm thick (average 72 Μm) and a thick pith that can be black or amber 8 to 50 Μm (average 29 Μm; Fig. 20 E). The presence of spongin fibers wrapped and excavated by filamentous structures, possibly fungi, was observed in some specimens as in Aplysina pseudolacunosa sp.n. TABLE X: Spongin fibres’ measurement data for Aplysina muricyana sp.n. (in micrometers; S.D. = Standard Deviation and N= 30). Specimens Locality* Fibers Piths Thinnest Mean Thickest S.D. Thin- Mean Thickest S.D. nest Holotype Atol das Rocas, RN 51.3 75.2 117.3 12.3 11.3 17.4 27.6 3.4 MNRJ 6196 Paratype Atol das Rocas, RN 50.0 84.2 126.3 18.6 12.5 16.4 22.5 3.0 MNRJ 2139 Paratype Atol das Rocas, RN 52.5 73.8 91.3 9.0 12.5 19.3 28.8 3.8 MNRJ 2168 Paratype Atol das Rocas, RN 41.3 74.5 105.0 16.7 10.0 14.9 28.8 4.1 MNRJ 2173 MNRJ 4493 Atol das Rocas, RN 42.5 65.3 83.8 9.8 12.5 18.2 25.0 4.2 Distribution: Provisionally known only from the type locality, Atol das Rocas (RN, Brazil; Fig. 16 D). Ecology: All specimens were collected in shallow-waters at Atol das Rocas, inside large crevices, and the species is thus considered to be sciaphilous. Inside the atoll, depth of occurrence was limited to 5 m, but outside the atoll ring, specimens were seen down to 15 m. Specimens in darker areas were completely beige, and those more exposed to light, more intensely pigmented with darker colours, as a likely consequence of association with cyanobacteria. Etymology: The name of the species honours Dr. Guilherme Muricy, for his pioneering studies on the taxonomy of Atol das Rocas sponges, who also collected many of the specimens studied here. Remarks: The species which appear closest to A. muricyana sp.n are A. insularis and A. pseudolacunosa sp.n. described below. Another similar species is A. fistularis, which presents tubes of distinct morphology, never forming the large, frequently creeping clusters so frequently observed in the new species. Tubes in A. fistularis, albeit varied as regards length, as well as number and size of projections, were never seen to have a polygonal cross section. The possibility that A. muricyana sp.n. could be nothing but an ecomorph of a well established species appears quite unlikely, as dives performed on the outer ring of Atol das Rocas, down to 15m depth, failed to reveal any additional Aplysina species. Rather, the same A. muricyana sp.n. was present inside somewhat deeper crevices (10–15 m depth). Another species which also presents anastomosed tubes is A. insularis. However, A. insularis has soft and stout tubes, with yellow or brown colour in vivo turning black after preservation. In contrast, A. muricyana sp.n. has hard, much less stouter polygonal tubes, with variable colour in vivo and brown or beige colour after preservation. Comparison with A. pseudolacunosa sp.n. will be provided below.Published as part of Pinheiro, Ulisses Dos S., Hajdu, Eduardo & Custódio, Márcio R., 2007, Aplysina Nardo (Porifera, Verongida, Aplysinidae) from the Brazilian coast with description of eight new species, pp. 1-51 in Zootaxa 1609 on pages 36-39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17887
Dragmaxia anomala Carvalho & Hajdu 2004, sp.n.
No full textDragmaxia anomala sp.n. (Fig. 2A–F; Tab. I) Holotype. Ilhabela: MNRJ 122, Saco da Serraria (23º48.344’S – 45º14.401’W), Ilhabela, São Sebastião, São Paulo State, 13m depth, col. E. Hajdu, 11/i/1996. Paratypes. Ilhabela: MNRJ 124, Saco da Serraria, Ilhabela, São Sebastião, São Paulo State, 13m depth, col. E. Hajdu, 11/i/1996; MNRJ 500, Codo Islet (23º55.206’S – 45º17.936’W), Saco das Anchovas, Ilhabela, São Sebastião, São Paulo State, 15–17m, col. E. Hajdu, 22/vi/1997; MNRJ 788, Ilha da Serraria (23º48.758’S – 45º13.812’W), Ilhabela, São Sebastião, São Paulo State, 20m, col. E. Hajdu, 11/i/1996. Diagnosis. Dragmaxia anomala sp.n. is set apart from the other species of the genus by its encrusting shape with digitated projections and its yellowishorange colour alive. Megascleres are a single category of styles and subtylostyles. Raphides ornamented are absent. Description. Encrusting with digitated projections, up to 2cm high, compressible with an hispid surface (Fig. 2A). The projections can be forked (Fig. 2B). Colour alive is yellow to yellowishorange, the surface can be white, and specimens become whitish in alcohol. Skeleton. No specialized ectosomal skeleton. Choanosomal skeleton plumose (Fig. 2C) with spicular axes ascending to the surface, usually dendritically. Figure 2C shows a vestige of axial condensation. Spicules (Fig. 2D–F; Tab. I). Megascleres are styles slightly curved with 180–730µm in length and 7–20µm thick. (Subtylo)styles slightly curved, nearly straight, with 140– 470µm in length and 10–20µm thick. Microscleres are rare smooth raphides with 72–384 µm in length. Distribution and ecology. Known only from Ilhabela, São Sebastião, São Paulo State. The species is rare. The specimens were collected at 13–20m depth. MNRJ 500 was found on top or a large rock, semicovered by sediment. Etymology. The species is named after its seemingly uncommon characteristic of possessing raphides which are unornamented, a character so far judged decisive diagnostically. Remarks. An alternative identification for the new species would be in Monanchora Carter, 1883 (Crambeidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) due to the form of its megascleres, similar to those observed in this genus, which can also present a plumose skeleton (in encrusting forms). However, Monanchora has conspicuous spongin and functional specialization of its megascleres, two characters not observed in Dragmaxia anomala sp.n. Monanchora usually presents chelas or derived microscleres, but these can be rare (Van Soest et al. 1996). Only two species of Dragmaxia were known until now, D. variabilis (Whitelegge, 1907), from the east coast of Australia, and D. undata Alvarez et al., 1998, from Dutch Antilles and Colombia, Caribbean. Both possess ornamented raphides as microscleres, a morphologic trait not matched by the studied material. Dragmaxia anomala sp.n. is nevertheless considered to belong to the genus in view of its styles forming ascending, dendritic tracts (plumose choanosomal skeleton), a decision corroborated by Rob van Soest and Belinda Alvarez (in litt.). This pattern is similar to that seen in the type species, D. variabilis, despite less dense (Alvarez & Hooper 2002). The specimens´ shape recall the “irregular thin projections, sometimes dichotomously branched” reported by Alvarez et al. (1998). The occurrence of rare smooth raphides in the Brazilian material is considered unimportant here, and could be interpreted as a plesiomorphic trait retained in the new species.Published as part of Carvalho, Mariana De S. & Hajdu, Eduardo, 2004, Dragmaxia anomala sp. n. (Demospongiae: Halichondrida) from the southwestern Atlantic (Brazil), pp. 1-6 in Zootaxa 400 (1) on pages 3-6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.400.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/502775
Latrunculia (Latrunculia) ciruela Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faundez, Carvalho, Lobo-Hajdu and Willenz 2013, sp. nov.
