131,907 research outputs found
PUBLIC R&D INVESTMENT FROM PRIVATE AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE. AN APPLICATION TO ITALIAN AGRICULTURE, 1960-1995
No full textPublic R&D stock is considered as quasi-fixed input in a variable cost function. Its shadow price allows to measure the long run optimal level thus explicitly assessing the hypothesis of under (over) investment. Two alternative R&D prices are defined depending on whether the social or private (farmers) view prevails. The results under these alternatives provide evidence on the hypothesis that free-riding on public R&D explain overinvestment. The application to the Italian agriculture (1960-1995) suggests overinvestment in public research since the late seventies with a significant difference between the social and private optimal R&D, the former being much closer to the observed level.Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,
Le dinamiche del rurale. Letture del caso italiano
No full textContenente: a) ESPOSTI R. e Sotte F., Introduzione, 9-20. b) ESPOSTI R., Crescita, disoccupazione, e cambiamento strutturale: convergenza economica e aree rurali, 83-108. c) ESPOSTI R., e Berloni, D., Contiguità spaziale, migrazione e produttività: una analisi provinciale della dimensione rurale, 159-177
Why Should Regional Agricultural Productivity Growth Converge? Evidence from Italian Regions
No full textThe paper analyses agricultural TFP growth across Italian regions during the 1952-2002 period, and aims at identifying those factors that favour or hinder regional agricultural TFP growth convergence. Of major relevance is whether regions, despite their inescapable heterogeneity, tend to share common technological improvements, that is, to move along the same productivity growth rate. TFP growth decomposition ultimately allows attributing observed productivity performance to convergence and divergence forces. Appropriate testing and estimation procedures are adopted to take into account panel unit-root issues and cross-sectional dependence.TFP growth, Convergence, Panel Data, Productivity Analysis,
Public R&D Investment and Cost Behaviour in Italian Agriculture: 1960-1995.
No full textThe public R&D capital stock is introduced as a quasi-fixed input in a variable cost function. The relative shadow price allows the correct measurement of the equilibrium levels of quasi-fixed inputs thus explicitly assessing the hypothesis of public R&D under (over) investment. By introducing an appropriate R&D price in the long-run equilibrium, the model can also provide empirical evidence on the rationale driving public R&D investment and on the hypothesis that free-riding on public R&D can explain overinvestment. Moreover, the model allows a formal testing of the induced innovation hypothesis and a more accurate calculation of both internal rate of return to R&D and residual exogenous productivity growth. The empirical implications of the model are appraised in the case of Italian agriculture for the period 1960-1995.Public Economics,
Price, private demand and optimal provision of public R&D investment: An application to Italian agriculture, 1960–1995
No full textPublic agricultural R&D, Variable cost function, R&D price, Q160, O300,
The determinants of the public cofinancing rate for applied R&D: an empirical assessment on agricultural projects in an Italian region
No full textThis paper empirically analyzes how a public institution chooses the cofinancing rate in funding competitive applied agricultural research projects. The public funding institution observes some objective features of the selected projects and of the proponents. The paper puts forward some testable hypotheses about how the funding institution uses this available information to decide the cofinancing rate. An empirical model is then specified and estimated to test these hypotheses. The empirical application refers to the real case of the agricultural R&D program funded by an Italian region (Emilia-Romagna) over years 2001–2006. Results suggest that the cofinancing rate actually responds to the observed features but this response does not always follow the formulated hypotheses
Scelte residenziali e delimitazione spaziale dei mercati locali del lavoro. Una applicazione alla Regione Marche
No full textBuilding the Knowledge Stock: Lags, Depreciation, and Uncertainty in R&D Investment and Link with Productivity Growth
No full textThe search for an appropriate methodology to investigate the relation between R&D investment,
knowledge stock and productivity growth is the main purpose of the paper. In
analogy with physical assets, we present a model of knowledge capital formation which
allows the calculation of the relevant user cost, as well. The proposed model accumulates
R&D investment based on a stochastic gestation lag and a geometric depreciation
of the stock. The basic parameters underlying the lag structure differ according to the
types of research expenditure. The approach is applied to public R&D investment in
Italian agriculture; the results provide interesting information about the economic structure
of public research effort in Italian agriculture and plausible estimates of its internal rate
of return
Public R&D investment and cost structure in Italian agriculture, 1960-1995
No full textThis paper deals with the role of public research in Italian agriculture during the period
1960–1995. A short-run Generalised Leontief cost function capable of accommodating
quasi-fixed factors and variable returns is used. Temporary equilibrium and scale
economies are investigated with special emphasis on the methodological implications
of R&D stock and the consistency of the estimated model with microeconomic theory.
Comparing the relevant shadow and rental price provides evidence on under- (over)-
investment and the rationale driving public research expenditure in agriculture. A
formal test of the induced innovation hypothesis and the calculation of the internal
rate of returns are also presented
Indoor Environments
No full textIndoor propagation characteristics in the THz band (0.1–10 THz) are reviewed in the present chapter with focus on the impact of major propagation mechanisms such as partition loss, reflection, and diffuse scattering. The most important propagation and channel modeling approaches are presented and discussed, including empirical-statistical approaches, stochastic channel modeling, and deterministic approaches based on ray tracing
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