1,721,055 research outputs found
The experience of sexual coercion among young women in Central Province, Kenya
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Migration and child domestic work: Evidence from Ethiopia
Get PDFDomestic work is frequently the initial survival strategy for rural Ethiopian girls migrating to urban areas. Following migration from rural areas, most girls enter the workforce as domestic workers, because it is a readily available form of work requiring little or no education. In 2015–16, the Population Council undertook a study of migrant, out-of-school girls in urban and rural areas in six Ethiopian regions which demonstrated that this is a common phenomenon. Originating from poor rural areas and armed with little in the way of education, domestic workers receive low pay and frequently work in abusive situations, including sexual abuse. Several programmatic recommendations arise from this study including increased programmatic attention to internal trafficking, specifically the role of brokers who find work for migrant girls
Adolescence lost: The realities of child marriage
No full textThis editorial addresses the harsh reality of child marriage for many adolescent girls in developing countries and the lack of policy attention addressed at ending this practice
Changes in the prevalence of child marriage in Ethiopia, 2005–2016
No full textBackground: Child marriage has powerful implications for a young woman’s reproductive health, education, and personal development as well as the development of communities and nations. Child marriage frequently marks the beginning of a young woman’s sexual activity and early childbearing. As a country where child marriage is common, Ethiopia has placed additional emphasis on addressing child marriage over the past years. Methods: Using data from Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys for 2005, 2011 and 2016, this paper explores trends in child marriage over the last decade in various locations and regions of Ethiopia. Results: Between 2005 and 2016, the percentage of young Ethiopian women married before age 18 declined from 49 to 40%, a reduction of 18% from 2005 levels. The percentage of women married before age 15 experienced even greater reductions, declining by 26% in the same period. The greatest reductions in child marriage took place in the Addis Ababa, Amhara, and Tigray regions. Over the period, estimates for Oromia and Somali suggest that child marriage has increased in these regions. Notwithstanding recent declines, Afar, Beneshangul-Gumuz, Somali, and Oromia are regions where nearly half or more of all girls are married before age 18. Conclusions: Nationally, Ethiopia has experienced impressive declines in child marriage over the last decade. However, progress has also been uneven. Trends in the last decade have resulted in a geographical shift in where child marriage is most prevalent. In particular, locations that are challenging in terms of access, including the most remote and hard to reach, pose persistent challenges to those attempting to eradicate the practice. Intensifying efforts in rural areas and underserved regions can facilitate further declines in child marriage in Ethiopia
Characteristics of brokers in relation to the migration of girls and young women in Ethiopia
Get PDFThis research brief focuses on brokers in Ethiopia—both licensed and unlicensed—who place migrating girls into jobs such as domestic work, waitressing, and commercial sex work. The characteristics of brokers, their contacts, ways of working, and how brokers both support and harm migrant girls is examined. Brokers sometimes provide support to girls that goes beyond job placement, such as providing girls with necessary help in their initial days, including financial assistance, short-term lodging, and food. Alternatively, brokers can be a source of considerable risk for girls. It was reported that brokers often exploit newly arriving girls for sex, expose them to drugs and alcohol, and place them into risky situations through deception and coercion—including sex work. Brokers who are unlicensed are more prone to these behaviors, while licensed brokers felt that such actions gave the profession a bad name. Based on the research findings, recommendations for policymakers and programmers are detailed in three areas: programmatic support and attention to newly arriving migrant girls, enforcement of licensing and a code of conduct among brokers, and education and awareness-raising for migrating girls
Child domestic work and transitions to commercial sexual exploitation: Evidence from Ethiopia
Get PDFThere are an estimated 17.2 million child domestic workers in the world, and the vast majority are girls. Domestic work keeps children out of school, confined to the home, socially isolated, and burdened with excessive domestic duties. Furthermore, evidence is emerging that domestic work is a feeder profession for sex work. In 2015–16, the Population Council undertook a study of migrant, out-of-school girls in Ethiopia. The domestic work conditions described in this brief create unbearable conditions for girls who enter into commercial sex work as an alternative, hoping for an improvement in their work situation. The study found that a considerable number of girls are trafficked into sex work, through deception by employers and brokers. Several programmatic recommendations arise from this study