No full textLatrunculia (L.) ciruela Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Carvalho, Lôbo-Hajdu and Willenz sp. nov. (Figs. 6A, 7A, 8A–R, 9A; Tab. 6) Latrunculia ciruela Hajdu & Willenz, 2009 (nomen nudum, in part) in Willenz et al. [2009: 143, in part-top left in situ photo, A–F SEM; non top right in situ photo, = L. (L.) copihuensis Willenz & Hajdu sp.nov] Latrunculia lendenfeldi Hentschel, 1914; sensu Desqueyroux, 1976: 100, in part (non sensu Hentschel, 1914: 44; = L. (L.) basalis Kirkpatrick, 1908) Type material. Holotype. IZUA-POR 145, Reñihué Fjord (42°33’08.46”S – 72°31’39.66”W, Chilean Patagonia), 20 m depth, coll. Ph. Willenz and E. Hajdu, 25 May 2007 —fragments from the holotype: MNRJ 10858 and RBINSc-IG 32235-POR 10858. Paratypes. MNRJ 9186, Bernardo Fjord (48º29’37.04’’S – 74º05’02’’W, Chilean Patagonia), 28 m depth, coll. V. Häussermann and G. Försterra, 27 March 2005 —fragments from the paratype in MHNG 82683 and RBINSc-IG 32274-POR 9186. MNRJ 10811, Reñihué Fjord (42°32’15.30”S – 72°38’06.66” W, Chilean Patagonia), 28 m depth, coll. Ph. Willenz and E. Hajdu, 23 May 2007 —fragments from the paratype in MHNG 64110 and RBINSc-IG 32235- POR 10811. MNRJ 10844, 10849, Reñihué Fjord (4232’ 46.26S – 7232’ 06.30 W, Chilean Patagonia), 29 m depth, coll. Ph. Willenz and E. Hajdu, 25 May 2007 —fragments from the paratype in MHNG 64111 (from 10844), and RBINSc-IG 32235- POR 10844 and 10849. MNRJ 10855, 10861, Reñihué Fjord (42°33’08.46”S – 72°31’39.66” W, Chilean Patagonia), 21–23 m depth, coll. Ph. Willenz and E. Hajdu, 25 May 2007 —fragments from the paratype (respectively) in RBINSc-IG 32235- POR 10855 and 10861. MNRJ 10921, Raul Marin, Pitipalena Fjord (PiPa 3, 43°45’53.22”S – 72°53’43.62” W, Chilean Patagonia), 19 m depth, coll. G. Försterra (sample 1478), 09 March 2007 —fragments from the paratype in MHNG 82684 and RBINSc-IG 32236- POR 10921. MNRJ 10951, Rio Pescado, Palvidad Fjord (43°03’55.62”S – 72°45’29.04” W), 21 m depth, coll. R. Melzer, 15 March 2007 —fragments from the paratype in MHNG 82685 and RBINSc-IG 32236– POR 10951. RBINSc-IG 32240- POR 12928, 12929, Reñihué Fjord (42°33’08.46”S – 72°31’39.66” W, Chilean Patagonia), 28 m depth, coll. Ph. Willenz and J. Biro, 07 Feb 2009 —fragments from the paratype (respectively) in MNRJ 12928 and 12929. Additional material (L. lendenfeldi sensu Desqueyroux, 1976; = L. ciruela sp. nov. ) MHNG 62578, Caleta Lobato (45°53’S – 74°47’W, Chilean Patagonia); MNHG 62579, Isla San Pedro (approx. 47°41’51’’S – 74°52’39’’W, Chilean Patagonia). Diagnosis. Latrunculia (L.) ciruela sp. nov. is the only species of Latrunculia (L.) in the Magellanic region with purple-colour when living, round pore fields on top of densely or sparsely arranged papillae, a second category of megascleres comprising rare (acanth)oxeas slightly larger than the styles, and anisodiscorhabds with 2– 4 spined whorls (basal whorl usually with only a few isolated spines). Description (Fig. 6A). Globular sponge, 3–7 cm in diameter, with conspicuous, regularly distributed, slightly elevated, round papillae, 5–20 mm in diameter, 1–2 mm high. Some of these, flat on top, appear to bear pore fields, some bear oscula, and others still, conical in shape, appear to be closed. Some specimens may bear papillae, which are circular in section, and expanded on their apical portion, thus looking like flat mushrooms. Consistency is firm and rubbery. Live-colour is deep-purple, brownish purple or dark-green, becoming dark brown in ethanol. The holotype is brownish purple. Skeleton (Fig. 7A). Ectosome in three layers, an outermost single layer palisade of mostly erect anisodiscorhabds, frequently piercing the surface, an intermediate layer (70–100 µm thick) mainly devoid of any spicular skeleton, and a basal layer (100–120 µm thick) composed of megascleres lying parallel to the surface. Here and there, both megascleres and microscleres are seen spread in confusion, but usually in small amounts. There is slight retention of sediment in parts of the surface, where diatoms abound. Choanosome, an irregular reticulation of multispicular tracts of megascleres (ca. 50 µm thick), fanning out towards the ectosome in some places. Abundant microscleres occur in disorder in parts of the subectosomal region. Megasclere brushes at the nodes of the reticulation render the whole architecture rather confused. There appears to be a nearly uninterrupted system of small lacunae separating the ectosome and choanosome. The papillae are supported by a denser arrangement of megascleres, radially oriented when closer to surface (which they frequently pierce), and more confusedly in slightly deeper parts. Spicules (Figs. 8A–R, 9A). Megascleres. Styles (Fig. 8O), mainly smooth, straight or slightly sinuous, slightly fusiform, sharp apex, occasionally bearing tyles at varied distances from base, but mostly not polytylote, 265–400 µm long and 3–12 µm thick. Oxeas (Figs. 8P–R), rare, mostly bent in the middle (sometimes irregularly crooked), thin, isodiametric, occasionally bearing a few short conical spines, with sharp endings, 300–500 µm long and 5–10 µm thick. Microscleres. Anisodiscorhabds (Figs. 8A–N, 10A): manubrium with large thorns, most frequently smooth; basal whorl variously fused with manubrium, with large, smooth and sharp thorns similar to those of manubrium (Fig. 9A); shaft frequently smooth, occasionally with a few thorns and/or spines (Fig. 8J); median whorl