484 research outputs found
Three essays in applied econometrics
No full textThis dissertation presents three essays which are linked by the use of econometric models to explain problems that are only explained descriptively in the literature. The first essay, statistically shows that a systematic measurement bias can significantly distort predictions obtained using an international accounting framework due to the sizable diversity of the parties involved in it. Once the measurement bias is taken into account, the average value gains on the US foreign asset and liability categories are estimated to be smaller, and no evidence is found on positive yield differential. The second essay estimates the value gains and the mismeasurement using data at multiple frequencies. The results show that positive sizable return differential is present after 2002. The third essay shows that the increasing availability of prescription opioids threatens sellers' profit margin since it is a close substitute for heroin and forces sellers to find alternative methods to compensate buyers in the case of a negative supply shock.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Emel Oylum Yildiri
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and DFT calculations of novel Schiff base containing thiophene ring
No full textWOS: 000425075900011In this study, a new Schiff base derivative, 2-[(2-hydroxy-5-thiophen-2-yl-benzylidene)-amino]-6-methyl-benzoic acid (5), which has a thiophene ring and N, O donor groups, was successfully prepared by the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxy-5-(thiophen-2-yl)benzaldehyde (3) and 2-amino-6-methylbenzoic acid (4). The characterization of a Schiff base derivative (5) was performed by experimentally the UV-Vis., FTIR, H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. Density Functional Theory (DFT/B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p)) calculations were used to examine the optimized molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, H-1 and C-13 NMR chemical shifts, UV-Vis. spectroscopic parameters, HOMO-LUMO energies and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) map of the compound (5) and the theoretical results were compared to the experimental data. In addition, the energetic behaviors such as the sum of electronic and thermal free energy (SETFE), atomic charges, dipole moment of the compound (5) in solvent media were investigated using the B3LYP method with the 6-311+G(d, p) basis set. The obtained experimental and theoretical results were found to be compatible with each other and they were supported the proposed molecular structure for the synthesized Schiff base derivative (5)Anadolu University Scientific Research Projects (BAP) [1705F213]; BAP [1102F027, 1304F064]; [1306F110]This study was supported by Anadolu University Scientific Research Projects (BAP) through project 1705F213. The author also gratefully thank to BAP for supporting Gaussian 09 and Gauss View 5.0 programs with the projects (Project No 1102F027 and 1304F064) and its financial support for Agilent DD2 NMR Spectrometer (Project No. 1306F110)
Assessment of implication of competitiveness on human development of countries through data envelopment analysis and cluster analysis
No full textFüsun Ülengin (Dogus Author) -- Özgür Kabak (Dogus Author) -- Şule Önsel (Dogus Author) -- Emel Aktaş (Dogus Author)Globalization speeds up competition among nations in various sectors. In terms of multinational and transnational phenomena, countries are seen as inescapable from competition, thus the linking of the term global with "competitiveness." The research described here explores the relationship between the competitiveness of a country and its implications for human development. For this purpose, using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and cluster analysis, 44 selected countries were evaluated. An output-oriented super-efficiency model where global competitiveness indicators are taken as input variables with human development indicators as output variables is utilized. Then cluster analysis depending on the competitiveness and human development indicators is conducted by using self-organizing maps to specify the development levels of the countries. Both analyses are repeated for years between 2005 and 2007. Finally, the relationship between the super efficiency scores and the development levels is analyzed
The Analysis of Conceptual Studies On Contemporary Ceramics Art in Light of Peter Osborne's Conceptual Art Initiative
