250 research outputs found
Seneca by candlelight and other stories of Renaissance drama
No full text""English Seneca read by candlelight," wrote the Elizabethan author Thomas Nashe, "will afford you whole Hamlets." In the early decades of this century, literary and theater historians took Nashe at his word, finding Senecan tragedy at the source of Renaissance drama. More recently, critics have been inclined to dismiss traces of classical antiquity as a superficial veneer on a drama derived from medieval traditions." "In Seneca by Candlelight Lorraine Helms revisits this terrain to explore the rich and various ways in which classical learning shaped the theatrical culture of the Renaissance. Grounding her book as much in her own experiences as a performer as on her easy command of literary and social history, Helms uncovers the practical advice on acting and stagecraft to be found in the writings of ancient rhetoricians; reconstructs the extraordinary circumstances under which an English woman first rendered Euripides into her native language; and ponders the precedents in antiquity for Elizabethan portrayals of prostitution and female martyrdom."--BOOK JACKET
European Pharmaceutical Price Regulation, Firm Profitability, and R&D Spending
No full textEU countries closely regulate pharmaceutical prices whereas the U.S. does not. This paper shows how price constraints affect the profitability, stock returns, and R&D spending of EU and U.S. firms. Compared to EU firms, U.S. firms are more profitable, earn higher stock returns, and spend more on research and development (R&D). Some differences have increased over time. In 1986, EU pharmaceutical R&D exceeded U.S. R&D by about 24 percent, but by 2004, EU R&D trailed U.S. R&D by about 15 percent. During these 19 years, U.S. R&D spending grew at a real annual compound rate of 8.8 percent, while EU R&D spending grew at a real 5.4 percent rate. Results show that EU consumers enjoyed much lower pharmaceutical price inflation, however, at a cost of 46 fewer new medicines introduced by EU firms and 1680 fewer EU research jobs.
Methods for regulating and monitoring resistance training
No full text© 2020 Eric R. Helms, Kedric Kwan, Colby A. Sousa, John B. Cronin, Adam G. Storey, Michael C. Zourdos, published by Sciendo 2020. Individualisation can improve resistance training prescription. This is accomplished via monitoring or autoregulating training. Autoregulation adjusts variables at an individualised pace per performance, readiness, or recovery. Many autoregulation and monitoring methods exist; therefore, this review\u27s objective was to examine approaches intended to optimise adaptation. Up to July 2019, PubMed, Medline, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and CINAHL were searched. Only studies on methods of athlete monitoring useful for resistance-training regulation, or autoregulated training methods were included. Eleven monitoring and regulation themes emerged across 90 studies. Some physiological, performance, and perceptual measures correlated strongly (r ≥ 0.68) with resistance training performance. Testosterone, cortisol, catecholamines, cell-free DNA, jump height, throwing distance, barbell velocity, isometric and dynamic peak force, maximal voluntary isometric contractions, and sessional, repetitions in reserve-(RIR) based, and post-set Borg-scale ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were strongly associated with training performance, respectively. Despite strong correlations, many physiological and performance methods are logistically restrictive or limited to lab-settings, such as blood markers, electromyography or kinetic measurements. Some practical performance tests such as jump height or throw distance may be useful, low-risk stand-ins for maximal strength tests. Performance-based individualisation of load progression, flexible training configurations, and intensity and volume modifications based on velocity and RIR-based RPE scores are practical, reliable and show preliminary utility for enhancing performance
Teachers' perceptions of testing for students in a standards-based public education setting
No full textIncludes bibliographical references
MFA15 (MFA 2015)
No full textCatalogue of a culminating student exhibition held at the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, May 1 - August 2, 2015 . Introduction / Heather Corcoran and Patricia Olynyk -- Diana Casanova / Emily J. Hanson -- Andrea M. Coates : in the operating theater / Stephanie Dering -- Margaux Crump -- Brandon Daniels -- Addoley Dzegede : do you prefer answers or truth? / Aaron Coleman -- Vita Eruhimovitz -- Carling Hale -- Amanda Helman -- Mike Helms / Ming Ying Hong -- Ming Ying Hong / Emily J. Hanson -- Sea A Joung / Ervin Malakaj -- Stephanie Kang / Jeremy Shipley -- Dayna Jean Kriz / Andrew Johnson -- Thomas Moore : you should move to the city / Nathaniel Rosenthalis -- Jacob Muldowney -- Laurel Panella / Garrett Clough -- Caitlin Penny -- On the bridge, between Juarez and El Paso / Eric Lyle Schultz -- Jeremy Shipley -- Emmeline Solomon -- Kellie Spano / Margaux Crump -- Michael Aaron Williams -- Austin R. Wolf : monumental labor / Adam Turl.https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/books/1015/thumbnail.jp
Evidence-based recommendations for natural bodybuilding contest preparation: nutrition and supplementation
No full textThe popularity of natural bodybuilding is increasing; however, evidence-based recommendations for it are lacking. This paper reviewed the scientific literature relevant to competition preparation on nutrition and supplementation, resulting in the following recommendations. Caloric intake should be set at a level that results in bodyweight losses of approximately 0.5 to 1%/wk to maximize muscle retention. Within this caloric intake, most but not all bodybuilders will respond best to consuming 2.3-3.1 g/kg of lean body mass per day of protein, 15-30% of calories from fat, and the reminder of calories from carbohydrate. Eating three to six meals per day with a meal containing 0.4-0.5 g/kg bodyweight of protein prior and subsequent to resistance training likely maximizes any theoretical benefits of nutrient timing and frequency. However, alterations in nutrient timing and frequency appear to have little effect on fat loss or lean mass retention. Among popular supplements, creatine monohydrate, caffeine and beta-alanine appear to have beneficial effects relevant to contest preparation, however others do not or warrant further study. The practice of dehydration and electrolyte manipulation in the final days and hours prior to competition can be dangerous, and may not improve appearance. Increasing carbohydrate intake at the end of preparation has a theoretical rationale to improve appearance, however it is understudied. Thus, if carbohydrate loading is pursued it should be practiced prior to competition and its benefit assessed individually. Finally, competitors should be aware of the increased risk of developing eating and body image disorders in aesthetic sport and therefore should have access to the appropriate mental health professionals. © 2014 Helms et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
Is bodybuilding a sport?
