8 research outputs found
Impact of NaCl reduction in Danish semi-hard Samsoe cheeses on proliferation and autolysis of DL-starter cultures
No full textReduction of sodium chloride (NaCl) in cheese manufacturing is a challenge for the dairy industry. NaCl has a profound role on microbial development influencing cheese sensory and technological properties. The purpose of this work was to investigate how proliferation, distribution and autolysis of two commercial DL-starter cultures (C1 and C2) used in the production of Danish semi-hard Samsoe cheeses were affected by reduced NaCl levels. Cheeses containing <0.3% (unsalted), 2.3% (reduced-salt) and 3.4% (normal-salted) (w/v) NaCl in moisture were produced and analyzed during 12weeks of ripening. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), distribution of bacteria as single cells or microcolonies, their viability in the cheeses and cell autolysis were monitored during ripening, as well as the impact of NaCl content and autolysis on the formation of free amino acids (FAA). Reduction of NaCl resulted in higher LAB counts at the early stages of ripening, with differences between the two DL-starter cultures. The unsalted cheeses produced with C1 had retained a significantly higher number of the initial LAB counts (cfu/g) after 1 and 2weeks of ripening (i.e. 58% and 71%), compared to the normal-salted cheeses (i.e. 22% and 21%), whereas no significant difference was found between the reduced-salt (i.e. 31% and 35%) and normal-salted cheeses. At the later stages of ripening (i.e. 7 and 11weeks) NaCl had no significant influence. For cheeses produced with C2, a significant influence of NaCl was only found in cheeses ripened for 7weeks, where the unsalted and reduced-salt cheeses had retained a significantly higher number of the initial LAB counts (cfu/g) (i.e. 39% and 38%), compared to the normal-salted cheeses (i.e. 21%). In the Samsoe cheeses, bacteria were organized as single cells, in groups of 2-3 cells or in groups of ≥4 cells. During ripening the decrease in the number of viable bacteria was mainly due to a reduction in the number of viable bacteria organized in groups of ≥4 cells. A negative correlation between NaCl content and PepX activity was observed. At the end of ripening the total FAA content was lower in the unsalted cheeses, compared to the reduced- and normal-salted cheeses. In conclusion, NaCl had a significant influence on proliferation of both DL-starter cultures. However, the influence of NaCl on culture development was more pronounced in cheeses produced with DL-starter culture C1. As both texture and taste are parameters known to be affected by the development of the starter culture, the design of starter cultures for reduced NaCl cheeses is recommended.</p
SERAT WIYATA ADI: SEBUAH MEDIA MEMBANGUN KARAKTER ANAK DEKADE 1920-AN MELALUI SASTRA ANAK BERBAHASA JAWA (SERAT WIYATA ADI: ASPECTS OF CHILD CHARACTER EDUCATION IN THE 1920S THROUGH JAVANESE CHILD LITERARY)
No full textSastra anak berbahasa ibu (Jawa) merupakan karya sastra Jawa yang masih ditulis hingga saat ini. Akan tetapi, sastra anak berbahasa Jawa yang berbentuk tembang (puisi) amat langka. Kebanyakan sastra anak berbahasa Jawa ditulis dalam bentuk gancaran (prosa). Salah satu karya sastra anak berbahasa Jawa adalah Serat Wiyata Adi (SWA), karya Samsoe Hadiwijata, terbitan Balai Pustaka. Karya tersebut merupakan media yang dipakai oleh penulisnya untuk membangun karakter anak-anak Jawa pada dekade 1920-an. Masalah penelitian ini ialah bagaimana SWA berperan sebagai media pembangun karakter anak tahun 1920-an dengan melalui sastra anak yang berbahasa Jawa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengungkapkan SWA sebagai media pembangun karakter anak tahun 1920-an melalui sastra anak berbahasa Jawa. Teori yang dipergunakan di dalam penelitian adalah strukturalisme sehingga dapat melihat potensi-potensi bahasa yang digarap oleh pengarang, baik pada tingkat sintakmatik maupun paradigmatik. Oleh karena data penelitian sastra berupa bacaan atau pustaka, metode pengumpulan data di dalam penelitian SWA ini dilakukan dengan cara membaca keseluruhan (dari awal sampai akhir) karya. Analisis terhadap SWA dilakukan dengan melihat hubungan dan rangkaian nilai-nilai yang dibangun sehingga mewujud menjadi teks. Teks itulah yang membangun karakter anak-anak.Literary of a child whose mother tongue is Javanese is Javanese literature that is still written today. However, Javanese child literature in the form of a song (poem) is very rare. Most of the Javanese child literature is written in the form of prose (prose). One of the Javanese child literature is a Serat Wiyata Adi (SWA), the work of Samsoe Hadiwijata, published by Balai Pustaka.The work is a medium that is used by the author to build the Javanese child characters in the 1920s. The research problem is how SWA plays a role as 1920s child character builder media through Javanese child literature.The purpose of this research is to reveal the SWA as child character builder media in the 1920s through Javanese child literature.The theory in the study is structuralism that can view the potential of language written by the author, both at the level syntagmatic and paradigmatic.Therefore, research data is reading text or literature text, data collection method in SWA research is done by reading whole works (from beginning to end). Analysis of the SWA is done by observing on relations and a series of built values that is manifested in the text. Therefore, the text builds child character.</jats:p
