132,647 research outputs found
Cortical neuronal loss and hippocampal sclerosis are not detected by voxel-based morphometry in individual epilepsy surgery patients
No full textVoxel-based morphometry (VBM) has detected differences between brains of groups of patients
with epilepsy and controls, but the sensitivity for detecting subtle pathological changes in single subjects
has not been established. The aim of the study was to test the sensitivity of VBM using statistical parametric
mapping (SPM5) to detect hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and cortical neuronal loss in individual patients.
T1-weighted volumetric 1.5 T MR images from 13 patients with HS and laminar cortical neuronal loss
were segmented, normalised and smoothed using SPM5. Both modulated and non-modulated analyses
were performed. Comparisons of one control subject against the rest (n ¼ 23) were first performed to ascertain
the smoothing level with the lowest number of SPM changes in controls. Each patient was then compared
against the whole control group. The lowest number of SPM changes in control subjects was found
at a smoothing level of 10 mm full width half maximum for modulated and non-modulated data. In the
patient group, no SPM abnormalities were found in the affected temporal lobe or hippocampus at this
smoothing level. At lower smoothing levels there were numerous SPM findings in controls and patients.
VBM did not detect any abnormalities associated with either laminar cortical neuronal loss or HS. This
may be due to normalisation and smoothing of images and low statistical power in areas with larger interindividual
differences. This suggests that the methodology may currently not be suitable to detect particular
occult abnormalities possibly associated with seizure onset zone in individual epilepsy patients with
unremarkable standard structural MRI
How Many Danish Jobs Can (Potentially) Be Done Elsewhere?
No full textThis paper employs a new survey technique to arrive at estimates of the proportion of jobs with the characteristic that they can be performed elsewhere than currently, in particular in other countries. The results from the survey which was carried out in November 2008 indicate that the proportion of current jobs with offshorability characteristics in Denmark is in the 20 to 30 percent range. Danish jobs that could potentially be carried out elsewhere are primarily found in the services sector (financial and business services) and they are typically performed by employees from the middle of the wage distributionJobs; offshorability; outsourcing
Drepanoistodus iommii Rasmussen & Eriksson & Lindskog 2021, sp. nov.
No full textDrepanoistodus iommii sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0E2832F5-672E-4FAE-B5A5-CBA5DE1A4824 Fig. 6E–H partim Drepanoistodus aff. basiovalis – Mellgren & Eriksson 2010: fig. 7m (only). Drepanoistodus cf. basiovalis – Mellgren et al. 2012: fig. 5e. Diagnosis A Drepanoistodus species characterised by a geniculate element with distinct keels on the cusp and upper margin of the base; a straight basal margin; a straight to weakly rounded (convex) anterior margin and cusp which is approximately twice the length of the upper margin of the base. Etymology Named in honour of legendary guitarist Tony Iommi, founding member of heavy metal band Black Sabbath. Material examined Ten geniculate elements including eight from the Lynna section. Holotype, geniculate element (Fig. 6E–F); LO 12479T. Type locality River bank near the mouth of Lynna River, village of Kolchanovo, St. Petersburg region, Russia (60°00′39″ N, 32°33′49″ E). Type stratum Approximately 10 cm above the local base of the Lynna Formation, sample LY 12-16. Lower part of the Lenodus variabilis Zone. Description Cusp reclined and straight with distinct keels developed on the anterior (upper) and posterior (lower) margins. A median, longitudinal carina is developed on both sides of the cusp, but it is especially distinct on the inner side. Base is characterised by a straight or almost straight basal margin and a distinct keel on the upper margin. Whereas this keel is slightly convex, the upper margin below the keel is straight. Anterior margin is usually straight or weakly rounded (convex), but occasionally, it is strongly rounded. Angle A between the cusp and upper margin of the base is ca 30° (mean) with a standard deviation at 4.2 (Fig. 5B), and the mean ratio between length of the free upper margin (b) and the free cusp (c) is 0.54 (standard deviation 0.10). Remarks In the PCA plot (Fig. 4), the population of D. iommii sp. nov. is situated in the upper right corner, separated from the D. basiovalis population as well as the other two new species populations described herein. The vectors in the biplot demonstrate that this is mainly due to the straight basal margin, the relatively long upper margin (high b/c values), and the usually straight anterior margin in D. iommii sp. nov., which is in accordance with the characters diagnosed above. The hypothesis that the population of D. iommii sp. nov. is morphologically different from the D. basiovalis population is supported by the PERMANOVA test (Fig. 5A), which shows that the probability that the two populations are the same is exceedingly low (p (same) = 1.00E- 04). Occurrence The L. antivariabilis Zone (sample LY12-9) to the L. variabilis Zone (sample LY12-21b). Outside the St. Petersburg region, D. iommii sp. nov. has been recorded from the L. variabilis Zone at the Hällekis quarry in Västergötland, Sweden (Mellgren & Eriksson 2010; referred to as D. aff. basiovalis) and from the L. pseudoplanus Zone or E. suecicus Zone of the island Osmussaar, Estonia (Mellgren et al. 2012; reported as D. cf. basiovalis).Published as part of Rasmussen, Jan Audun, Eriksson, Mats E. & Lindskog, Anders, 2021, Middle Ordovician Drepanoistodus (Vertebrata, Conodonta) from Baltica, with description of three new species, pp. 106-134 in European Journal of Taxonomy 774 on pages 119-120, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.774.1533, http://zenodo.org/record/555714
