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French motets in the thirteenth century: music, poetry and genre
No full textThis is the first full-length study of the vernacular motet in thirteenth-century France. The motet was the most prestigious type of music of that period, filling a gap between the music of the so-called Notre-Dame School and the Ars Nova of the early fourteenth century. This book takes the music and the poetry of the motet as its starting-point and attempts to come to grips with the ways in which musicians and poets treated pre-existing material, creating new artefacts. The book reviews the processes of texting and retexting, and the procedures for imparting structure to the works; it considers the way we conceive genre in the thirteenth-century motet, and supplements these with principles derived from twentieth-century genre theory. The motet is viewed as the interaction of literary and musical modes whose relationships give meaning to individual musical compositions.ContentsPart I. Origins: 1. Introduction; 2. The origins and early history of the motet; 3. The French motet; Part II. Genre: 4. The motet enté; 5. Rondeau-Motet; 6. Refrain cento; 7. Devotional forms; 8. The motet and genre; Bibliography; Index
Mozart's Ghosts: haunting the halls of musical culture
No full textMozart's Ghosts traces the many lives of this great composer that emerged following his early death in 1791. Crossing national boundaries and traversing two hundred years-worth of interpretation and reception, author Mark Everist investigates how Mozart's past status can be understood as part of today's veneration. Everist forges new paths to reach the composer, examining a number of ways in which Western culture has absorbed the idea of Mozart, how various cultural agents have appropriated, deployed, and exploited Mozart toward both authoritarian and subversive ends, and how the figure of Mozart and his impact illuminate the cultural history of the last two centuries in Europe, England, and America. Modern reverence for the composer is conditioned by earlier responses to his music, and Everist argues that such earlier responses are more complex than allowed by a simple "reception studies" model. Closely linking nine case studies in an innovative cultural and theoretical framework, the book approaches the developing reputation of the composer from death to the present day along three paths: "Phantoms of the Opera" deals with stage music, "Holy Spirits" addresses the trope of the sacred, and "Specters at the Feast" considers the impact of Mozart's music in literature and film. Mozart's Ghosts adeptly moves the study of Mozart reception away from hagiography and closer to cultural and historical criticism, and will be avidly read by Mozart scholars and students of eighteenth-century music history, as well as literary critics, historians of philosophy and aesthetics, and cultural historians in general
‘Souspirant en terre estrainge’: the Polyphonic Rondeau from Adam de la Halle to Guillaume de Machaut
No full textThe appearance of a consistent repertory of polyphonic settings of single vernacular texts, governed by a coherent set of conventions and a shared understanding of compositional ambition, was one of the lasting achievements of the composers of the fourteenth century. Although fully formed products of this accomplishment did not emerge until the century’s fourth decade, the concept of the marriage of a single vernacular poem to the type of polyphonic music previously associated with the caudae of conducti, clausulae and polytextual motets had by then been a topic for exploration for at least fifty years. It is not too much to claim that the period from Adam de la Halle to Guillaume de Machaut saw a series of changes in the relationship between vernacular poetry and polyphony that had consequences for the history of music at least up to and probably beyond Le nuove musiche (1601).Footnotes
This article is based on a paper presented to the Seminar on Medieval and Renaissance Music, All Souls College, Oxford, 30 October 2003. I am grateful to Margaret Bent for the invitation to contribute to the seminar and to the individuals who contributed to the discussion. In addition to those cited in the footnotes to the text, I would like to thank Margaret Bent, Lawrence Earp, James Grier, Elizabeth Eva Leach, David Maw and Yolanda Plumley, who read the article in draft and offered many useful suggestions
The refrain cento: myth or motet?
No full textOf all the genres of thirteenth-century vernacular polyphony, none is more elusive than the so-called refrain cento. Such types of composition as the motet enté and the motet with a single terminal refrain make regular appearances in the literature on the thirteenth-century motet. Most of these genres are defined by the presence or absence of a refrain, the musico-poetic entity which seems to drift from chanson to rondeau, to verse narrative, to motet. The nature of the problem concerns the degree to which the pieces which have been termed refrain cento can actually be seen to constitute a genre. Generic considerations will therefore be given some weight in this article
Review: Margot Fassler, 'Gothic song: Victorine sequences and Augustinian reform in twelfth-century Paris (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993)
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Review. Rudolf Flotzinger, Leoninus Musicus und der Magnus Liber Organi (Kassel, Bärenreiter, 2003)
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