Ground-truthed and high-resolution drone images of the leafy spurge weed plant (Euphorbia esula)
No full textAbstract This dataset comprises 1.3 cm resolution aerial images of grasslands in western Montana, USA, captured by a commercial drone. Many scenes contain leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula), introduced to North America, now widespread in rangeland ecosystems, which is highly invasive and damaging to crop production and biodiversity. Technicians surveyed 1000 points in the study area, noting spurge presence or absence, and recorded each point’s position with precision global navigation satellite systems. We cropped tiles from an orthomosaic image at these locations. We publicly release these images and metadata as a Hugging Face Dataset, accessible in one line of code. Our aim is to invite the research community to develop classifiers as early warning systems for spurge invasion. We tested classification performance for two contemporary vision models and achieved 0.85 test accuracy. This demonstrates the feasibility yet difficulty of this classification task
Leafy Spurge Dataset: Real-world Weed Classification Within Aerial Drone Imagery
No full textInvasive plant species are detrimental to the ecology of both agricultural
and wildland areas. Euphorbia esula, or leafy spurge, is one such plant that
has spread through much of North America from Eastern Europe. When paired with
contemporary computer vision systems, unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones,
offer the means to track expansion of problem plants, such as leafy spurge, and
improve chances of controlling these weeds. We gathered a dataset of leafy
spurge presence and absence in grasslands of western Montana, USA, then
surveyed these areas with a commercial drone. We trained image classifiers on
these data, and our best performing model, a pre-trained DINOv2 vision
transformer, identified leafy spurge with 0.84 accuracy (test set). This result
indicates that classification of leafy spurge is tractable, but not solved. We
release this unique dataset of labelled and unlabelled, aerial drone imagery
for the machine learning community to explore. Improving classification
performance of leafy spurge would benefit the fields of ecology, conservation,
and remote sensing alike. Code and data are available at our website:
leafy-spurge-dataset.github.io.Comment: Official Dataset Technical Report. Used in DA-Fusion
(arXiv:2302.07944
Are the changes in observed functioning after multi-disciplinary rehabilitation of patients with fibromyalgia associated with changes in pain self-efficacy?
No full textOBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that change in pain self-efficacy is associated with observed and self-reported activity, pain intensity, catastrophizing, and quality of life after multi-disciplinary rehabilitation of fibromyalgia patients.DESIGN: In-depth analyses of secondary outcomes of a randomized-controlled trial.SUBJECTS: Women (N = 187) with fibromyalgia.METHODS: Outcomes were Pain Self-Efficacy, Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), SF-36 Physical Function (SF-36-PF), pain intensity, and SF-36 Mental Composite Score (SF-36-MCS) to assess quality of life and pain catastrophizing. Individual and group associations between outcomes were examined.RESULTS: Individual changes in pain self-efficacy were not associated with changes in observed activity: AMPS motor (rs = 0.08, p = 0.27) and process (rs = 0.12, p = 0.11), not even in those patients with a clinically relevant improvement in observed functioning (38.5%), and only weakly or moderatly with changes in SF-36-PF; (rs = 0.31, p < 0.0001), SF-36-MSC; (rs = 0.41, p < 0.0001), and pain catastrophizing (rs = -0.31, p < 0.0001). No differences in pain self-efficacy were observed between the rehabilitated group and controls (difference: 1.61; 95% CI: -0.84 to 4.06; p = 0.24). However, a subgroup (34%) had a clinically relevant improvement in pain self-efficacy. This group was younger (mean age 41.4 vs. 45.8, p = 0.01), more recently diagnosed (1.8 vs. 2.8 years, p = 0.003), but had an unresolved welfare situation (59% vs. 40%, p = 0.02).CONCLUSION: The main hypothesis was falsified, as there was no association between pain self-efficacy and actual performance of activity. The relation to functioning may be limited to perceived, cognitive-emotional aspects, as indicated by the weak to moderate correlations to the self-reported measures. Implications for Rehabilitation Improvement in observed activity post multi-disciplinary rehabilitation was not associated with change in pain self-efficacy. Patients performed better after rehabilitation, but did not perceive to have improved their capacity. The relationship between pain self-efficacy and functioning may be limited to cognitive-emotional aspects rather than actual activity. Both observational and self-reported measures should be included in evaluating outcomes of rehabilitation for patients with fibromyalgia.</p