orthogonal, as wide as, or only slightly wider than subsidiary and apical whorls, with clusters of anastomosed thorns which can bear secondary spines or be serrated in parts (Fig. 9A)—this whorl is often incomplete (Figs. 8K–L); subsidiary whorl similar to median one, but mostly slightly bent towards the apex—this whorl also often incomplete (Fig. 8K) or more rarely, totally lacking (Fig. 8G); apical whorl most frequently with nearly erect thorns, thorns sharp (Figs. 8A, E, K) or blunt (Figs. 8H), secondary spines present; 35–50 µm long and 18–33 µm across, shaft 3–10 µm wide. Aberrant forms with variously dwindling resemblances to anisodiscorhabds were also seen (Fig. 8N), but these do not appear to form a distinct category of microscleres. Distribution and ecology. Most specimens seen occurred below 20 m depth (at low tide), on vertical walls or boulders, at places of limited silting. Some were closely associated to other sponges, polyps, bryozoans, hermitcrabs and/or a holothurian (holotype). MNRJ 10855 and 10858 were full of reproduction bodies (embryos, up to 280 µm in largest diameter). Etymology. “Ciruela” is used as a noun in apposition. This is the Spanish word for plum, a fruit with a marked resemblance to the new species, especially when the latter has only a sparse distribution of pore-sieves on its surface.Published as part of Hajdu, Eduardo, Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Ruth, Carvalho, Mariana De Souza, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele & Willenz, Philippe, 2013, Twelve new Demospongiae (Porifera) from Chilean fjords, with remarks upon sponge-derived biogeographic compartments in the SE Pacific, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 3744 (1) on pages 30-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3744.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/527108
Hajdu-Szoboszló és Esztár
No full textHAJDU-SZOBOSZLÓ ÉS ESZTÁR
Ungarn 1:75 000 (-)
Hajdu-Szoboszló és Esztár (Nr. 5067) ( -
Myxilla (Burtonanchora) araucana Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faundez, Carvalho, Lobo-Hajdu and Willenz 2013
No full textMyxilla (Burtonanchora) araucana Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Carvalho, Lôbo-Hajdu and Willenz sp. nov. (Figs. 6G, 10R–V; Tab. 9) Myxilla araucana Hajdu et al. (2009, nomen nudum, in part) in Willenz et al. (2009: 130, in part-bottom left and bottom right in situ photos, A–F SEM; non upper in situ photo, = Stelodoryx sp.) Type material. Holotype. IZUA-POR 149, northern side of the entrance of Quintupeu Fjord (42º09’49.32”S – 72º26’40.32”W, Chilean Patagonia), 20 m depth, coll. E. Hajdu, G. Lôbo-Hajdu and Ph.Willenz, 21 April 2004 — fragments from the holotype: RBINSc-IG 32231-POR 8220 and MNRJ 8220. Paratypes. MNRJ 7283, 7287, Quintupeu Fjord (cross refs. (63) 710022–3 and (63D) 710022–3, respectively; Chilean Patagonia), coll. C.A. Viviani (ORPLAN), 26 April 1971. MNRJ 8222, northern side of the entrance of Quintupeu Fjord (42º09’49.32”S – 72º26’40.32”W, Chilean Patagonia), 24 m depth, coll. E. Hajdu, G. Lôbo-Hajdu and Ph.Willenz, 21 April 2004 — fragment from the paratype: RBINSc-IG 32231- POR 8222. Comparative material. Myxilla (Burtonanchora) asigmata (Topsent, 1901) — RBINS POR 038 (holotype) Myxilla (B.) gracilis Lévi, 1965 - MNHN LBIM DCL 330, microscopic preparation of dissociated spicules from holotype Myxilla (B.) myxilloides Lévi, 1960 — MNHN LBIM DCL 782, microscopic preparation of dissociated spicules from holotype Myxilla (B.) sigmatifera (Lévi, 1963) — MNHN LBIM DCL 528, microscopic preparation of dissociated spicules from holotype Diagnosis. Myxilla (B.) araucana sp. nov. is the only species in the subgenus to possess only a single category of anchorate isochelae <80 µm in length as microscleres, next to terminally microspined ectosomal subtylote megascleres always <300 µm. Description (Fig. 6G). Erect sponge, inverted-conical or fusiform with deep longitudinal grooves, soft, with a smooth surface. The holotype was approximately 3 x 1.5 cm (height, largest diameter). Oscula, 3–5 mm in diameter, apical, occasionally with small perioscular membranes. Subdermal canals visible in situ. Live-colour is light-yellow to whitish, becoming beige in ethanol. Skeleton (Fig. 10R). Ectosomal skeleton, slightly divergent tufts of subtylotes and abundant isochelae, which form crusts at some parts. Choanosome plumo-reticulated, with ascending primary paucispicular tracts of styles connected nearly at right angles mostly by single styles. Isochelae very common in choanosome. Spicules (Figs. 10S–V, Table 9). Megascleres, straight or slightly curved, smooth styles (Figs. 11S), 378–504 µm long and 12–22 µm thick, with sharp apex; terminally microspined ectosomal subtylotes (Figs. 10T–U), 155– 233 µm long and 3.6–7.2 µm thick. Microscleres, anchorate isochelae with three or four fully formed alae (Figs. 10V), 43–74 µm long. Distribution and ecology. So far known only from its type locality in the Chilean fjords region, ca. 42ºS (Quintupeu Fjord). On nearly vertical rocky substrate, between 10 and 24 m depth. Etymology. The name ‘araucana’ is a noun in apposition, which honours the native Americans settled in a large fraction of Chile territory, the Araucanos [Spanish name for the Mapuche people]. Remarks. Only 12 species are currently accepted within Myxilla (Burtonanchora) according to the World Porifera Database (van Soest et al., 