From research, to program design, to implementation: Programming for rural girls in Ethiopia—A toolkit for practitioners
Get PDFThis toolkit describes how to build or improve programs for rural adolescent girls in Ethiopia with a view to increasing the number of programs available and making them relevant and context-appropriate. The toolkit describes a process of program development that is grounded firmly in an evidence base. Chapters begin at a starting point of research to identify and describe girls, followed by program development emanating from data, to implementation guided by ongoing monitoring and evaluation
De la recherche à la conception programmatique et à la mise en oeuvre : Programmation à l\u27intention des filles des milieux ruraux d\u27Éthiopie—Boîte à outils du praticien
No full textCette boîte à outils décrit comment créer ou améliorer des programmes pour les filles de l’Éthiopie rurale, en vue d\u27accroître le nombre de programmes organisés à leur intention et de les rendre pertinents et mieux adaptés à leur contexte. La boîte à outils décrit un processus d’élaboration programmatique fermement ancré dans les faits. Les chapitres procèdent dès lors d’un point de départ axé sur la recherche pour identifier et décrire les filles, pour se concentrer ensuite sur le développement programmatique émanant des données, et aboutir enfin sur la mise en œuvre guidée par le suivi et l’évaluation permanents.
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This toolkit describes how to build or improve programs for rural adolescent girls in Ethiopia with a view to increasing the number of programs available and making them relevant and context-appropriate. The toolkit describes a process of program development that is grounded firmly in an evidence base. Chapters begin at a starting point of research to identify and describe girls, followed by program development emanating from data, to implementation guided by ongoing monitoring and evaluation
Building the Assets to Thrive: Addressing the HIV-related Vulnerabilities of Adolescent Girls in Ethiopia
Get PDFDespite decades of investment and dramatic progress against HIV, adolescent girls remain at disproportionate risk of infection. Population Council research shows that the best way to protect girls and young women from HIV and other bad outcomes is to reach them early—before they experience irreversible events like HIV infection or unintended childbearing—and with enough health, social, and cognitive assets to make a measurable difference in their lives. This book is a comprehensive review of three programs launched by the Population Council and the Ethiopian government. Two of the programs work to reduce Ethiopian girls’ HIV risk by providing out-of-school adolescent girls in urban slums and married adolescent girls in rural areas with adult female mentors, education on HIV and AIDS and related issues, non-formal education, and links to health services. The third program focuses on husbands, promoting care-giving to wives and children and addressing extramarital partnerships, alcohol abuse, and violence. The Council’s experiences in Ethiopia show that when HIV prevention programs are shaped by evidence and designed for replication and scale-up, they can reach large numbers of the people at greatest risk and increase their ability to avoid infection
Early marriage, marital relations and intimate partner violence in Ethiopia
No full textContext: A considerable proportion of women worldwide are married during childhood. Although many studies have examined early marriage (before age 18), few have compared outcomes or correlates among girls married during different stages of adolescence or have focused on girls married very early (before age 15). Methods: Data from a population-based survey conducted in 2009–2010 in seven Ethiopian regions were used to examine early marriage among 1,671 women aged 20–24. Cross-tabulations and logistic regression were used to compare characteristics and contextual factors among girls married before age 15, at ages 15–17 or at ages 18–19 and to identify factors associated with selected marital outcomes. Results: Seventeen percent of respondents had married before age 15 and 30% had married at ages 15–17. Most of those who married before age 18 had never been to school. Compared with young women who had married at ages 18–19, those married before age 15 were less likely to have known about the marriage beforehand (odds ratio, 0.2) and more likely to have experienced forced first marital sex (3.8). Educational attainment was positively associated with foreknowledge and wantedness of marriage and with high levels of marital discussions about fertility and reproductive health issues. Conclusions: Initiatives addressing the earliest child marriages should focus on girls who have left or never attended school. Given the vulnerability of girls married before age 15, programs should pay special attention to delaying very early marriages
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