Renal effects of long-term ciclosporin A treatment in a large animal model
No full textUdgivelsesdato: 2007-nullBACKGROUND: Most experimental studies of chronic ciclosporin A (CsA) nephrotoxicity have been performed in rodents; however, the pig possesses several advantages. The aim of this study was to investigate renal functional and structural changes during CsA treatment with 20 mg/kg/day for 6 months in a pig model. METHODS: Gottingen minipigs were randomized to oral CsA treatment or as controls. At 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 weeks body weight, blood pressure, serum creatinine, and whole blood CsA levels were measured. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to estimate relative glomerular filtration rate (rGFR), renal blood flow (RBF), kidney length and volume. Renal vascular resistance (RVR) was calculated. Kidney tissue biopsies were taken and volume fraction of cortical interstitial tissue estimated by a stereology-based method. RESULTS: CsA induced significant increases in serum creatinine, blood pressure, RVR, and a significant decrease in RBF. Furthermore, renal volume increased significantly. This finding was inversely related to the decrease in RBF and initially followed by an increase in rGFR, which then decreased. No significant histopathological kidney changes were observed. CONCLUSION: CsA treatment with 20 mg/kg/day for 6 months causes increased serum creatinine, blood pressure, RVR, and renal volume along with a decrease in RBF in accordance with data obtained in humans. The initial temporal changes in renal volume and function during CsA administration have similarities to the functional changes seen in early diabetes
Impulse-forces during walking are not increased in patients with knee osteoarthritis
No full textUdgivelsesdato: AU
Central and peripheral determinants of fatigue in acute hypoxia
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Docter of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University on 24th March 2011.Fatigue is defined as an exercise-induced decrease in maximal voluntary force produced by a muscle. Fatigue may arise from central and/or peripheral mechanisms. Supraspinal fatigue (a component of central fatigue) is defined as a suboptimal output from the motor cortex and measured using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Reductions in O2 supply (hypoxia) exacerbate fatigue and as the severity of hypoxia increases, central mechanisms of fatigue are thought to contribute more to exercise intolerance. In study 1, the feasibility of TMS to measure cortical voluntary activation and supraspinal fatigue of human knee-extensors was determined. TMS produced reliable measurements of cortical voluntary activation within- and between-days, and enabled the assessment of supraspinal fatigue. In study 2, the mechanisms of fatigue during single-limb exercise in normoxia (arterial O2 saturation [SaO2] ~98%), and mild to severe hypoxia (SaO2 93-80%) were determined. Hypoxia did not alter neuromuscular function or cortical voluntary activation of the knee-extensors at rest, despite large reductions in cerebral oxygenation. Maximal force declined by ~30% after single-limb exercise in all conditions, despite reduced exercise time in severe-hypoxia compared to normoxia (15.9 ± 5.4 vs. 24.7 ± 5.5 min; p < 0.05). Peripheral mechanisms of fatigue contributed more to the reduction in force generating capacity of the knee-extensors following single-limb exercise in normoxia and mild- to moderate-hypoxia, whereas supraspinal fatigue played a greater role in severe-hypoxia. In study 3, the effect of constant-load cycling exercise to the limit of tolerance in hypoxia (SaO2 ~80%) and normoxia was investigated. Time to the limit of tolerance was significantly shorter in hypoxia compared to normoxia (3.6 ± 1.3 vs. 8.1 ± 2.9 min; p < 0.001). The reductions in maximal voluntary force and knee-extensor twitch force at task-failure were not different in hypoxia compared to normoxia. However, the level of supraspinal fatigue was exacerbated in hypoxia, and occurred in parallel with reductions in cerebral oxygenation and O2 delivery. Supraspinal fatigue contributes to the decrease in whole-body exercise tolerance in hypoxia, presumably as a consequence of inadequate O2 delivery to the brain
