65 research outputs found
The prevalence of and factors associated with current smoking among College of Health Sciences students, Mekelle University in northern Ethiopia.
No full textTobacco smoking is one of the greatest causes of preventable morbidity and mortality globally, and is responsible for many causes of untimely deaths. This survey was aimed to determine prevalence and factors associated with current smoking among the students of College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia.A cross-sectional study was employed using a structured self-administered questionnaire among College of Health Sciences students in March 2013. A stratified random sampling method was employed to select study participants. Data were entered and analysed using of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.Of the 193 students, 57 (29.5%) of the students were current smokers. Most of the current smokers (89.4%) smoked between 1-10 sticks of cigarette per day. The two main reasons cited for smoking cigarettes were peer pressure (43.9%) and to relieve stress (36.8%). Being female (adjusted OR [AOR] = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.95) and Tigre by ethnicity (AOR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.74) were significantly less associated with current smoking. On the other hand, being second year students (AOR = 3.84; 95% CI: 1.41, 10.46), khat chewing (AOR = 8.36; 95% CI: 2.60, 26.85) and taking illicit drugs (AOR = 10.59; 95% CI: 2.77, 40.51) were positively associated with current smoking cigarettes.The current smoking prevalence among students in College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University is high and therefore, effective smoking prevention and cessation intervention programs are required to reduce smoking among university students
Caregiver-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV infected children in Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Barley Locally Grown for Brewing and ItâÂÂs Malt in Ethiopia
No full textInternational audienceThe concentration of some heavy metals was determined in barley locally grown for brewing and its malt in Ethiopia. The samples were digested in nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, and analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry equipped with deuterium arc background corrector. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn in barley, and the levels of Cu, Mn and Zn in malt were above the maximum permissible limits in cereal grains set by Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization except Cd in barley grains from West Arsi Zone. Even though Cd and Pb were found in barley grains, they were below the limits of detection in malt. The result of the survey confirmed that the Cd and Pb content in locally malted barley do not pose a risk to consumers' health though the bio-important metals could do. However, the levels of heavy metals in locally grown barley and its malt need to be regularly monitored
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Locally Produced Beer to the Population in Ethiopia
No full textInternational audienceDifferent beer brands produced in Ethiopia were surveyed for the presence of Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn. The samples were digested in nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, and analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry equipped with deuterium arc background corrector. The mean concentrations of metals in beer were as follows: Cd, 0.0014 mg/l; Cu, 0.0368 mg/l; Mn, 0.0954 mg/l; Pb, 0.006 mg/l; Zn, 1.5206 mg/l. The estimated daily intakes were calculated based on Ethiopian annual per capita beer consumption of 8.75 liters. The mean intakes of Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn through beer were estimated to be 0.0006, 0.0232, 0.0024, 0.0378 and 0.6076 μg/kg bw/day, respectively. The risk assessment of mean levels indicated that health risk associated with these heavy metals through consumption of beer was absent
Non-Adherence to Anti-TB Drugs and Its Predictors among TB/HIV Co- Infected Patients in Mekelle, Ethiopia
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Non-adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment in TB/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfected patients greatly affect treatment outcome. It can lead to an increased risk of drug resistance which is difficult to treat and contribute to increased mortality. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with non-adherence to anti-TB drugs among TB/HIV co-infected patients in Mekelle, Ethiopia. Methods: A health institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in Mekelle from March to April 2013. Consecutive sampling was used to select respondents. Data were collected with the help of a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Results: The prevalence of non-adherence to anti-TB medications among TB/HIV co-infected patients was 55.8% in a 5-day period prior to the interview. From logistic regression models, patients who had no caregivers (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=3.73, 95% CI=1.15-12.11) and people to remind them to take their medications (AOR=11.15, 95% CI=1.66-74.91) were more likely to be non-adherent. The major reasons cited for missing medicines were forgetting to take medications, felt sick when take the medications and far away from health facilities. Conclusions: The prevalence of non-adherence was high. TB/HIV co-infected patients should be targeted with interventions to improve medication adherence, particularly by supporting them to continue their treatment
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Locally Produced Beer to the Population in Ethiopia
No full textSelf-medication practices in Mekelle, Ethiopia.