No full textSanat olgusu ortaya çıktığı dönemden günümüze değin yapılan pek çok sanat eseriyle farklı nitelik ve yorumlar kazanarak gelişmiştir. Bu gelişmeler ve dönüşümler sonucunda 20.yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren içerisinde bulunduğumuz dönem postmodern olarak adlandırılmakta ve sanatın sonu şeklinde değerlendirilmektedir.Sanatta yaşanan bu büyük dönüşümler pek çok disiplini olduğu gibi seramik sanatını da etkilemiştir. Seramik sanatı 19.yüzyıl ve sonrası sanayi devriminden sonra gelişen teknoloji ve farklılaşan kültürel yapılarla, 20.yüzyılda sanatsal bir disiplin olarak kabul görmüştür. Bu süreçte çağdaş seramik sanatçılarının yorumlarıyla, kavrama yönelik eserler ortaya konmuştur.Kavramsal Sanat ise temelinde düşüncenin yapıta üstünlüğü fikrini barındıran Postmodern dönem içerisinde büyük bir kırılma yaratmış olan bir eğilimdir. Kavramsal sanat, seramik sanatının evrensel nitelik kazanmasına, geleneksel ve modernist uslüba karşı duran kavramsal seramik eserler üretilmesine olanak sağlaması bakımından seramik sanat tarihinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Postmodernizmin eklektik yapısıyla birleşen kavramsal seramik eserler çağın gerçekliklerinin kavranmasını kolaylaştırırken, geçmişle bağ kurarak belgesel bir nitelik taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, çağdaş seramik sanatında, sanat anlayışında bir dönüm noktası olan kavramsal sanatın önemi ve seramik sanatına katkıları felsefe profesörü ve yazar Peter Osborne'nin kavramsal sanat açılımı doğrultusunda incelenmektedir.Ever since it emerged to present, the art fact has developed by getting different qualities and comments with many art works. As a result of these developments and transformations, the period which we are in since the second half of the 20th century is called Postmodernism and considered to be end of the art These efficient transformations as influenced the ceramic art as many disciplines. In the 20th century, ceramic art has been accepted as an artistic discipline with the 19th century and later by industrial revolution, the developing of technology and differing cultural structures. In this process, conceptual art works were created by contemporary ceramic artists' interpretations. Conceptual art is a trend which created a big break in the postmodern period, which is based on the idea that is thought, has superiority to the art work. In the ceramic art history, conceptual art history has an important place because of enabling of the creating ceramic art works which stands against the traditional and the modernist style. Conceptual ceramic art works, which combine with eclectic nature of postmodernism, has a documentary feature by establishing a link with the past while make it easy to grasp realities of era. In this study, the importance of conception art, which is a milestone in the art conception and its contributions to ceramic art, are examined according to philosophy professor and author Peter Osborne's conceptual art initiative
Tüberküloz ile ilgili Stigma (TİS) Ölçeği'nin Türk toplumu için geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin incelenmesi
No full textBu çalışma Güney Tayland’da 2008 yılında Annalies Van Rie, Sohini Sengupta ve ark. Tarafından geliştirilen “Tuberculosis Releated Stigma Scales- Tüberkülozla İlgili Stigma (TİS) Ölçeği”’nin, Türk toplumundaki sağlıklı ve tüberkülozlu (TB) bireylere uyarlanarak geçerlik ve güvenirliğini ölçmek amacıyla yapılmış metodolojik bir çalışmadır. TİS Ölçeği sağlıklı ve TB’li bireyler ile ilgili olmak üzere iki bölümden oluştuğu için geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasında örneklem sayısını, madde sayısının 10 katı dikkate alınarak 110 sağlıklı ve 120 TB’li birey olmak üzere toplam 230 birey oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın veri toplama sürecinde araştırmacı tarafından her iki bölüm için oluşturulmuş 14’er sorudan oluşan Birey Tanıtım Formu ve TİS Ölçeği (Tuberculosis Releated Stigma Scalas) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin değerlendirilmesinde geçerlik – güvenirlik analizleri, faktör analizi, varyans analizi ve korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. TİS Ölçeği’nin (Tuberculosis Releated Stigma Scalas) Türk toplumu için geçerlik ve güvenirliği yüksek bulunmuştur (Cronbach Alpha=0,87). Yapılan faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin sağlıklı bireyler ile ilgili bölümünden bir sorunun, TB’li bireylerden ise 2 sorunun çıkarılması uygun görülerek her iki bölümün 10’ar sorudan ve 2’şer faktörden oluştuğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Elde edilen faktörler kapsadıkları soruların özelliklerine göre adlandırılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına dayalı olarak TİS Ölçeği’nin (Tuberculosis Releated Stigma Scalas) ülkemizde TB ile ilgili stigmayı ölçmek için kullanılması, farklı ve daha fazla örneklem gruplarıyla çalışmanın tekrarlanması, örneklem gruplarının sosyo-demografik özellikleri ile aldıkları stigma puanlarının karşılaştırılması, zamana göre değişmezlik psikometrik özelliği kullanılarak stigma puanlarının karşılaştırılması ve TB stigmasına yönelik müdahale stratejileri geliştirilmesi önerilmiştir
The Impact of Perceived Corporate Reputation of Sport Clubs on Social Media Usage: a Study with the Lenses of Social Capital
