1,488 research outputs found
Synthesis and characterization of difunctional blue fight-emitting molecules containing hole-transporting triphenylamino units
No full textThe synthesis of new difunctional (i.e., light-emitting and hole-transporting) fluorophore molecules. 2.2'-difuryl-4.4'. (N,N,N',N' tetraphenyl)diaminobiphenyl) and-5,5'-bis(4-N,N' -diphenylaminophenyl)-2,2'-bifuryl, which contain hole transporting triphenylamino units, are reported. These difunctional molecules emit intense blue photoluminescence and further reveal high HOMO energy values as well as high glass transition temperatures. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.X111214sciescopu
Structural details and digital memory performances of difluorene-containing diblock copolymers in nanoscale thin films
No full textAmphiphilic poly(4-di(9,9-dihexylfluoren-2-yl)styrene)-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine)s (PStFl2(m)-b-P2VP(n)) in two different compositions and their homopolymers were synthesized: PStFl2(11)-b-P2VP(89) (50/50, volume ratio), PStFl2(12)-b-P2VP(33) (75/25), PStFl2, and P2VP. They were thermally stable up to around 350 degrees C. In nanoscale thin films, the diblock copolymers exhibited various phase-separated nanostructures depending on the composition and film process condition: random two phases, horizontal hexagonal P2VP cylinders, and hexagonally-close packed (HCP) P2VP spheres. Surprisingly, the hexagonal cylinder and HCP sphere structures are quite different from those of common diblock copolymers with similar compositions. The structural details of these thin film morphologies were investigated by synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray scattering. The thin film morphologies were found to make influences on the electrical memory performances of the polymers. In particular, the switching-ON voltage was influenced by the nanostructures and the film layer thickness as well as by the composition. Overall, the diblock copolymer films demonstrated excellent p-type permanent digital memory behaviors with unipolarity, long retention time, high ON/OFF current ratio and low power consumption. These memory behaviors were governed by a trap-limited space charge limited conduction mechanism combined with ohmic conduction and a hopping process. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.1134sciescopu
Self-Assembly and Digital Memory Characteristics of an Oxadiazole-Containing Brush Polymer in Nanoscale Thin Films
No full textThe self-assembly characteristics in nanoscale thin films and digital memory behaviors of poly(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl-[1,1'-biphenyl]carboxyloxy-n-nonyl acrylate), a well-defined brush polymer bearing oxadiazole moieties, were investigated. The synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray scattering analysis found that the brush polymer molecules in thin films always formed a multibilayer structure consisting of fully extended backbone and bristle conformations. In the structure, the bristles were interdigitated in part; In particular, the oxadiazole containing mesogens were fully interdigitated via the pi-pi interaction of the biphenyl linkers. The multibilayer structured film undergoes three phase transitions (glass, melting, and liquid crystal-to-isotropic transitions) below the degradation temperature of 350 degrees C. The film's overall crystallinity, as well as the orientation of the multibilayer structure was found to depend on the film formation process conditions. While the as-cast films had a relatively low crystallinity and formed a vertical multibilayer structure with a broad orientation distribution, the thermally annealed films had a high crystallinity and formed an almost perfect horizontally oriented multibilayer structure. These different morphologies led different digital memory modes in devices; the as-cast films revealed volatile memory behavior, whereas the thermally annealed films showed permanent memory characteristics. These memory modes originated from the oxadiazole moieties in the two different film morphologies. The memory modes were demonstrated for the polymer films in the thickness range 5-50 nm.ungraded1133sciescopu
Comprehensive synchrotron grazing-incidence X-ray scattering analysis of nanostructures in porous polymethylsilsesquioxane dielectric thin films
No full textA complete grazing-incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) formula has been derived for nanopores buried in a polymer dielectric thin film supported by a substrate. Using the full power of the scattering formula, GIXS data from nanoporous polymethylsilsesquioxane dielectric thin films, a model nanoporous system, have successfully been analysed. The nanopores were found to be spherical and to have a certain degree of size distribution but were randomly dispersed in the film. In the film, GIXS was confirmed to arise predominantly via the first scattering process in which the incident X-ray beam scatters without reflection; the other scattering processes and their contributions were significantly dependent on the grazing angle. This study also confirmed that GIXS scattering can be analysed using only independent scattering terms, but this simple approach can only provide structural parameters. The cross terms were found to make a relatively small contribution to the intensity of the overall scattering but were required for the complete characterization of the measured two-dimensional scattering data, in particular the extracted out-of-plane scattering data, and their inclusion in the analysis enabled film properties such as film thickness, critical angle (i.e. electron density), refractive index and the absorption term to be determined.open111818sciescopu
