139,772 research outputs found
An existentialist victimology of genocide?
Full text linkVictimology is developing increasingly more understanding of genocide, considering different perspectives, such as, but not limited to, sociological, psychological, and cultural approaches. Nevertheless, the existential perspective on genocide has hardly been integrated into victimological explorations of genocide. This contribution will consider existentialism as a useful paradigm for victimology to frame genocide as an existential act. It will be argued that victimology ought to explore several key existential dimensions of genocide by looking at survival of nothingness, the human origin of genocide, and the devastating effects of genocide laws and regulations to shape a new understanding of genocidal victimhood. In doing so, this chapter shall consider the strong yet long denied link between existentialism, victimology, and genocide. Then it will review to which extent genocide is existential destruction and its consequences for surviving such destruction, followed by a critical consideration of the politico-legal concept of genocide. The chapter will conclude by suggesting (genealogical) ways towards an existentialist victimology of genocide
Customer is king: promoting port policing, supporting hypercommercialism
No full textThis ethnography of everyday policing realities in the European ports of Rotterdam and Hamburg presents an understanding of policing spaces where protecting and supporting global commerce dominate (Eski 2016a). In undertaking this research, I participated in the daily activities of 85 participants in Rotterdam (N = 52) and Hamburg (N = 33), consisting of 30 operational port police officers, 31 security officers, 10 customs officers and 14 others involved in port security-related matters (e.g. shipping agents, port authorities, boatmen and maritime engineers). These participants were collectively responsible for protecting the vulnerability of the just-in-time logistics by becoming the intervention, through which they become the very local threat to global commerce itself. In their policing struggles with management, colleagues and multiagency partners, as well as with the maritime business community and dangerous others (Hudson 2009), they are fighting a (silent) fight against having to appear to police for commercialism. However, they merely promote port policing without feeling they actually support the flow of global commerce. Frontline staff that deals with profile-raising port policing and what kind of (resistant) attitudes results from it, may deliver a new (method of studying ethnographically) hope against neoliberal policing, from within
A Criminological Biography of an Arms Dealer
No full textFor many arms dealers are evil. They are the root cause for gun violence, terrorism and wars. In both public and academic debates, arms dealers are considered immoral as they profit from conflict, due to their key position in the international arms trading business. Nevertheless, there seems to be little to no interest in the personal lives of arms dealers. By having written a criminological biography of a legal arms dealer, Constantine (his pseudonymised name), Yarin Eski provides an in-depth understanding of an arms dealer. Seen through Constantine’s own eyes, the biography gives a deep insider-view of the arms trade, put in a wider socio-cultural context. In doing so, this book discusses Constantine’s childhood, family life, career choices and being an arms dealer. The biography will be methodologically embedded and advancing biographical writing in the field of criminology, while enriching the fields of ethnography, sociology, (critical) security studies, policing studies, war studies and international politics with a unique insight from within
The War on Meaninglessness: a Counter-terrorist Self through an Absent Terrorist Other
No full textThis contribution shall focus on post-9/11 port security, its policing actors and how their occupational, counter-terrorist identity is (re)established. The empirical context of this study is that of operational port police officers and security officers who construct port security in the ports of Rotterdam and Hamburg. Drawing from a multi-sited, ethnographic fieldwork study, specific attention is paid to how operational staff, employed in a highly securitized realm saturated with War on Terror governance, (re)establish their occupational identity through the terrorist other without having ever been confronted, face-to-face, with terrorism. Instead of fighting in a global War on Terror, and given the way they construe their identity through the terrorist other, they endure an everyday War on Meaninglessness
Dockers in Drugs: Policing the Illegal Drug Trade and Port Employee Corruption in the Port of Rotterdam
Full text linkThis contribution shall focus on corrupt Port of Rotterdam employees who fulfilled a role in the illegal drug trade by being involved in so-called rip-off cases. By ‘rip-off’ is meant the use of legitimate cargo and containers to hide bags of drugs, whereas the traditional rip-off consists of a buyer being deceived by a drug seller (e.g. purity of drugs is halved). To understand the reasons for their corruption, an in-depth qualitative thematic analysis of official police files took place in 2014. Although law enforcement agencies explain that port employees are solely financially motivated to assist in rip-offs, this study shows that their financial motivations are intertwined with social justifications construed by port employees during their interrogations. Their self-justifications are focused on illegitimately pursuing the legitimate goal of taking care of family, amplified by criminal seductions coming from colleagues. Implications for an evidence-based port policing aimed to police corrupt port employees, and with it, the illegal drug trade, shall be considered as well
Cultures and People of the Post 9-11 Port Securityscape
Full text linkIn criminological debates, explanations of post 9/11 fear and control warn for the rise of security obsessions in which civil rights and social welfare principles are endangered. In this study on port security, the author entered the social world behind port security, where antiterrorist maritime laws that are influenced by global xenophobic politics and populist media, push police officers, customs officers and security personnel to interact in a multi-agency in the space of the port to establish a secure environment. The key research question focuses on this multi-agency of port security. By giving face to the rather unknown port security community and it cultures, this paper provides a criminological understanding of those responsible for securing and policing “at the docks”. As will be argued, illustrated by of collected ethnographic data, the port security realm reveals how virtues of fearlessness, trust and wish to decontrol come paradoxically forward from cultures of fear and control
La Cimitarra del soldado musulmán
No full textAl 1er número precedeixen dues cartes del soldat musulmà al Agá de JenízarosEl soldat musulmà és Amurat-Eski-Tomai, apareix el nom en els núm. 1 i 8 i les inicials en el nº 2Suplement al núm.
Security Challenges in the Port of Koper: the Status Quo and Recommendations
No full textThe Port of Koper (Luka Koper) is a vital transport hub for Central and Southeast Europe. This paper shall provide a
closer look at the Port of Koper and its security. First, a historical overview and the geo-economic ambitions of the port
are presented, followed by a concise review of the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code; the Port
of Koper, like most global sea ports around the world, must comply with the ISPS Code. The Port of Koper’s security
governance will then be explored. Finally, an ethnographic study on port security in the Port of Rotterdam (Eski, 2015)
shall be discussed, leading to key recommendations for the Port of Koper in advancing its security. The Port of Koper aims to make security services responsible for specific port security tasks, through which multi-agency policing of the port is established, and by applying security technologies more intensively. The recommendations will point out that the Port of Koper must be aware of specific multi-agency policing-related challenges and how “the human element” might react to an increase in security technologies
A Web-Based Virtual Experiment in Material Science: Tensile Test Laboratory Application
No full textVirtual laboratories have a very important place for distant education which has real applications of laboratory tests and experiment applications. It is fact that virtual laboratories necessity is inevitable because of the requirements of materials, place, staff and above all, time and financial requirements for establishment of real laboratories. The main concept of virtual laboratory is to replace real machines with their virtual simulations. Real investigative equipment is not often available for students, researchers, and practitioners as users in addition to their expensive costs in usage. Virtual laboratories are cheap and safe in use because all mistakes can be easily erased by web-based application or simulation reset without any consequences. Furthermore users can easily make many tests regardless of place in any time on the web. In this study AISI 4140 steel was used, since AISI 4140 steel is the most well-known type of steel used in industries. Tensile test of the steel was examined regarding to different tensile speeds. The study aimed to design the web-based virtual tensile test laboratory. The uniqueness of this study is generating an artificial neural network model by using the values of the material which is stressed in different speeds. Thanks to this model, intermediate speed values were predicted. Besides that, this model was used to design web-based virtual tensile test laboratory application. With the help of this application, users can easily realize the yield strength, ultimate strength and fracture strength on stress-strain diagram
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