1,721,305 research outputs found
I Papiri del De Corona di Demostene. Storia e critica del testo
Full text linkQuesto lavoro di dottorato è lo sviluppo di una ricerca di tesi triennale condotta sui papiri con passi dell’orazione Sulla Corona di Demostene. Lo studio del testo demostenico, in virtù della grande quantità di papiri e pergamene riemersi dalle sabbie egiziane, rappresenta un’ottima palestra di studio. In particolar modo, l’analisi dei testimoni della diciottesima orazione, quella meglio attestata, permette di far luce sulla circolazione e sulla fruizione di un classico della letteratura greca e di un capolavoro dell’arte oratoria.
Il numero dei reperti editi, che nel progetto iniziale ammontava a 24, è salito oggi a 29. A questi frammenti di tradizione diretta, si affiancano 3 papiri di tradizione indiretta.
L’analisi dei testimoni demostenici è stata condotta seguendo un preciso modello. Di ogni reperto si forniscono le informazioni riguardanti la provenienza, il luogo di conservazione, l’editio princeps, le edizioni successive, le riproduzioni disponibili, le informazioni bibliografiche e le dimensioni (in centimetri, secondo la formula base x altezza).
Di seguito sono affrontati i principali aspetti riguardanti la facies materiale dei reperti: bibliologia o codicologia, layout del testo, ipotesi di ricostruzione del rotolo o del codice, utilizzo di segni testuali e paratestuali.
Particolare attenzione è stata riservata all’analisi paleografica dei testimoni, con la descrizione dei tratti caratteristici della scrittura, la descrizione della morfologia delle lettere, i confronti con reperti comparabili e le proposte di datazione.
In ultimo, è analizzato il testo tràdito, con l’intento di evidenziare in primo luogo le lezioni singolari, poi gli accordi in lezione erronea e gli accordi in lezione genuina, sia con la tradizione medievale, che con quella indiretta.
Segue la trascrizione semi-diplomatica della porzione di testo riportata dai frammenti.
L’ultima sezione, infine, è dedicata alla descrizione delle tracce di lettere poco visibili, o distinguibili solo parzialmente. Qui, inoltre, si discutono le singole lezioni, sulla base del confronto con i principali manoscritti, e si valuta la genuinità delle lectiones singulares del papiro.
Alla disamina dei testimoni di tradizione indiretta è dedicata la prima appendice. In generale si rimanda a studi pregressi per gli aspetti materiali dei frammenti. Nella trascrizione del testo è stata estrapolata solo la sezione in cui si citi o si menzioni il De Corona. Nondimeno, questi reperti di tradizione indiretta si dimostrano preziosi per i lemmi demostenici citati, per dimostrare l’antichità della conoscenza del testo dell’oratore in Egitto, o per fornire ulteriori elementi sulla modalità secondo la quale l’opera circolava.
L’appendice seconda, invece, è dedicata a un breve prospetto della tradizione medievale, con particolare attenzione ai capostipiti delle quattro recensioni su cui si fonda la tradizione manoscritta di Demostene.
Lo studio dei reperti è stato condotto su immagini ad alta risoluzione, fornite dai rispettivi Istituti in cui i papiri sono conservati.
Per i seguenti reperti è stata effettuata una revisione autoptica: P.Ryl. I 59 (1), P.Berol. inv. 11906 (2), P.Köln I 15 (3), PSI XIV 1395 (7), P.Köln VIII 334 (8), PSI XVI 1602 (9), P.Ant. I 27 (11), P.Mil.Vogl. I 12 (16), P.Ryl. I 57 (17), P.Paramone 2 (18), P.Haun. I 5 (22), P.Oxy. XLII 3009 (23), P.Köln XIII 498 (25), P.Med. I 16 (26), P.Ryl. I 58 (28).
L’edizione critica di riferimento è quella oxoniense di DILTS 2002. La valutazione delle singole lezioni, tuttavia, è stata condotta considerando in ogni singolo caso il testo e l’apparato di più edizioni critiche, talvolta datate, ma ancora preziose per la grande quantità di note di commento riportate e per l’ampio numero di manoscritti presi in esame; le principali edizioni consultate sono: BEKKER 1824, DISSEN 1837, DINDORF 1846, DINDORF 1849, VOEMEL 1862, WEIL 1877, BLASS 1885, GOODWIN 1901, BUTCHER 1903, FUHR 1914, MATHIEU 1958, CANFORA 2000, YUNIS 2001.