No full textBACKGROUND: Self-medication makes consumers more health conscious, reduces treatment burden on healthcare facilities and curtails the cost and time of obtaining access to treatment. However, it increases risks such as drug resistance, adverse drug reactions, incorrect diagnosis, drug interactions and polypharmacy. The purpose of this study was to assess the practices and factors associated with self-medication in Mekelle, Tigray region, Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Mekelle from February to March 2013. A structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection to assess self-medication practices. Data were analyzed using of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. RESULTS: Among self-medicated study participants, 199(73.7%) were males and 71(26.3%) were females with mean age of 28.65 years. The most frequently reported illnesses or symptoms of illnesses that prompted self-medication of study participants were headache/fever (20.7%), gastrointestinal diseases (17.3%) and respiratory tract infections (15.9%) with the main reasons being mildness of the disease, prior experience and less expensive. The majority of drug consumers made their requests by telling their symptoms, by mentioning specific names of the drugs and by showing old samples. Analgesics/antipyretics, gastrointestinal drugs, respiratory drugs and oral rehydration salt were the most frequently requested categories of drugs. Pharmacists followed by other healthcare providers were the most frequently reported source of drug information for self-medication. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrated that self-medication practices were common for a wide range of illnesses. Health professionals, especially community pharmacists need to educate people on the benefits and risks of self-medication to encourage responsible self-medication
Sociodemographic factors associated with current smoking among CHS Students, March 2013.
No full text<p>COR = Crude Odds Ratio, AOR = Adjusted OR, CI = Confidence Interval, Exchange rate: 1 USD = 18.8 Ethiopian Birr (ETB), <b><sup>¶</sup></b>Adjusted for gender, ethnic group and year of study.</p><p>Sociodemographic factors associated with current smoking among CHS Students, March 2013.</p
Magnitude of Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia
No full textTamirat Ersino Kebamo,1 Abinet Tantu Kombe,1 Temesgen Eticha,1 Mesay Arkew,2 Getachew Nigussie Bolado,3 Tadele Lankrew Ayalew,3 Kassahun Haile,4 Getachew Alemu Walano1 1School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia; 2School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; 3School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia; 4School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Tamirat Ersino Kebamo, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, P.O. Box: 138, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia, Tel +251919675172, Email [email protected]: Maternal red cell alloimmunization occurs when a woman’s immune system becomes sensitive to unfamiliar red blood cell antigens. This leads to the production of alloantibodies, which can have serious implications for the fetus and newborn. However, there is a lack of comprehensive information about the extent of red cell alloimmunization in underdeveloped countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of red cell alloimmunization among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from September 01 to November 30, 2022.Methods: In this institutional-based cross-sectional study, 422 pregnant women were participated and recruited using a systematic random sampling technique. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history, and other clinical information were collected using structured questionnaires through face-to-face interview. Blood grouping and indirect antihuman globulin tests were performed. The relationship between red cell alloimmunization and the independent variables was determined using the chi-square test. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistical significance.Results: In this study, the blood group distributions among the participants were as follows: O, 177 (41.9%); A, 124 (29.4%); B, 76 (18%); and AB, 45 (3.86%). Among the pregnant women included in the study, a total of 51 (12.08%) were identified as RhD-negative. Out of these RhD-negative women, 5 (9.8%) were found to have developed alloimmunization with red blood cell antigens. Miscarriage and post-partum hemorrhage were found to be important factors associated with the occurrence of red cell alloimmunization in these women.Conclusion: This study showed that one out of ten pregnant women was alloimmunized. Therefore, antenatal blood grouping and indirect antihuman globulin screening should be performed routinely to manage and minimize the undesirable outcomes of alloimmunization during pregnancy.Keywords: alloimmunization, pregnant women, indirect antihuman globulin tes
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