1,762,631 research outputs found
FEUTURE EU 28 Country Report. Estonia
Full text linkRelations between Estonia and Turkey received renewed impetus after 2004, when Estonia joined the European Union (EU) (while Turkey was in the process of securing the official candidate status) and NATO, of which Turkey has been a member since 1952. Since its accession, Estonia has played a generally constructive role at the EU level when it comes to both its institutional future and enlargement policy. Its key tenets, thereby, seem in line with the principled open-door approach advocated by the fellow Nordic countries
Empowerment of Domestic Stakeholders: From Outcome-oriented to Processoriented Europeanization in the ENP Countries
No full textThis chapter examines the strategies of the European Union (EU) that aim at promoting
institutional reforms in neighbouring countries such as Ukraine. It particularly addresses
the question why does rule convergence vary at the sectoral level in Ukraine. It argues
that EU policies are more efficient if they aim at flexible adaptation of rules to local
needs and empower domestic actors to actively participate in reforms. However, the
EU’s dominant approach instead promotes institutional monocropping and reinforces
the capacities of the entrenched elites, which aim at the preservation of the status quo.
The EU’s strategies are analyzed regarding the examples of anti-corruption reforms in
the migration and environmental sectors in Ukraine
Exploring Integration of Care for Children Living with Complex Care Needs Across the European Union and European Economic Area
Full text linkIntroduction: The aim of this paper is to report on the development of surveys to explore integration of care for children living with complex care needs across the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA). Theory and methods: Each survey consists of a vignette and questions adapted from the 'Standards for Systems of Care for Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs and the Eurobarometer Survey'. A Country Agent in each country, a local expert in child health services, will obtain data from indigenous sources. Results: We identified ‘in-principle’ complex problems and adapted surveys to capture care integration. We expect to get rich data to understand perceptions and to inform actions for a number of complex health issues. Conclusion: The study has the potential to make a wide contribution to individual countries of the EU/EEA to understand their own integration of services mapped against responses from other member states. Early results are expected in Spring 2017
Normative and Civilisational Regionalisms: The EU, Russia and their Common Neighbourhoods
No full textThe contours of regionalism in a wider Europe are shaped by two dominant actors, the European Union (EU) and Russia, which often have divergent visions of the regional landscapes in a vast area constituting their common neighbourhood. The EU can be characterised as the promoter of normative regionalism, while Russia generates different forms of civilisational regionalism. Russia’s emphasis on the civilisational underpinnings of its regional integration model paves the way for two different strategies: one based on liberal imitation and replication of EU experiences in order to strengthen Russia’s position in the global neoliberal economy, and another grounded in illiberal contestation of the normative premises of the EU with the purpose of devising an ideologised alternative to the liberal West
Decarbonization of Electricity Systems in Europe:Market Design Challenges
No full textABSTRACT: Driven by climate change concerns, Europe has taken significant initiatives toward the decarbonization of its energy system. The European Commission (EC) has set targets for 2030 to achieve at least 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions with respect to the 1990 baseline level and cover at least 32% of the total energy consumption in the European Union (EU) through renewable energy sources, predominantly wind and solar generation. However, these technologies are inherently characterized by high variability, limited predictability and controllability, and lack of inertia, significantly increasing the balancing requirements of the system with respect to historical levels. The flexibility burden is currently carried by flexible fossil-fueled conventional generators (mainly gas), which are required to produce significantly less energy (as low operating cost and CO2-free renewable and nuclear generation are prioritized in the merit order) and operate part loaded with frequent startup and shut-down cycles, with devastating effects on their cost efficiency.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Foreign trade causality among the European Union (EU) and Turkey
Full text linkKOTIL, Erdoğan. Foreign trade causality among the European Union (EU) and Turkey. În: Competitivitate şi inovare în economia cunoaşterii [online]: culegere de rezumate: conf. şt. intern., 25-26 sept. 2020. Ediţia a 22-a. Chişinău: ASEM, 2020, pp. 27-29. E-ISBN 978-9975-75-986-1.Turkey performs nearly half of its’foreign trade with the European Union (EU). Turkey has actualized the Customs Union agreement with the EU. The aim of this study is to verify whether there is a causality relation in the foreign trade between Turkey and the EU. The yearly Turkish import and export data to the EU has been used during this study. The data used is for the 1996-2009 period. The relationship between the variables have been researched through the usage of the Granger causality test. The empirical results have demonstrated the absence of Granger causality between imports and exports during the period after the EU. JEL: F100, F14