Il testo demostenico, inoltre, quando possibile, è stato collazionato sui principali manoscritti, grazie alle immagini ad alta definizione fornite dalle rispettive Biblioteche, o, nei casi più fortunati, grazie a una apposita revisione autoptica. Questa è stata possibile per i seguenti codici: Paris. gr. 2934 (S), Monac. gr. 485 (A), Marc. gr. 416 (F), Paris. gr. 2935 (Y), Marc. gr. 418 (Q), Laur. conv. soppr. 136 (Ft); Ambros. C 235 inf. (Af), Urbinas gr. 113 (U), Vat. gr. 68 (Vb), Palat. gr. 104 (vd), Palat. gr. 113 (ve), Palat. gr. 142 (vf), Palat. gr. 193 (= Pii II 19) (vh), Barb. gr. 141 (Vz)
Self-help groups for women survivors of intimate partner violence: an Italian experience
No full textInternationally, Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a serious social problem whose extent is difficult to quantify,
being generally underestimated. In Italy, the only national survey on violence against women, dating back to
2007, highlighted that 14% of the women between 16 and 79 years living in Italy who are or have been in a relationship have experienced physical or sexual violence perpetrated by their current or previous partner. The
pervasiveness of this phenomenon is also reflected in the growing number of cases of femicide (134), and
attempted femicide (83) perpetrated by partners, spouses, or former partners during 2013.
In order to tackle this situation, feminist associations have been providing medical, psycho-social, and legal
support to the victims, for many years. Individual-centered interventions are fundamental in the early stages of
the process, when the woman is breaking the cycle of violence while starting to elaborate the feelings of pain,
loss, and impotence. Afterwards, the promotion of woman’s self-esteem and self-efficacy, the reconstruction
of her social network, the promotion of the access to community resources, and the development of relations
able to offer them various forms of social support become priority goals to achieve. In this view, it is useful to
promote forms of self help among survivors. Self-help groups allow women to break the social isolation to
which they have been confined, rebuild their social network, contextualize their experience in a wider sociopolitical
and cultural dimension, reduce their self-perception as “victims”, and promote the development of an
identity as “survivors”. Despite their potential, self-help groups are rare in Italy, while more common are the
support groups facilitated by a professional.
This contribution presents a self-help experience under way since January 2011 in an anti-violence service of
Rome. In addition to describing the experience and its transformation over time, the results of a collaborative
research developed with some group's members are illustrated. The research aimed at understanding
members’ subjective view of the self-help group process (along its longitudinal development), their
consideration of the efficacy factors; their perceptions of the self-help experience in terms of impacts on their
quality of life. To this end, members’ narratives were collected and analyzed through a thematic content
approach, focused not on the frequency of representative keywords or phrases, but on the emotional
significance of the narration, and its centrality in terms of meaning or identity. Some themes and sub-themes
were identified. The results confirmed our idea about the importance of promoting self-help contexts for
women who survived IPV. These contexts are effective in strengthening the women’s ability to overcome the
traumatic experience represented by the violence they have been subjected to while developing resiliency
(passing from “victims” to “survivors”). The sense of community fostered by the group makes members feel
stronger, safer, more confident, and, above all, not alone anymore. However, the results highlighted how selfhelp
strategies should always be integrated with individual multi-level interventions
A Homogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) method for the evaluation of HIV-1 integrase dimerization, enzyme reactions and interaction with LEDGF/p75
No full textThe Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase (IN) allows the integration of the double-stranded viral DNA, terminal product of reverse transcription, into the cellular chromatin. This process, in the context of the retroviral preintegration complex, is carried out in two spatially and temporally distinct chemical reactions, 3’ processing and DNA strand transfer. In the cytoplasm, IN binds the U3 and U5 ends of the viral DNA and processes their last two 3’ end nucleotides. After nuclear entry, IN uses the 3’-termini generated in the 3’ processing to integrate the viral DNA into the chromatin acceptor site. During nuclear entry, IN interacts with the lens epithelium-derived growth factor LEDGF/p75 through the IN catalytic core domain (CCD) interface cavity and the LEDGF/p75 C-terminal IN-binding domain (IBD). LEDGF/p75 promotes viral integration by tethering the preintegration complex to the chromatin. IN dimerization, enzyme reactions and its interaction with LEDGF/p75 are all essential for viral replication and are validated drug targets. Currently, development of compounds that have an allosteric mechanism of inhibition is a promising and innovative approach to inhibit HIV-1 replication. We have established a biochemical assay using Homogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) methodology that combines fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology (FRET) with time-resolved measurement (TR) to evaluate at the same time the inhibition of i) IN-IN dimerization, ii) IN catalytic reactions and iii) LEDGF-IN binding. In addition, we also established single assays to assess IN-IN subunit exchange, IN 3’ processing and/or strand transfer reactions, LEDGF-IN binding. Overall, we established a simple assay to identify small molecules that can act as allosteric IN inhibitors
