162 research outputs found
Effects and detection of quantum noise
No full textThis thesis is about random fluctuations over time (or noise) of electric currents and voltages occuring in small (mesoscopic) electronic devices with typical sizes of micro- to nanometre. Even though the theory presented is of a more general nature, research into such systems has been greatly pushed forward by the prospect of building a quantum computer. There are two important aspects to noise which are addressed in this work. The first can be summarised as detection and refers to the idea, that the fluctuations carry information about the microscopic details (geometric design, scattering, temperature) of transport which causes them. The theoretical problem we investigate is then to relate detector signals to fundamental properties of the sample. Secondly, fluctuations can trigger a variety of processes in the environment. Depending on the system one may wish to enhance or diminish such effects. To achieve this goal we study noise-induced effects and the coupling between noise sources and their environment. The precise way in which these fluctuations occur can be found from the theory of Full Counting Statistics (FCS) which provides a cornerstone for this thesis. In chapter 3 the effect of a weak electromagnetic environment on the Full Counting Statistics of a coherent conductor is investigated. We obtain explicit expressions for the correction to the FCS which are further studied by analytical and numerical means. We also present a reinterpretation of the correction in terms of elementary physical events. The major result in that chapter is a universal relation for Full Counting Statistics which holds at arbitrary voltage, temperature and with no regard to the concrete realization of the contact. For FCS this relation takes the form of detailed balance. In chapter 4 we investigate the detection of finite frequency noise using a quantum tunnelling detector. We focus on a concrete experimental setup consisting of a coherent conductor taking the role of the noise source and a tunnel junction (the detector) which is capacitively coupled to it. We show that the detector rate in a certain parameter range is dominated by a two-photon process and a process involving two interacting electrons in the coherent conductor. We find an explicit analytical expression for the detector signal in terms of system parameters: tunnel coupling, transmissions, environment, voltage over the conductor and coupling parameter. Our results facilitate the detection of many-particle events in the context of quantum transport, particularly electron-electron interactions. The non-Gaussian higher moments of the distribution of current fluctuations in a mesoscopic conductor contain more information than is present in average current and noise. However they are inherently difficult to measure. In order to facilitate such experiments, we propose a completely new way for measuring the Full Counting Statistics in chapter 5. We study threshold detection with a Josephson junction coupled to a mesoscopic conductor. We show that the detailed dependence of the junction's escape rate is sensitive to the distinct FCS of specific conductors (tunnel junction, diffusive, ballistic). We also address issues related to the measurement procedure notably feedback and dispersiveness of the detector. Our theoretical results facilitate a new type of electric noise measurement: direct measurement of the full distribution of transferred charge.Applied Science
COMMERCIALIZATION OF THE INNOVATIVE CAPACITY OF ENTERPRISES OF THE MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX: THE SCOPE AND THE CONCEPT OF INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE
No full text
Formulation of Research Problem: Orientation of Education Process to the Development of Student's Personal Resource
No full textКалегина Юлия Владимировна, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры
безопасности жизнедеятельности, Южно-Уральский государственный университет, г. Челябинск,
[email protected]. Yu.V. Kalegina, [email protected]
South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian FederationИсследование имеющегося предпосылочного знания, как нерастраченного до конца,
но уже утратившего актуальность резерва решения проблем образования является традиционной задачей каждого педагога-исследователя. Решение данной задачи выводит исследователя на обострившиеся противоречия, помогает четче сформулировать саму проблему и ориентирует в инновационных и уже апробированных способах ее решения.
Целью автора статьи стало рассмотрение теоретических, социальных и практических
предпосылок проектирования образовательного процесса в университете, которые были
положены в обоснование проблемы исследования. Для достижения поставленной цели в
своем изыскании автор использует методы анализа научных изысканий, связанных с данным направлением исследования и практик решения смежных проблем, метод пилотажного эксперимента, метод анализа документов и другие, способствующие рассмотрению
предпосылок. Как результат исследования становится возможным вывод, обладающий
научной новизной: в социуме, теории и практике образования обострились выявленные
противоречия и необходимость решения следующей проблемы: как спроектировать образовательный процесс в университете, чтобы он был направлен (ориентирован) на решение
задачи развития личного ресурса основного участника образовательных отношений –
студента. Впервые обосновано наличие нормативных, теоретических и методических резервов для решения данной проблемы путем привлечения к проектированию самого студента. Выполненный автором аналитический обзор существующих концепций и лучших
практик решения поставленной проблемы может послужить для педагогов-исследователей,
работающих в сфере педагогического проектирования, содержательным ядром в обосновании актуальности их исследований, сориентировать педагогов-практиков в направлениях
поиска решений поставленной автором проблемы. Таким образом, теоретическая и практическая значимости статьи состоят в доказательной иллюстрации существующих в теории
образования проблеме, а также теоретического и практического потенциалов ее решения. The research of the available premised knowledge is a traditional task of a researcher.
The solution of this task brings the researcher to the aggravated contradictions, helps to formulate
a problem, and focuses on the innovative and existing ways of solving the problem formulated.
To consider theoretical, social and practical prerequisites of educational process design at the university
became the purpose of the author of the article. To achieve the goal the author uses methods
of the literature analysis, benchmarking, experiment, the analysis of normative documents.
The results show that in theory and practice of higher education the following problem has
become aggravated: how to design an educational process at the university directed to the development
of a personal resource of the main participant of the education, that is a student. The existence
of standard, theoretical and methodical reserves for the solution of the given problem that is
involving students to the creation of the education process model was proved. The literature review
can help the researchers working in the field of pedagogy to justify the relevance of their research,
to orient practicing teachers in the directions of finding solutions to the problem
Influence of the electrodynamic environment on electron tunneling at finite traversal time
No full textReview of the Monograph: Seleznev Yu.V. Russkie knyaz’ya pri dvore khanov Zolotoy Ordy (Russian Princes at the Court of the Golden Horde Khans)
No full textThis article contains a review of the monograph by Yu.V. Seleznev published in early 2017 and dedicated to the relations of Russian princes with the Golden Horde’s khans and their status among the Golden Horde’s nobility. This work is the first comprehensive study in the historiography of this issue for all two and a half centuries of the Tartar domination. The monograph was published for the first time in 2013 and served as the basis for a doctoral dissertation, which Seleznev defended in 2015. The book was reprinted with certain changes in 2017.
The book commendably contains an abundance of factual material through the use of diverse sources and strands of historiography. Seleznev examines the social terminology of Golden Horde-Russian relations, the structure of the Golden Horde’s nobility and the trips of princes to the Horde, drawing attention not only to the status of the great Vladimir and Moscow princes, but also that of other great and appanage princes. He makes a significant contribution to the resolving the debate regarding the nature of the Golden Horde’s domination in Rus’ by examining in detail the relationship of the Russian princes with the Golden Horde’s authorities in different years. The book’s author proposed to divide the Golden Horde’s “yoke” into seven periods characterized by “changes in the degree of sovereignty and jurisdiction of the khan in relation to Russian principalities”.
The author of this review agrees with the main conclusions of the book under review, but at the same time he notes some reservations and criticisms, which do not, however, reduce the academic caliber of the monograph
Bibliography of Publications by I.A. Bunin and V.N. Muromtseva-Bunina in the “Novyi Zhurnal” / “The New Review”
No full textThe article provides a complete bibliography of publications by I.A. Bunin and V.N. Muromtseva-Bunina in the “New Journal,” as well as publications prepared by the heirs (and researchers with their permission), namely L.F. Zurov, M.E. Green, Yu.V. Maltsev. The author of the article eliminates shortcomings and errors of bibliographers and adds previously missed publications
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