2013), all of which are compared to the new species described above (Table 10). We decided to add another one, M. (B.) magna, on the basis of arguments recently raised by Rios and Cristobo (2007). It appears to us that a clear understanding of monophyletic species groups within the Myxillidae may not have been reached yet, as apparent from the ping-pong assignment of species to and out from synonymies. This is due in part to different interpretations of supposedly highly polymorphic species (e.g. M. mollis Ridley & Dendy, 1886 vs. M. magna), where not even subgeneric assignment is well settled. Myxilla (B.) asymmetrica was up to now, the single species known from the SE Pacific in the subgenus. It differs from the new species notably by the lack of terminal spination in its ectosomal megascleres, as well as the smaller size of its anchorates and possession of sigmas. Within the remaining 12 species in Table 10, eight species can be easily distinguished from the new one, either because their choanosomal megascleres are much larger [M. (B.) asigmata, M. (B.) hastata, M. (B.) lissostyla] or much smaller than those of the new species [M. (B.) crucifera, M. (B.) gracilis, M. (B.) lacunosa, M. (B.) myxilloides, M. (B.) ponceti]. With the exception of M. (B.) asigmata and M. (B.) lissostyla, the other six species have additional microsclere categories, which add further on their distinctiveness. Myxilla (B.) asigmata, M. (B.) hastata, and M. (B.) lissostyla, on the other hand, have considerably larger tornotes and, in the case of the latter, much larger anchorates too. M. (B.) lissostyla sensu Desqueyroux (1975) should be revised as the isochelae drawn appear arcuate, not anchorate. This would render the species best assigned to Lissodendoryx. We were unable to recover any preparations from this material in the MHNG sponge collection. However, the sponge collection at the Museo Zoologico of Universidad de Concepcion (Chile) has one specimen holding (3976) from Brabante Island, which is likely to be the specimen reported upon by Desqueyroux (1975). We were unable to access this collection in time for the present study. Further suggestion of non-conspecificity of Desqueyroux’s (1975) and Burton’s (1938) sponges is derived from the former much smaller isochelae. Myxilla (B.) araucana sp. nov. differs from three of the remaining four species because it has only a single category of anchorates as microscleres, as opposed to the anchorates and raphides observed in M. (B.) pistillaris, and the two categories of anchorates and two categories of sigmas observed in M. (B.) magna and M. (B.) sigmatifera. Topsent (1916) described the tornotes in M. (B.) pistillaris as being curved, a trait observed only seldom in the new species. Both African species described by Lévi (1960, 1963), viz. M. (B.) myxilloides and M. (B.) sigmatifera, respectively, so closely resemble each other that the hypothesis of non-conspecificity has been reevaluated here from reexamination of dissociated spicule slides from both holotypes (Table 10). The only points of distinction seen were the relatively larger dimensions of megascleres and sigmas I in M. (B.) sigmatifera. It is worth noting that the studied microscopic preparation of the South African species is contaminated by a reasonable number of arcuate chelae, which are nearly as abundant as the large anchorate ones. From scanning Lévi’s (1963) descriptions of poecilosclerid sponges, it becomes apparent that the arcuates come from Phorbas dayi (Lévi, 1963; as Anchinoe d.). Nevertheless, the remaining spicules of the latter species were not observed along side the arcuate isochelae. Myxilla (B.) pedunculata as originally described by Lundbeck (1905) might be the closest known relative of the new species, albeit its widely distant occurrence in the Boreal eastern Atlantic. All spicule categories have comparable dimensions, and only a single category of anchorates constitutes all the microscleres present in both species. Slight exceptions to this overall similarity are the mucronate terminations of tornotes, in M. (B.) pedunculata, instead of being basally microspined; the pedunculate habit of Lundbeck’s sponge; and the possible occurrence of acanthostyles [referred to as “stylus from embryo”, in Lundbeck (1905)]. Koltun (1959) further reported on acanthostyles being present in M. (B.) pedunculata, but as a variation within the main style category, rather than an additional megasclere category. In any case, these observations by Lundbeck (1905) and Koltun (1959) on the likely occurrence of acanthostyles in their Boreal species strengthens the argument for nonconspecificity of both species. It appears thus there is no species possibly so close to the new species that doubts might be shed on its validity.Published as part of Hajdu, Eduardo, Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Ruth, Carvalho, Mariana De Souza, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele & Willenz, Philippe, 2013, Twelve new Demospongiae (Porifera) from Chilean fjords, with remarks upon sponge-derived biogeographic compartments in the SE Pacific, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 3744 (1) on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3744.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/527108
Latrunculia (Latrunculia) ciruela Hajdu & Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Carvalho & Lôbo-Hajdu & Willenz 2013, sp. nov.