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Hans Nilsson-Ehle, Varia Romanica, eds. L. Lindvall et O. Eriksson, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, Göteborg, 1991
No full textAttal Pierre. Hans Nilsson-Ehle, Varia Romanica, eds. L. Lindvall et O. Eriksson, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, Göteborg, 1991. In: L'Information Grammaticale, N. 68, 1996. pp. 59-60
On a conjecture by Eriksson concerning overlap in strings
No full textConsider a finite alphabet Ω and strings consisting of elements from Ω. For a given string w, let cor(w) denote the autocorrelation, which can be seen as a measure of the amount of overlap in w. Furthermore, let aw(n) be the number of strings of length n that do not contain w as a substring. Eriksson [4] stated the following conjecture: if cor(w)>cor(w′), then aw(n)>aw′(n) from the first n where equality no longer holds. We prove that this is true if [mid R:]Ω[mid R:][gt-or-equal, slanted]3, by giving a lower bound for aw(n)−aw′(n)
Inequality of Opportunity and Income Inequality in Nine Chinese Provinces, 1989-2006
No full textWhile there is a large and growing body of research describing and analyzing changes in the Chinese income distribution, researchers have paid considerable less attention to inequality of opportunity. The aim of this paper is to contribute to filling this gap in the literature. The two main questions addressed empirically for the first time in a Chinese context are: To what extent are individuals’ incomes and individual income differences due to factors beyond the individual’s control (in Roemer’s terminology “circumstances”) and to what extent are they due to outcomes of the individual’s own choices (“effort”). What is the relationship between income inequality and inequality of opportunity? For this purpose we use data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey collected from nine provinces during the period 1989 to 2006. The CHNS has detailed information about incomes and other factors enabling us to construct a host of circumstance and effort variables for the offspring. We find that China has a substantial degree of inequality of opportunity. Parental income and parents’ type of employer explain about two thirds of the total inequality of opportunity. Notably, parental education plays only a minor role implying that parental connections remain important. The results show that the increase in income inequality during the period under study largely mirrors the increase in inequality of opportunity. Thus, increased income inequality does not reflect changes in effort variables, or expressed differently, increased income inequality has not been accompanied by a decrease in inequality of opportunityInequality of opportunity; Income inequality; China
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Hans Nilsson-Ehle, Varia Romanica, eds. L. Lindvall et O. Eriksson, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, Göteborg, 1991
No full textAttal Pierre. Hans Nilsson-Ehle, Varia Romanica, eds. L. Lindvall et O. Eriksson, Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, Göteborg, 1991. In: L'Information Grammaticale, N. 68, 1996. pp. 59-60
Body size at birth is associated with food and nutrient intake in adulthood
No full textBACKGROUND: Small body size at birth is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Dietary habits are tightly linked with these disorders, but the association between body size at birth and adult diet has been little studied. We examined the association between body size at birth and intake of foods and macronutrients in adulthood.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We studied 1797 participants, aged 56 to 70, of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, whose birth weight and length were recorded. Preterm births were excluded. During a clinical study, diet was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire. A linear regression model adjusted for potential confounders was used to assess the associations. Intake of fruits and berries was 13.26 g (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56, 25.96) higher per 1 kg/m(3) increase in ponderal index (PI) at birth, and 83.16 g (95% CI: 17.76, 148.56) higher per 1 kg higher birth weight. One unit higher PI at birth was associated with 0.14% of energy (E%) lower intake of fat (95% CI: -0.26, -0.03) and 0.18 E% higher intake of carbohydrates (95% CI: 0.04, 0.32) as well as 0.08 E% higher sucrose (95% CI: 0.00, 0.15), 0.05 E% higher fructose (95% CI: 0.01, 0.09), and 0.18 g higher fiber (95% CI: 0.02, 0.34) intake in adulthood. Similar associations were observed between birth weight and macronutrient intake.CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal growth may modify later life food and macronutrient intake. Altered dietary habits could potentially explain an increased risk of chronic disease in individuals born with small body size
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