Low-temperature synthesis of Eu-doped cubic phase BaAl2S4 blue phosphor using liquid-phase reaction
No full textA Eu-doped BaAl2S4 phosphor was synthesized by a liquid-phase reaction using BaS, EuS, Al, and S, where Al acts as a liquid source during the reaction, instead of Al2S3. The synthetic temperature of the cubic BaAl2S4 phase could be reduced to as low as 660 C, considerably lower than that required for a phosphor synthesized via a solid-state reaction using BaS, EuS, and Al2S3. The cubic BaAl2S4:Eu phosphor synthesized using the liquid phase showed larger grains and higher crystallinity. The photoluminescence of the cubic BaAl2S4: Eu phosphor showed a blue emission centered at 470 nm with a CIE color coordinate at x = 0.12, y = 0.11. In addition to well-defined blue color, the PL intensity was doubled relative to the solid-state reaction case. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society
Cooperative, Selective Self-Assembly Behaviors of Diblock Copolypeptides in Nanoscale Thin Films
No full textA series of diblock copolypeptides with various compositions (PBLG(m)-b-PBCLn) was synthesized through the living ring-opening polymerizations of gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate and epsilon-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-lysine N-carboxyanhydrides with the aid of a nickel catalyst system. They were found to be stable up to around 150 degrees C and easily processable. Their chain conformations and morphologies in nanoscale thin films were characterized in detail by using infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and in situ synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray scattering. In particular, quantitative X-ray scattering analysis was used to provide for the first time the morphological structures and orientation details of the diblock copolypeptides in thin films. Fibrils are present in the thin films of the copolypeptides; interestingly, the films are composed of two different rotationally isomeric hexagonally (HEX) packed cylinder structures that are preferentially oriented in the film plane. Further, the HEX structures consist of two substructural block units: one consisting of PBLG block chain cylinders and the other consisting of PBCL block chain cylinders. The block chains in the substructural units were found to interdigitate partially via the side groups. Thus the cylinders' interdigitation takes place selectively between block chains of the same kind rather than between different kinds of block chains. It was also confirmed that this high interdigitation selectivity occurs in the blend films of the homopolypeptides. These results show that in diblock copolypeptide films such selective interdigitation can override any thermodynamic penalties associated with the high chain rigidity due to the alpha-helical conformation and the effects of confinement in the connected diblock architecture, which leads to phase separation and the formation of well-defined, integrated HEX cylinder structures. These cooperatively and selectively formed HEX cylinder structures were found to be stable up to the degradation temperature. Molecular structure models are presented for the copolypeptide thin films as well as for the homopolypeptide blend films.open1188sciescopu
Mardi 5 avril : «Adaptation et importation d’un framework TEI dans la version web d’oXygen (oXygen XML Web Author)»
No full textDe 9h30 à 13h, en salle 1027 du Centre Blaise Pascal, Site Monod de l’ENS de Lyon Retour sur la création de Frameworks pour oXygen de l’atelier précédent : Nous avons vu la dernière fois comment stocker notre framework (canevas TEI) dans un « projet » oXygen présent localement sur notre ordinateur. Nous verrons cette fois-ci comme compacter ce canevas dans un framework externe partageable. Ceux/ celles qui auront eu le temps de tester la personnalisation du framework/canevas chez eux/elles ..
유럽연합 (EU) 일반데이터보호규칙(GDPR)이 중소기업에 미치는 영향 분석
No full text학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 국제대학원 국제학과(국제통상전공), 2019. 2. Ahn, Dukgeun.기술이 일상생활의 모든 측면을 장악하고 있는 세계에서 정부는 모든 혜택을 주장하기 위한 변화를 따라잡기 위해 고군분투하고 있다. 그 신문은 무역 환경의 디지털 측면, 기존의 장벽, 그리고 그것이 중소기업에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사할 것이다. EU 정책과 그 의제인 2020, 특히 GDPR은 인권 보호, 보안 및 전자상거래 관리에 있어 "혁명적" 성과로 알려져 있다.
데이터 흐름을 규제하기 위해 EU는 국경을 넘어 유럽연합 회원국 외부의 데이터 전송을 제한했다. 전 세계 12개국만이 EU 데이터 보호 표준을 준수하는 것으로 확인되었다.
이 논문은 새로운 규정의 긍정적인 영향과 부정적인 영향을 분석하고 유럽연합 정책 입안자들의 데이터 지역화 방법의 도움으로 디지털 무역을 규제하려는 시도가 건전하고 안전한 디지털 무역 환경을 조성하는 데 효과적일 수 있는지에 대한 질문에 답하고자 한다.