No full textLatrunculia (Latrunculia) copihuensis Hajdu, Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Carvalho, Lôbo-Hajdu and Willenz sp. nov. (Figs. 6B, 7B, 8S –AL, 9B; Tab. 6) Latrunculia ciruela Hajdu & Willenz, 2009 (nomen nudum, in part) in Willenz et al. [2009: 143, top right in situ photo; non top left in situ photo, A–F SEM, = L. (L.) ciruela Hajdu & Willenz sp.nov] Type material. Holotype. RBINSc-IG 32233-POR 9915, Copihue Channel (50º20’23.10’’S – 75º22’39.20’’W, Chilean Patagonia), 23 m depth, coll. Ph. Willenz and E. Atwood, 09 March 2006 —fragment of holotype deposited in MHNG 61469. Diagnosis. Latrunculia (L.) copihuensis sp. nov. is the only species of Latrunculia (L.) in the Magellanic region with dark-green colour when alive, round pore fields on top of papillae densely arranged side by side, a second category of megascleres (oxeas), anisodiscorhabds with three whorls of spines (basal whorl frequently with only a few isolated spines, subsidiary whorl 6–7 µm distant from median whorl), and sanidaster-like anisodiscorhabds as microscleres. Description (Fig. 6B). Globular sponge (5.5 cm in maximum diameter). Conspicuous, regularly distributed, slightly elevated (2–3 mm), round inhalant papillae, with flat, slightly expanded upper surface (1–4 mm in diameter). Excurrent papillae, much less common, apparently restricted to the sponge upper surface, are volcaniform, and bear apical oscula (up to 5 mm in diameter). Consistency is firm and rubbery. Live-colour is darkgreen, becoming dark-brown in ethanol. A second individual, uncollected, seemingly identical to the holotype, albeit slightly smaller, is apparent in the series of in situ images obtained. Skeleton (Fig. 7B). Ectosome in two layers, an outer one (up to 180 µm thick) with large areas virtually devoid of megascleres, where anisodiscorhabds and sanidaster-like anisodiscorhabds are common, but never abundant, and a basal layer, 200–400 µm thick, dense in megascleres that are arranged parallel to the surface at some parts, and confusedly in others. Microscleres form no vestige of a palisade, occurring in disorder on the outermost sector, near the sponge surface, or at the base of the outer ectosomal layer. Choanosome, an irregular reticulation of multispicular tracts of megascleres (50–90 µm thick), forming dense criss-crossed networks at their points of contact. There are very few free megascleres in the deeper parts of the choanosome, but these are common in the subectosomal region. Several aquiferous channels of various diameters (60–500 µm) are seen in the subectosome and deeper, but no specialised skeleton occurs on their perimeter. The papillae are supported by a denser arrangement of megascleres, radially oriented when closer to surface (which they frequently pierce), and more confusedly in slightly deeper parts. Spicules (Figs. 8S –AL, 9B). Megascleres. Styles (Figs. 8 AI–AL), mainly smooth, straight or slightly curved, isodiametric, variably sharp apices, occasionally bearing tyles at varied distances from base but mostly not polytylote, 285–386 µm long and 3–9 µm thick. Oxeas (Figs. 8 AG–AH), rare, mostly bent in the middle (sometimes irregularly crooked), thin, isodiametric, occasionally bearing a few short conical spines, with sharp endings, 285–405 µm long and 3–6 µm thick. Microscleres of two kinds, with rare intermediate forms. Anisodiscorhabds (Figs. 8S–Y, 9B): manubrium with large, mostly sharp thorns, with few, or most frequently no secondary spines; basal whorl vestigial, with 1–4 large thorns on opposite sides of the shaft (Fig. 8S, U–V), or entirely lacking (Fig. 8T, W); shaft smooth; median whorl varies from partially (Figs. 8S, W–X, 9B) to well formed plates (Fig. 8V), with thorns incised variably deep, frequently with secondary spines; subsidiary whorl, slightly narrower albeit similar to median one and 6–7 µm distant from it, sometimes adjacent to apical one (Fig. 8U); apical whorl with thorns incised variably deep, disposed obliquely to the shaft (Figs. 8U–X) or bending to form a thimble-like structure (Fig. 8S); 34–42 µm long and 14–26 µm across, shaft 3.2–3.6 µm wide. Sanidaster-like anisodiscorhabds (Figs. 8Z –AF), whorls of spines only barely seen in a few spicules (Figs. 8Z, AA, AC –AD), these are substituted by large thorns spread all over the shaft, with or without a sparse secondary apical microspination, sometimes even the manubrium and apex being difficult to differentiate (e.g. Fig. 8 AE–AF); 32–47 µm long and 14–23 µm across, shaft 3.2–4 µm wide. Distribution and ecology. Known only from its type locality at Copihue Channel (50˚20'23.10"S– 75˚22'39.20"W, Chilean Patagonia), where it was collected from 23 m depth. The habitat was very rich, with several animal groups spotted just a few cm away from the sponge: algae, additional species of sponges, cnidarians, bryozoa, polychaetes, echinoids. Etymology. “Copihuensis” derives from the species type locality—Copihue Channel (Chilean Patagonia).Published as part of Hajdu, Eduardo, Desqueyroux-Faúndez, Ruth, Carvalho, Mariana De Souza, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele & Willenz, Philippe, 2013, Twelve new Demospongiae (Porifera) from Chilean fjords, with remarks upon sponge-derived biogeographic compartments in the SE Pacific, pp. 1-64 in Zootaxa 3744 (1) on pages 31-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3744.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/527108
Clathrina ANTOFAGASTENSIS AZEVEDO, HAJDU, WILLENZ & KLAUTAU 2009