No full textTechnological developments and changes in communication systems in postmodern world have enhanced the organizations to improve their own communication infrastructures and to effectively use their internet sites. Like all other organizations, sport club institutions have considered the vital importance of investing in social media activities and creating their corporate reputation through their connections with their supporters. Thus, social media channels and public relations via social media have been the most essential tools of the organizations to build company image and increase their corporate reputation among the stakeholder groups, particularly their supporters. Taking into account the suggested influence of effective use of social media on building corporate reputation, the current study examined the relationship between supporters' social media usage frequency and their perceptions of corporate reputation. A cross-sectional research design has been applied in order to obtain data about the corporate reputation perception levels and social media usage frequencies of the supporters as well as the demographic characteristics of the participants. The sample group was composed of 782 participants and data obtained was examined by executing statistical analyses. The findings revealed that individuals' social media usage frequency has positive effect on the perceived corporate reputation. In addition, demographic differences were observed in terms of the social media usage frequency and corporate reputation perception. Consequently, the results of the study were discussed in the light of the conceptual background and the previous empirical evidences. The managerial and conceptual implications of the study were evaluated and future directions were presented
(Çalışanların örgüte cezbolması ile kurumların itibar uygulamaları ilişkisinde güvenin rolü)
No full textÇALIŞANLARIN ÖRGÜTE CEZBOLMASI İLE KURUMLARIN İTİBAR UYGULAMALARI İLE İLİŞKİSİNDE GÜVENİN ROLÜ Bu araştırmanın amacı, kurumların itibarlarını yansıtacak şekilde kurum içindeki ve kurum dışındaki paydaşlara yönelik olarak yapmış oldukları faaliyetlerin, çalışanların kurumlarına güven duymaları üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymak ve kuruma duyulan güvenin, çalışanların örgütlerine cezbolmalarını ne derecede etkilediğini havacılık sektöründe saptayabilmektir. Bu doğrultuda birinci bölümde, araştırma modelinde yer verilen değişkenlerden kurumların itibar uygulamaları, kuruma güven, yöneticiye güven ve örgüte cezbolma kavramları açıklanmış ve bu kavramların birbirleriyle olan ilişkisine değinilmiştir. Araştırmanın ikinci bölümünde ise, havacılık sektöründe yapılan ve 343 denekten toplanan anket verileri değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Çıkan sonuçlara göre, kurumların itibar uygulamaları ve kuruma güven, yöneticiye güven çalışanların örgüte cezbolmasını ortaya çıkarırken, örgüte cezbolmayı açıklayan en önemli değişkenin yöneticiye güven olduğu ortaya konmuştur. Bununla birlikte kurumların itibar uygulamaları ile örgüte cezbolma arasındaki ilişkide kuruma güvenin aracı olmadığı ifade edilmiştir. Kurumların itibar uygulamaları, kuruma güven ve yöneticiye güven açısından en yüksek değerlendirmelere sahip katılımcılar, eğitim seviyesi yüksek olanlar ile yönetici pozisyonunda olanlardır. Yüzde yüz yabancı şirketlerde çalışanlar, kuruma güveni en yüksek olanlardır. Ayrıca çalışma süresi daha uzun olanlar, kurumların itibarını yükselten uygulamaların daha yaygın olduğunu düşünmektedir.THE ROLE OF TRUST ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL ENGAGEMENT AND CORPORATE REPUTATION The purpose of this study is to examine the role of organizational trust between corporate reputation practices, which reflects the shareholders’ perceptions and organizational engagement in airline sector. Corporate reputation practices which reflect the importance of practices for employees are assumed as a moderating variable to change the relationship between corporate reputation practices and organizational trust and also, managerial trust is assumed to change the relationship between organizational trust and organizational engagement. In the first section, results of the relationship between corporate reputation practices, importance of corporate reputation practices, organizational trust, managerial trust and organizational trust are examined. In the following section, data was gathered from 343 participants. According to the results of the study, managerial trust, corporate reputation practices, organizational trust have effect on organizational engagement. Especially managerial trust has the highest effect on organizational engagement. Also, Employees who are highly educated and have managerial positions, have high scores about corporate reputation practices, organizational trust and managerial trust. Employees who work in 100% foreign companies, have high trust in their organization and employees who have long working experience believe that corporate reputation practices are more common in the organization
The Regulation of Glucose Metabolism during Osteoblast Differentiation
Full text linkDifferentiation and cell-specific functions are coupled with metabolic alterations to meet the needs of the cell. In this thesis, I have investigated the alterations of cellular metabolism in osteoblast-lineage cells in response to two different bone anabolic signals, WNT and PTH. I have further elucidated the mechanism underlying the metabolic changes, and have explored the functional importance of such changes for bone anabolism.