논문은 대기업의 경우를 조사하지 않을 것이다. 후발적인 경우를 제외하고, 그러한 기업들은 더 큰 규모의 금융 및 다른 장점 때문에 무역 장벽을 극복하는 것이 더 쉽다고 생각하기 때문이다. 대기업들은 이미 비교우위가 있기 때문에 디지털 무역에서 더 적은 문제에 직면할 것이다. 특히 선진국에 기반을 둔 회사들이다. 이 논문의 말미에, 우리는 유럽 중소기업의 중추적인 역할을 하는 한 특정한 소매 산업에 주의를 기울이려고 노력할 것이다. 80만 명 이상의 대표자들이 있다.In the world where technology is taking over every aspect of a daily life governments struggle to keep up with the changes to claim all the benefits, the internet can bring. The paper will be looking into the digital aspects of the trade environment, existing barriers and the impact it has on SMEs. The focus will be placed on EU policies and its agenda 2020, particularly The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which is said to be a revolutionary achievement in human rights protection, security and managing e-commerce.
In order to regulate data flows EU has gone beyond its borders and restricts transfers of data outside the EU member states. Only 12 countries in the world were identified to be meeting the EU data protection standards.
The paper tries to break down the positive and negative impact of new regulations and answer the question if the EU policymakers attempt to regulate digital trade with the help of data localization methods can be efficient to create a healthy and safe digital trade environment.
The paper will not be looking into the case of large enterprises, as apart from rear cases such enterprises find it easier to overcome barriers in trade, due to the larger scale of financial and other advantages they hold. Large business organizations face fewer problems in the digital trade as they already have a comparative advantage, especially companies based in developed regions. At the end of the paper, we will attempt to pay attention to one particular retail industry, which remains to be the backbone of the European SMEs, with over 800,000 representatives.Introduction 1
1. Digitalization of trade: What does it mean? 1
2. Why is it so important? (3 ways how digitalization changes trade) 3
2.1. Trade in digital goods and services 5
2.2. Digital wrappers - moving physical goods around the globe 7
2.3. Digital platforms 8
The economic cost of digital trade and data localization 9
1. Digital Trade 9
2. Data Localization 11
SMEs in a virtual world 14
1. Stumbling upon the localized data barrier 14
2. Breaking down digitalization in the case of SMEs 16
Digital Trade in EU 20
1. Regulations as barriers 21
2. EU governing digital trade 22
3. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 26
4. GDPR and its implications on SMEs 28
5. GDPR reshaping business strategy and marketing tactics 33
Will the retail sector benefit from the GDPR? 35
1. Identifying consumer request and filtering personal data 36
Conclusion 39
References 41
Appendix 44Maste
Assessment of Relative Accuracy of AHN-2 Laser Scanning Data Using Planar Features
No full textAHN-2 is the second part of the Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland project, which concerns the acquisition of high-resolution altimetry data over the entire Netherlands using airborne laser scanning. The accuracy assessment of laser altimetry data usually relies on comparing corresponding tie elements, often points or lines, in the overlapping strips. This paper proposes a new approach to strip adjustment and accuracy assessment of AHN-2 data by using planar features. In the proposed approach a transformation is estimated between two overlapping strips by minimizing the distances between points in one strip and their corresponding planes in the other. The planes and the corresponding points are extracted in an automated segmentation process. The point-to-plane distances are used as observables in an estimation model, whereby the parameters of a transformation between the two strips and their associated quality measures are estimated. We demonstrate the performance of the method for the accuracy assessment of the AHN-2 dataset over Zeeland province of The Netherlands. The results show vertical offsets of up to 4 cm between the overlapping strips, and horizontal offsets ranging from 2 cm to 34 cm.Optical and Laser Remote SensingAerospace Engineerin
Application of Advanced Technologies for CO2 Capture from Industrial Sources
No full textThe great majority of the research on CO2 capture worldwide is today devoted to the integration of new technologies in power plants, which are responsible for about 80% of the worldwide CO2 emission from large stationary sources. The remaining 20% are emitted from industrial sources, mainly cement production plants (∼7% of the total emission), refineries (∼6%) and iron and steel industry (∼5%). Despite their lower overall contribution, the CO2 concentration in flue gas and the average emission per source can be higher than in power plants. Therefore, application of CO2 capture processes on these sources can be more effective and can lead to competitive cost of the CO2 avoided with respect to power plants. Furthermore, industrial CO2 capture could be an important early-opportunity application, or a facilitate demonstration of capture technology at a relative small scale or in a side stream.This paper results from a collaborative activity carried out within the Joint Programme on Carbon Capture and Storage of the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA CCS-JP) and aims at investigating the potentiality of new CO2 technologies in the application on the major industrial emitters
- …