No full text<i>CLATHRINA ANTOFAGASTENSIS</i> AZEVEDO, HAJDU, WILLENZ & KLAUTAU, 2009 (FIG. 4; TABLE 4) <p> <i>Citations:</i> Azevedo <i>et al.,</i> 2009: 4.</p> <p> <i>Material examined:</i> Ten specimens. MNRJ 11282 (fragments: RBINSc-IG 32239-POR 11282, CZA 11282 and MHNG 85284); Punta Zamora, Samanco Bay, Chimbote, Ancash Region (09°12′58.10′′S, 78°33′09.90′′W); collected by Ph. Willenz and Y. Hooker; 4 m depth, 24.ix.2007. MNRJ 11294 (fragments: RBINSc-IG 32239- POR 11294, CZA 11294, and MHNG 85295); north of Colorada Inlet, El Dorado, Chimbote, Ancash Region (09°11′40.80′′S, 78°32′21.00′′W); collected by E. Hajdu; 2 m depth, 24.ix.2007. MNRJ 11512 (fragments: RBINSc- IG 32239-POR 11512, CZA 11512, and MHNG 85507); San Lorenzo Island site 2, Callao, Callao Region (12°04′01.44′′S, 77°13′44.95′′W); collected by Y. Hooker and Ph. Willenz; 4 m depth; 27.x.2007. MNRJ 12825; Vieja Island, Independence Bay, Paracas National Reserve, Ica Region (14°17′23.10′′S, 76°10′28.40′′W); collected by Y. Hooker, Ph. Willenz, and F. Azevedo; 7 m depth, 09.xii.2008. MNRJ 12835 (fragments: RBINSc- IG 32240-POR 12835, CZA 12835, and MHNG 85668); Santa Rosa Island site 2, Independence Bay, Paracas National Reserve, Ica Region (14°19′11.30′′S, 76°09′30.10′′W); collected by Y. Hooker, F. Azevedo, and B. Cóndor-Luján; 10 m depth; 10.xii.2008. MNRJ 13125 (fragment: RBINSc-IG 32240- POR 13125); Chilca Island, Pucusana, Lima Region (12°28′19.10′′S, 0.76°47′54.10′′W); collected by E. Hajdu, G. Lôbo- Hajdu, and F. Azevedo; 7 m depth; 28.xi.2008. MNRJ 13131 (fragment: RBINSc-IG 32240- POR 13131); Las Tres Hermanas, San Juan de Marcona, Ica Region (15°26′32.40′′S, 75°04′14.70′′W); collected by F. Azevedo, G. Lôbo-Hajdu, and E. Hajdu; intertidal; 01.xii.2008. MNRJ 13148 (fragment: RBINSc-IG 32240- POR 13148), MNRJ 16783; Lagunillas Beach, Paracas National Reserve, Ica Region (13°53′44.68′′S, 76°18′55.23′′W); collected by E. Hajdu, G. Lôbo-Hajdu, and F. Azevedo; intertidal; 05.xii.2008. MNRJ 13674 (fragments: RBINSc- IG 32241-POR 13674, CZA 13674, and MHNG 85912); Sechura Bay site 6, ′ Puerto Rico′, Piura Region (05°46′49.70′′S, 81°04′04.70′′W); collected by Y. Hooker, M. Rios, and Ph. Willenz; 8 m depth; 09.xii.2009.</p> <p> <i>Type locality:</i> Peninsula Mejillones, Antofagasta, Chile.</p> <p> <i>Colour:</i> White in life and light beige in ethanol.</p> <p> <i>Description:</i> Sponge varying from thin to thick encrusting or massive (1.5 × 1.0 × 0.2 cm) (Fig. 4A–C). Consistency is compressible. Cormus is formed by irregular and tightly anastomosed tubes (0.3−0.5 mm). Watercollecting tubes are present. Granular cells were not observed. Aquiferous system is asconoid.</p> <p> <i>Skeleton:</i> Without any special organization and composed of two size categories of triactines (Fig. 4D).</p> <p>Spicules (Table 4):</p> <p>1. Triactines I (large): Regular (equiangular and equiradiate). Actines are conical, straight, or slightly undulated with blunt tips (Fig. 4E).</p> <p>2. Triactines II (small): Regular (equiangular and equiradiate). Actines are conical, straight, with blunt or sharp tips (Fig. 4F).</p> <p> <i>Reproduction:</i> Buds were observed at the surface of the specimen MNRJ 13148 in December 2008 and several oocytes were observed inside tubes of the specimen MNRJ 11282 in September 2007.</p> <p> <i>Ecology:</i> Lives in habitats with moderate to high amounts of sediment, predominantly underneath boulders, protected from sunlight. Some individuals were found growing on gastropod shells and others were near polychaete reefs. Ascidians, brachiopods (<i>Discinisca lamellosa</i>), bryozoans, hydroids, and polychaetes (e.g. <i>Phragmatopoma</i> sp. and serpulids) were observed near <i>C. antofagastensis</i>. Demosponges (aff. Halichondriidae) and other calcareans (<i>Leucosolenia</i> sp. and <i>Grantia</i> sp.) were also present. Individuals collected in the intertidal zone were found near barnacles and chitons. Microcrustaceans with eggs and small ophiuroids were found associated with specimen MNRJ 13125. Known bathymetric distribution extends from the intertidal to 10 m depth.</p> <p> <i>Geographical distribution:</i> North coast of Chile (23°S) and along the Peruvian coast (from 5°, 9°, 12°, 13°, and 15°S (Fig. 4G).</p> <p> <i>Remarks: Clathrina antofagastensis</i> was originally described from and considered provisionally endemic to the north coast of Chile. Its known distribution has now been extended to the north, along the Peruvian littoral. The presence of water-collecting tubes was not observed in the type material; therefore, it was not mentioned in the original description (Azevedo <i>et al</i>., 2009). The <i>in vivo</i> photos taken of the Peruvian samples allowed verification of the presence of this structure. In order to confirm the identification, a DNA sequence of the holotype was included in our tree, together with three Peruvian specimens morphologically similar to <i>C. antofagastensis</i>. These specimens grouped with the holotype of <i>C. antofagastensis</i> with 100% bootstrap support and only 0.5% divergence. In the present work, <i>C. antofagastensis</i> was the most abundant species, with the largest geographical extension, found in nine localities along the Peruvian coast.</p> <p> <i>CLATHRINA AUREA</i> SOLÉ- CAVA, KLAUTAU,</p>Published as part of <i>Azevedo, Fernanda, Cóndor-Luján, Báslavi, Willenz, Philippe, Hajdu, Eduardo, Hooker, Yuri & Klautau, Michelle, 2015, Integrative taxonomy of calcareous sponges (subclass Calcinea) from the Peruvian coast: morphology, molecules, and biogeography, pp. 787-817 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (4)</i> on pages 796-798, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12213, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4890637">http://zenodo.org/record/4890637</a>
Cystic kidney disease in Hajdu-Cheney syndrome.