Osteoblasts, the principal bone-forming cells, are differentiated from mesenchymal progenitor cells through sequential stages. These stages are identifiable by molecular markers, cell morphology and location. Transcription factors and developmental signals important for osteoblast differentiation have been studied in detail. One such developmental signal is the WNT family of proteins. WNTs are a large family of glycoproteins that activate beta-catenin-dependent or -independent intracellular pathways, both of which are involved in bone formation. However, the mechanism through which WNT signaling stimulates osteoblast differentiation is not well understood.
Early studies demonstrated that bone cells consume a large amount of glucose, producing lactate as the major end product even in aerobic conditions, a phenomenon known as aerobic glycolysis. However, the significance of increased aerobic glycolysis for bone formation was not known. Based on the link between metabolic abnormalities and the genetic mutations in WNT pathway components, I hypothesized that WNT regulates cellular metabolism and that such regulation contributes to osteoblast differentiation. I tested this hypothesis in vitro by using ST2 cells, and showed that WNT signaling increased glucose utilization, stimulated aerobic glycolysis via induction of glycolytic enzymes, and suppressed glucose entry to TCA cycle. This process was mostly regulated by a signaling cascade dependent on Lrp5-Rac1-mTORC2 and independent of beta-catenin. Increased glycolysis was important for in vitro osteoblast differentiation and correlated with increased bone formation in WNT hyperactivation mouse models. I tested the functional importance of enhanced aerobic glycolysis in vivo by two different models. First, I showed that pharmacological enhancement of pyruvate entering the TCA cycle attenuated the high-bone mass phenotype caused by hyperactive WNT signaling in the mouse. Second, I showed that genetic deletion of LDHA, the enzyme catalyzing the last step of glycolysis, from osteoblast-lineage cells suppressed normal postnatal bone accrual due to reduced osteoblast number and function. Thus, WNT signaling reprograms glucose metabolism, and WNT-induced metabolic reprogramming contributes to osteoblast differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, LDHA is required for optimal bone formation in postnatal mice.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been an effective bone anabolic drug in the clinic by targeting osteoblasts and stimulating bone formation. However, it is not well understood how PTH signaling stimulates bone formation. In early studies, PTH was shown to alter cellular metabolism towards lactate production. In light of the role of metabolic regulation in WNT-induced bone formation, I examined the potential role of metabolic alterations in mediating the anabolic effect of PTH. In MC3T3-E1 cells and neonatal calvarial cells, I showed that PTH enhanced glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis, activated pentose phosphate pathway but reduced contribution of glucose to TCA cycle. PTH-induced glucose utilization required IGF-PI3K-SGK1 signaling. Importantly, pharmacological enhancement of pyruvate entering the TCA cycle attenuated the bone anabolic effect by PTH. Thus, changes in cellular glucose metabolism may be an important mechanism mediating the anabolic effect of PTH.
This thesis confirms the earlier findings that lactate-producing glycolysis is an important feature of osteoblasts, and further characterizes the alterations of cellular metabolism during osteoblast differentiation in response to both WNT and PTH pathways. More importantly, this thesis shows for the first time that metabolic alterations are functionally important for the differentiation process
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