The Europeanization of foreign policy in the face of the Russian disinformation war
Full text linkSince 2014 a key development emerging from the crisis in Ukraine has been the extensive use of various disinformation and propaganda techniques used by Russia against not only Ukraine, but also against the European Union (EU) member states and the West in general. While such campaigns were gradually acknowledged in Berlin, Brussels, and Washington, the reactions of the EU and NATO came with a long delay. This article focuses on the institutional and political (re)actions of the EU to the Russian disinformation campaign against the European Union member states and Eastern neigh-borhood countries after the beginning of the Ukraine crisis in 2014. The key developments are the launch of a special Eastern StratCom Task Force within the EEAS as a completely new institutional formation, the adoption of the Action Plan for Strategic Communication, and the increased financial support for the European Endowment for Democracy. Tracing the EU collective response indicates that there was a decision of the member states to favor an EU-level solution over a solely national one in the foreign policy arena. This article argues that these developments are indicative of the Europeanization of the foreign policies of the member states, which is in itself a remarkable development given the altered European security environment
Dynamic Spectrum Management for European-Wide Research Network
No full textThis paper presents a proposal for dynamic spectrum management concept from a pan-European research operator perspective. Dynamic spectrum management is one of the key enablers for the 5G and beyond communications systems. Regulatory concepts for sharing the spectrum have been developed, and they have been adopted for implementation in the standardization. The prevailing methods are currently Licensed Shared Access (LSA) in the European Union (EU) and Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) in the United States (US). In the EU, however, the final decisions of the spectrum usage are done by the national regulatory authorities, and therefore it is seen that harmonized spectrum usage is not going to happen at European level in the near future. In this paper, we describe the approach taken in EuWireless to gain access to the spectrum resources dynamically for the research use. In the proposal, the information about the spectrum resources across the Europe are stored the central Spectrum Repository (SR). The local instances of EuW Spectrum Manager (SM), operating under the licences and regulations in different areas, handle the communication with the MNOs via standardized procedures such as LSA or CBRS
Victims to villains: Internal displacement and nation-building in Ukraine
Full text linkThe war in Donbas has created large-scale displacement within Ukraine, an issue the impoverished state has struggled to manage. Internally displaced people (IDPs) have suffered from prejudice at the hands of host communities and from legal ambiguities caused by the state’s incoherent attempts at limiting the threat of mass displacement. This paper examines how the Ukrainian government-owned newspaper Uriadovyi Kurier represents the IDPs from Donbas and analyses what the publication’s attitudes towards internal displacement mean. Over time, a distinction appears in the newspaper’s reporting between real IDPs in need of help, and people posing as IDPs, guilty of siphoning Ukrainian tax payers’ money to the rebel-held areas. Also, the paper eagerly discusses how the European Union (EU) and foreign states can be engaged in providing support for the IDPs, relieving pressure from regional budgets and simultaneously binding Ukraine to the West. These tropes serve to construct Ukrainian national unity by excluding politically suspicious migrants from Donbas. They also excuse the state from making any structural adjustments or battling corruption as inadequate social protection can be replaced with foreign aid
Global Value Chains in EU Law
No full textThere is a burgeoning legal literature about the legal underpinnings of global value chains (GVCs). This article contributes to this literature through the lens of European Union (EU) law and proposes a different conceptual way to read GVCs legally. To that end, the contribution proposes understanding the evolving EU law on GVCs as a process of institutionalization leading to at least three legal forms. In EU company law, GVCs manifest actor-centrically as corporate obligations to govern the value chain. This mostly happens in the policies related to sustainability, but also features in some digitalization policies. In EU consumer law, the value chain appears as a collective network of actors that also bears collective responsibility towards the consumer for the production process. Moreover, in EU market practices and trade law, the value chain is approached in a de-personified manner by, on the one hand, targeting products relating to the territory (import/internal market access) and, on the other hand, trading practices in relations characterised by power asymmetry. These findings suggests that, rather than identifying a uniform legal concept of GVCs in EU law, a fragmented picture emerges in which different sub-areas of EU law develop different, partly even opposing, legal understandings of GVCs
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