No full textWe report on 2 unrelated patients with Hajdu-Cheney acroosteolysis syndrome, who had cystic kidneys with ultrasonographic changes similar to those of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Neither had a family history of Hajdu-Cheney syndrome or polycystic kidneys, nor manifestations of any other syndrome. On the basis of the findings in these 2 patients and a review of published cases, we suggest that cystic kidneys are an important component of Hajdu-Cheney syndrome
Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) corrugata Fernandez, Cárdenas, Bravo, Lôbo-Hajdu, Willenz & Hajdu, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textLissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) corrugata sp. nov. (Tabs 2–3; Figs 4–7) Holotype. IZUA–POR 167, Isla Leucayec, Guaitecas Archipelago (44 º03’59.00”S / 73 º 41 ’00.38”W, Chile), 10–18 m depth, coll. E. Hajdu & R. Foley, 0 7 March 2005. Fragments from holotype deposited under MNRJ 8963 and RBINSc–IG 32232 –POR 8963. Paratype. MNRJ 17398, Punta Llonco, Comau Fjord, Chile (42 º 20 ’ 38.22 ”S / 72 º 27 ’ 25.26 ”W), <30 m depth, coll. G. Försterra, 0 3 January 2006. Diagnosis. Massive, ovoid Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) with numerous sinuous short anastomosing projections over the entire surface resembling a cauliflower; apically microspined tylotes (108–204 / 4.8–6), acanthostyles (I. 252–358 / 8–16.8, II. 90 –158/ 7.5–12.5), and arcuate isochelae (I 28–40, II 16–24). Description. Massive oval shaped sponge (Figs 4 A–B; Figs 5 A–D), with numerous sinuous, short, anastomosing projections over the entire surface; resembling a cauliflower. The holotype is 4 cm long and 3 cm in high (in life) and the paratype is 3.8 cm and 3 cm, respectively. The paratype is relatively more compact. Simple oscula (diameter up to 0.3 cm, in vivo holotype), scattered and scarce. Colour in vivo beige, and in ethanol specimens are light beige. Their consistency is compressible, rather delicate, and the paratype is somewhat harder; texture slightly rough. Skeleton. The choanosomal skeleton is (sub)anisotropic (Fig. 6 A) or subisodictyal reticulation (Fig. 6 D). Larger acanthostyles form pauci- to multispicular ascending tracts (up to seven spicules across), reaching the sponge surface and piercing it by up to 300 µm. These acanthostyles also constitute secondary orthogonal tracts, one spicule long, and up to four in thickness (Figs 6 B, E). Smaller acanthostyles echinate the main choanosomal tracts, and the nodes of the reticulation. Tylotes are spread in the surface, often perpendicularly or obliquely (Fig. 6 C). Tracts are partially inserted in a spongin layer of fibrous appearance (Fig. 6 F). Two categories of arcuate isochelae are scattered all around in choanosome and ectosome, the smaller of which is more frequent. Subectosomal lacunae absent, but wide choanosomal cavities occur, roundish or variably ellipsoid, up to 2 mm in maximum diameter. Spicules. Megascleres (Tabs 2–3): (Sub)tylotes (Figs 7 A–B, I–J), straight, rather minutely microspined on both ends, which can be slightly aniso-tylote, elongated tyles only slightly swollen (elliptical), 108– 172 (25.3) – 204 / 4.8– 5.1 (0.3) – 6. Acanthostyles I (Figs 7 C–D, K–L), straight or slightly curved, stout, somewhat fusiform, base slightly constricted, regularly round, apex sharpening gradually; spines not so abundant, straight, up to 1.5 µm high, concentrated at and near the base, a few spicules (variably thick) are very lightly spined or smooth, 252– 313.5 (29.7) – 358 / 8– 13.5 (2.6) – 16.8. Acanthostyles II (Figs 7 E–F, M–N), mostly straight, with a swollen base up to 3 µm thicker than the shaft, gradually sharpening point; abundant spines, up to 5 µm high, straight, spread over shaft and base, 90– 126 (24.3) – 158 / 7.5– 10.3 (1.6) – 12.5. Microscleres (Tabs 2–3): Arcuate isochelae I (Figs 7 G, O), smooth, relatively thick shaft, alae slightly elongated, but relatively small, young forms with markedly reduced alae: 31– 34 (3.3) – 40. Arcuate isochelae II (Figs 7 H, P), same as isochelae I, but smaller, 16– 22 (2) – 29. The Sturges algorithm confirmed the occurrence of two size classes of isochelae. Specimen ectosomal tylotes (with microspined choanosomal acanthostyles: arcuate isochelae ends) I. main, II. echinating IZUA–POR 167 108– 162 – 204 / I. 252– 300 – 353 / 8– 14.7 – 16.8 I. 31.5– 35.6 – 40 holotype 4.8– 5.2 – 6 II. 90 – 128.2 – 158 / 9– 11.2 – 12.5 II. 16– 21 – 24 MNRJ 17398 158– 182 – 200 / I. 290– 326.6 – 358 / 8.5– 12.3 – 14.5 I. 28– 34 – 40 paratype 4.8– 5 – 5.2 II. 90 – 124 – 145 / 7.5– 9.4 – 10 II. 21 – 22.8 – 24 Ecology. The holotype was attached to a bunch of slender chitinous polychaete tubes (Family Spionidae), and the paratype was attached to a coral. Distribution. So far endemic from the northern sector of Chile’s fjord region, from its type locality at the Guaitecas Archipelago (44 ºS) to Comau Fjord (42 ºS). Etymology. The species is named ‘corrugata’ (Latin corrugatus = rugose) on account of its irregular, cauliflower-like surface. Remarks. Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) corrugata sp. nov. is distinguished from Lissodendoryx (E.) spp. occurring in the SE Pacific, and in additional allied biogeographic provinces, as well as from L. (E.) ballena sp. nov. (described above) by its possession of two categories of arcuate isochelae combined with terminally microspined tylotes. The presence of little spines in the extremities of tylotes is shared with five species of Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) considered here (Tab. 2); viz. L. (E.) anacantha, L. (E.) nobilis, L. (E.) patagonica, L. (E.) plumosa, and L. (E.) ramilobosa. This character may also be present in the genus’ type species, L. (Lissodendoryx) isodictyalis (Carter, 1882). A phylogenetic assessment of synapomorphies is needed to verify whether the current subgeneric arrangement, and its emphasis on presence vs. absence of echinating acanthostyles (van Soest, 2002 a), is more parsimonious than an alternative system with greater weighting given to the micromorphology of spicules.Published as part of Fernandez, Julio C. C., Cárdenas, César A., Bravo, Alejandro, Lôbo-Hajdu, Gisele, Willenz, Philippe & Hajdu, Eduardo, 2016, Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) Lundbeck, 1909 (Coelosphaeridae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Southern Chile: new species and a discussion of morphologic characters in the subgenus in Zootaxa 4092 (1) on pages 76-79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4092.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/26611
Haliclona (Halichoclona) multiosculata Bispo & Willenz & Hajdu 2022, sp. nov.
No full textHaliclona (Halichoclona) multiosculata sp. nov. (Figure 8, Table 3) Holotype. MNRJ 13682 (Vouchers: RBINS-IG 32241 - POR 12080, MHNG 85920)— La Cabrillera, Isla Foca, Piura Region (05°12’09.30” S, 81°12’39.90” W), depth 15 m, coll. Y. Hooker, M. Rios & Ph. Willenz (11/XII/2009). Diagnosis. Only Haliclona in the Eastern Pacific with the combination of encrusting habit, with abundant oscula usually aligned in rows on ridges, rough surface, firm consistency and light pink colour alive, isotropic skeleton of oxeas 87–135 µm in length. Description (Fig. 8A, B). Encrusting, up to ca. 6 mm thick, covering large areas up to 15 x 20 cm. Surface rough. Oscula abundant, circular, ca. 1–4 mm wide, frequently aligned in rows on ridges. Consistency firm. Colour in life light pink. Skeleton (Fig. 8C, D). Ectosome a dense isotropic reticulation, with some discernible triangular to squared meshes, slightly confused. Choanosome of the same structure as the ectosome, but denser. Spongin scarce, only found at the nodes of the reticulation. Spicules (Fig. 8E, F). Oxeas, slender, subtly bent at centre, sharp hastate points, 87– 116 –135 x 1.9– 6.2 –8.7 µm (n = 45 x 45). Ecology. Found on rocky substrate around 15 m depth, associated with many ophiuroids. Water temperature during collection was 21° C. Distribution (Fig. 3C). Only known from its type locality, Isla Foca (Piura Region, Peru). Etymology. The epithet “ multiosculata ” is used as a noun in apposition that refers to the abundance of oscula in the new species (L. multi = much). Remarks. There are no clear relatives of H. (Halich.) multiosculata sp. nov. in the Eastern Pacific (Table 3). Haliclona agglutinata is most similar to the new species with a choanosomal skeleton of comparable architecture, oxeas within a similar size range (102–140 µm), and colour alive off-white with pinkish areas (Desqueyroux-Faúndez & van Soest 1997). Nevertheless, the new species is encrusting, much thinner than H. agglutinata, has oscula commonly aligned on ridges, and skeleton without paucispicular tracts. Other Eastern Pacific Haliclona spp. that might be related to the new species regarding its skeleton architecture and/or shape are H. (Halich.) conica (Thiele, 1905), H. (Halich.) gellindra, H. (Re.) sordida (Thiele, 1905), and H. (Halich.) thielei. However, the new species differs from H. (Halich.) conica for the latter’s conical habit (15 mm thick) and longer oxeas (165 x 10 µm) (Thiele 1905). In addition, H. (Halich.) gellindra can also be distinguished by its fragile consistency, fewer and smaller oscula, and occurrence restricted to the Temperate Northeastern Pacific, along California and the coast of the Gulf of California (de Laubenfels 1932; Dickinson 1945). H. (Re.) sordida considerably approaches the new species by its encrusting habit (5–7 mm thick), smooth to irregular surface, and grouped oscula. However, H. (Re.) sordida ‘s smaller oscula (0.5 mm wide), its skeletal architecture with loose ascending tracts, and longer oxeas (200 x 9 µm) differentiate the two species (Thiele 1905; Hajdu et al. 2013). Finally, H. (Halich.) thielei also has an encrusting shape, but it has distinct colour alive (blue, grey or violet-grey), and never has oscula aligned on ridges (Thiele 1905; Hajdu et al. 2013).Published as part of Bispo, André, Willenz, Philippe & Hajdu, Eduardo, 2022, Diving into the unknown: fourteen new species of haplosclerid sponges (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida) revealed along the Peruvian coast (Southeastern Pacific), pp. 201-252 in Zootaxa 5087 (2) on pages 228-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5087.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/582401
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