1,737,191 research outputs found
The Treatment of Restrictions and Financial Charges on Imports and Exports of Electricity under EU and International Law
No full textCross-border trade in electricity is rapidly expanding as a result of technical innovations, economic and geopolitical developments, and the ongoing decarbonisation of the electricity sector in response to climate change. The expansion of electricity networks and the integration of increasing shares of renewable energy (RE) electricity into the grid have made long-distance electricity flows both feasible and desirable. Drawing on the work of experts in trade and energy law and policy, and offering novel, multidisciplinary perspectives on the rapidly evolving landscape shaping international trade in electricity, this book examines the most important challenges - technical, economic, legal and policy-related - posed by long-distance and sustainable electricity trade. The book explores the regulatory implications of the policy instruments aimed at supporting RE electricity and considers how best to promote greater overall coherence in international electricity governance
Ortograf?a de la Lengua Espa?ola
No full textEste libro trata todo lo relacionado con la ortograf?a de la lengua espa?ola, fue elaborado por la propia Academia, por lo que su importancia es innegabl
Introduction and Overview
No full textCross-border trade in electricity is rapidly expanding as a result of technical innovations, economic and geopolitical developments, and the ongoing decarbonisation of the electricity sector in response to climate change. The expansion of electricity networks and the integration of increasing shares of renewable energy (RE) electricity into the grid have made long-distance electricity flows both feasible and desirable. Drawing on the work of experts in trade and energy law and policy, and offering novel, multidisciplinary perspectives on the rapidly evolving landscape shaping international trade in electricity, this book examines the most important challenges - technical, economic, legal and policy-related - posed by long-distance and sustainable electricity trade. The book explores the regulatory implications of the policy instruments aimed at supporting RE electricity and considers how best to promote greater overall coherence in international electricity governance
Laboratory study of forced rotating shallow water turbulence
No full textDuring the last three decades several authors have studied the appearance of multiple zonal jets in planetary atmospheres and in the Earths oceans. The appearance of zonal jets has been recovered in numerical simulations (Yoden & Yamada, 1993), laboratory experiments (Afanasyev & Wells, 2005; Espa et al., 2008, 2010) and in field measurements of the atmosphere of giant planets (Galperin et al., 2001). Recent studies have revealed the presence of zonation also in the Earths oceans, in fact zonal jets have been found in the outputs of Oceanic General Circulation Models-GCMs (Nakano & Hasumi, 2005) and from the analysis of satellite altimetry observations (Maximenko et al., 2005). In previous works (Espa et al., 2008, 2010) we have investigated the impact of the variation of the rotation rate and of the fluid depth on jets organization in decaying and forced regimes. In this work we show results from experiments performed in a bigger domain in which the fluid is forced continuously. The experimental set-up consists of a rotating tank (1m in diameter) where the initial distribution of vorticity has been generated via the Lorentz force in an electromagnetic cell. The latitudinal variation of the Coriolis parameter has been simulated by the parabolic profile assumed by the free surface of the rotating fluid. Flow measurements have been performed using an image analysis technique. Experiments have been performed changing the tank rotation rate and the fluid thickness. We have investigated the flow in terms of zonal and radial flow pattern, flow variability and jet scales
On the influence of a beta-effect on Lagrangian diffusion
No full textGeophysical turbulence is strongly influenced by the variation of the Coriolis force with latitude (beta-effect): when this effect is significant an anisotropic inverse cascade is developed since energy is preferentially transferred towards zonal modes. The consequent emergence of flow structures along the zonal direction can strongly impact turbulent transport and modify meridional scalar diffusion. In this letter we investigate zonal and meridional diffusion in laboratory experiments of turbulence affected by a b-effect. The degree of anisotropy and the flow characteristic scales have been quantified according to a Lagrangian approach based on the reconstruction of tracer trajectories, i.e., in analogy with oceanic drifters data, and on the Finite-Scale Lyapunov Exponent (FSLE) analysis. An experimental confirmation of a recently introduced scaling law for the meridional diffusion in the marginally zonostrophic regime is also presented. Citation: Lacorata, G., and S. Espa (2012), On the influence of a b-effect on Lagrangian diffusion, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L11605, doi:10.1029/2012GL051841
New raw materials dispute revives trade tensions between China and the US/EU
No full textA guest blog by Ilaria Espa on the International Economic Law and Policy Blo
Promoting Green Electricity through Differentiated Electricity Tax Schemes
No full textCross-border trade in electricity is rapidly expanding as a result of technical innovations, economic and geopolitical developments, and the ongoing decarbonisation of the electricity sector in response to climate change. The expansion of electricity networks and the integration of increasing shares of renewable energy (RE) electricity into the grid have made long-distance electricity flows both feasible and desirable. Drawing on the work of experts in trade and energy law and policy, and offering novel, multidisciplinary perspectives on the rapidly evolving landscape shaping international trade in electricity, this book examines the most important challenges - technical, economic, legal and policy-related - posed by long-distance and sustainable electricity trade. The book explores the regulatory implications of the policy instruments aimed at supporting RE electricity and considers how best to promote greater overall coherence in international electricity governance
Estatutos
No full textPrecede al tit.: Universidad del Episcopado Espa\uf1ol.Copia digital. Salamanca: Universidad Pontificia, 201
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