6,221 research outputs found
Cellular tropism and cell-to-cell fusion properties of the infectious bronchitis virus spike glycoprotein
No full textThere are numerous vaccines available for the control of infectious bronchitis virus
(IBV) in poultry, however protection is short-lived and poorly cross-protective
between strains. The vaccines must currently be grown in embryonated eggs, a
cumbersome and expensive process. The ability to grow vaccines on a cell-line such
as Vero cells would be highly advantageous.
The spike (S) glycoprotein of IBV is comprised of two subunits, S1 and S2, has a
vital role in virulence in vivo and is responsible for cellular tropism in vitro. This
project aims to identify the amino acids present in the S glycoprotein involved in
determination of cellular tropism and cell-to-cell fusion.
The IBV Beaudette strain is able to replicate in both primary chick kidney (CK) cells
and Vero cells, whereas the IBV M41 strain replicates in primary cells only.
Recombinant IBVs with chimaeric S genes were generated using a reverse genetics
system with the genomic background of Beaudette and part of the S gene from M41.
Their growth characteristics and cellular tropism were investigated. The S2 subunit
of Beaudette was found to be sufficient to confer the ability to grow on Vero cells
and swapping just three amino acids with corresponding ones from M41 was
sufficient to remove the ability of the Beaudette S glycoprotein for growth on Vero
cells.
Beaudette was further adapted to syncytia formation on Vero cells by serial passage
and isolates were sequenced to identify amino acid changes between parent and
Vero-adapted viruses that are potentially involved in cell-to-cell fusion.
Understanding the way in which IBV infects host cells is vital in order to rationally
design better vaccination and treatment strategies and help to reduce the prevalence
of IBV infection in poultry worldwide. Using the IBV reverse genetics system, we
now have the potential to grow IBV vaccines on Vero cells
The peplomer protein sequence of the M41 strain of coronavirus IBV and its comparison with Beaudette strains
No full textThe amino acid sequence of the gene for the peplomer protein of the vaccine strain M41 and the Beaudette laboratory strain M42-Salk of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) have been derived from cDNA sequences. As found with other coronaviruses, the peplomer protein carries the epitopes eliciting neutralizing antibodies. The gene encodes a primary translation product of 1162 amino acids with a molecular weight of 128079. The use of a recent algorithm to predict membrane-protein interactions led to the unambiguous localization of the signah peptide and a transmembrane anchor α-helix at the C-terminus. At 50 positions amino acid differences were found between M41 and two Beaudette strains (M42-Salk and M42-Houghton). They are partly clustered in two regions of the protein. These two regions are candidates for neutralization epitopes of the protein
Contributors to the Fall Issue/Notes
No full textNotes by Wilmer L. McLaughlin, John F. Mendoza, Patrick F. Coughlin, William J. O\u27Connor, Arthur L. Beaudette, Henry M. Shine, Jr., William M. Dickson, and William B. Wombacher
Recent Decisions
No full textComments on recent decisions by Sidney Baker, Arthur L. Beaudette, Mark Harry Berens, Francis W. Collopy, Patrick F. Coughlin, Benedict R. Danko, Joseph M. Gaydos, William T. Huston, Francis J. Keating, John E. Lindberg, James D. Matthews, Lawrence S. May, Jr., Maurice J. Moriarty, George J. Murphy, Jr., William J. O\u27Connor, Charles James Perrin, Albert R. Ritcher, Henry Martin Shine, Jr., Cyril C. Vidra, and Dale A. Winnie
Recent Decisions
No full textComments on recent decisions by Sidney Baker, Arthur L. Beaudette, Mark Harry Berens, Francis W. Collopy, Patrick F. Coughlin, Benedict R. Danko, Joseph M. Gaydos, William T. Huston, Francis J. Keating, John E. Lindberg, James D. Matthews, Lawrence S. May, Jr., Maurice J. Moriarty, George J. Murphy, Jr., William J. O\u27Connor, Charles James Perrin, Albert R. Ritcher, Henry Martin Shine, Jr., Cyril C. Vidra, and Dale A. Winnie
Notes
No full textNotes by Benedict R. Danko, Patrick F. Coughlin, William J. O\u27Connor, John E. Lindberg, Lawrence S. May, Jr., Arthur L. Beaudette, and Mark Harry Berens
Notes
No full textNotes by Benedict R. Danko, Patrick F. Coughlin, William J. O\u27Connor, John E. Lindberg, Lawrence S. May, Jr., Arthur L. Beaudette, and Mark Harry Berens
The pathogenesis of Newcastle disease: A comparison of selected Newcastle disease virus wild-type strains and their infectious clones
No full textAbstractThe effect of mutations of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) fusion (F) gene, hemagglutinin–neuraminidase (HN) gene, and phosphoprotein (P) gene and HN chimeras between the virulent Beaudette C and low virulence LaSota strains on pathogenesis and pathogenicity was examined in fully susceptible chickens. A virulent F cleavage site motif within a LaSota backbone increased pathogenicity and severity of clinical disease. A LaSota HN within a Beaudette C backbone decreased pathogenicity indices and disease severity. A Beaudette C HN within a LaSota backbone did not change either pathogenicity indices or severity of disease in chickens. Loss of glycosylation at site 4 of the HN or modified P gene of Beaudette C decreased pathogenicity indices and caused no overt clinicopathologic disease in chickens. Both pathogenicity indices and clinicopathologic examination demonstrated that the F, HN, and P genes of NDV collectively or individually can contribute to viral virulence
Notes
No full textNotes by Benedict R. Danko, Patrick F. Coughlin, William J. O\u27Connor, John E. Lindberg, Lawrence S. May, Jr., Arthur L. Beaudette, and Mark Harry Berens
Recent Decisions
No full textComments on recent decisions by Louis Albert Hafner, Patrick F. Coughlin, George J. Murphy, Benedict R. Danko, John E. Lindberg, William J. O\u27Connor, Mark Harry Berens, Joseph M. Gaydos, William G. Greif, Lawrence S. May, Jr., Charles James Perrin, Arthur L. Beaudette, F. Richard Kramer, Kenneth N. Obrecht, William T. Huston, and Maurice J. Moriarty
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