Past and future. Current drugs targeting HIV-1 integrase and reverse transcriptase-associated ribonuclease H activity: single and dual active site inhibitors
No full textCatalytic HIV-1 integrase (IN) and Ribonuclease H (RNase H) domains belong to the polynucleotidyl transferases superfamily and are characterized by highly conserved motifs that coordinate two divalent Mg2+ cations and are attractive targets for new antiviral agents. Several structural features of both domains are now available. Drugs targeting the HIV-1 IN are currently approved for anti-HIV therapy, while no drug targeting the HIV-1 RNase H function is yet available. This review describes HIV-1 IN and the RNase H function and structures, compounds targeting their active sites and dual inhibition as a new approach for drug development
The Phoenicians who fly to Ithaca: discovering the potential of self-help through sourvivors’ narratives
No full textGender-based violence is invisible and underreported in most countries. In Italy, service providers indicate
that, with a spreading rate of 78%, violence in intimate relationships is the most widespread form of violence
that continues to affect women across the country. The pervasiveness of this phenomenon is reflected in the
growing number of victims of femicide. To contrast this situation, feminist groups and organizations for many
years have provided legal assistance, and medical, psychological, and social support to the victims. In a first
moment, interventions centered on the individual are privileged, while group interventions are generally
provided in more advanced stages. These groups are generally support groups where the women, in the
presence of a professional facilitator, can exchange and collectively elaborate their experiences. Self-help
groups are seldom used and evaluated in their effectiveness. Self-help groups may be useful contexts to
allow women who have experienced violence to break the social isolation to which have been reduced and
rebuild their social network, to contextualize their experience in a wider socio-political and cultural
dimension, to reduce their self-perception as ―victims‖ and promote the development of an identity of
―survivors‖. Self-help provides them with an opportunity to share, with other women with the same
experience, personal stories and strategies to deal with different critical situations. It is also a context that
allows the exchange of various forms of social support and promote an active role of the members as mutual
helpers. This contribution presents a self-help experience developed since January 2011 in an anti-violence
service of Rome. The effects of the self-help in terms of quality of life are analyzed through members‘
narratives. A reflection on the limits and the potential of the promotion of self-help contexts among women
survivors of violence in intimate relationships will be launched
From victims to survivors: narratives of self-help impact on women empowerment
No full textFrom victims to survivors: narratives about self-help impact on
women’s empowerment. Francesca Esposito, ISPA-IU;
Manuela Tomai, Department of Dynamic and Clinical
Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome; Pedro Alexandre
Costa, UIPES, ISPA-IU
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a conduct of coercion, physical
abuse, sexual abuse, threat and emotional abuse that takes place
in intimate relationships. IPV implies damages at physical,
psychological and existential levels, leading to a substantial
burden not only to the victim but also to society. In Italy, service
providers indicate that, with a spreading rate of 78%, IPV is the
most widespread form of violence that continues to affect women
throughout the country (DIRE, 2010). The continuum of violence
in intimate relationships is also reflected in the growing number
of victims of femicide perpetrated by partners, spouses or former
partners (UN, 2012). Despite the alarming data, IPV continues to
be socially underestimated in the context of a patriarchal society
where violence in intimate relationships is not always perceived
as a crime, and where the perception that State responses to the
problem are still not appropriate, still persists. This contribution
aims at presenting an on-going intervention experience in an antiviolence
service in the city of Rome (Italy). This intervention
started in January 2011, adopting a self-help strategy to promote
individual and collective empowerment of women survivors of
IPV. In this sense, self-help allowed women to rebuild their
social networks, to promote their access to community resources,
to develop relations able to provide them with various forms of
social support. Moreover, self-help made it possible for the
participants to turn their personal crisis into a social experience
contextualized in a wider socio-political and cultural dimension.
It also promoted the transition from individual narratives of
"victims" to a collective narrative of "survivors", that are active
protagonists of their own lives. Apart from the professional’s
reflection, space will be given in the contribution to the
survivors’ narratives on the self-help group experience and its
impact on their own lives
- …