No full textSince its beginnings, modern bodybuilding has been accompanied by the background issue of whether it should be considered a sport. The problem, culminating in its provisional acceptance as a sport by the International Olympic Committee, was later retracted. The uncertainty of whether bodybuilding is a sport or not seems to linger. Addressing this issue, Aranyosi (2018) provided an account to determine the status of bodybuilding as a sport that arrives at the negative answer: bodybuilding is not a sport but rather a form of artistic presentation. In this paper, we disagree with Aranyosi. We argue that by the standards he presents in his first argument, bodybuilding should be considered a sport. Further, we argue that his alternative approach on how to evaluate a discipline as more sport- or art-like on a spectrum, is not a valid basis to make such a judgment regarding bodybuilding. Further, even if his spectrum was modified to enable such a judgment, again it would result in bodybuilding being evaluated as a sport. Therefore, we conclude that everyone who accepts Aranyosi´s (or any less restrictive) requirements to decide whether bodybuilding is a sport, has to consider bodybuilding as a sport or refrain from making claims about its status
Using the Repetitions in Reserve-based Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale to Autoregulate Powerlifting Training
No full textAutoregulation is a training approach where adjustments are made based on the recovery, performance and readiness of the individual. By providing greater individualisation, autoregulation may optimise muscular adaptations. This thesis investigates the practical implementation of autoregulation in strength training to answer the question: “can autoregulation, through the use of the novel rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale based on repetitions in reserve (RIR), improve the efficacy of powerlifting training?”. First an introduction to powerlifting and the training concepts common to it is undertaken. Then, the history of RPE in powerlifting is detailed, establishing the thesis framework. In Chapter two the body of knowledge on methods of monitoring and regulating resistance training is reviewed. Those methods with strong (r ≥ 0.68) relationships to resistance training performance are highlighted and the need for further investigation into the use of the RIR-based RPE scale in autoregulation is identified. Chapter three is a narrative review of the history of RPE scales in resistance training and the utility of the RIR- based RPE scale. In Chapter four, this scale’s utility when conducting one-repetition maximum (1RM) tests in competitive powerlifters is assessed. Specifically, while similar, near-maximal RPE at 1RM among the powerlifts (9.7-9.8 RPE; p > 0.05) was found, average concentric velocity (ACV) among the squat (0.23 ± 0.05 m·s-1), bench press (0.10 ± 0.04 m·s-1) and deadlift (0.14 ± 0.05 m·s-1) differed (p < 0.05). The relative training volume of powerlifters, when using three levels of the ‘RPE stops’ method to regulate number of sets performed, over a 3-week training period is reported in Chapter five. Briefly, this method sets an RPE-threshold whereby if reached, sets are no longer performed, after a percentage reduction from the first set’s load is implemented. Specifically, 2, 4 and 6% RPE stops were investigated. Weekly combined relative volume load (squat + bench press + deadlift), expressed as sets x repetitions x percentage 1RM differed between weeks (p < 0.001): 2% = 74.6 ± 22.3; 4% = 88.4 ± 23.8; 6% = 114.4 ± 33.4. Chapter six is an analysis of the same cohort of powerlifters’ ability to accurately select loads based on RPE targets during this 3-week period. Overall, post-set RPE scores differed minimally (0.33 ± 0.28 RPE) compared to target RPEs. In Chapter seven, the effectiveness of training with self-selected loads based on a target RPE range versus using a traditional percentage 1RM-based approach for the bench press and back squat was tested in two parallel groups of resistance-trained males for 8 weeks. While both groups increased 1RM and muscle thickness (p < 0.05), differences between groups were non-significant. However, probabilistic analysis of effect size (ES) indicated a greater likelihood (57-79% probability) that RPE-based loading provided small (ES = 0.28-0.50) advantages for improving 1RM strength compared to percentage 1RM- based loading. Additionally, average percentage of 1RM, relative volume and RPE differed during training, as well as subjective recovery. Chapter eight is a summary of the findings, their applications, and future research directions in powerlifting and strength training as a whole
A Review of the Biomechanical Differences Between the High-Bar and Low-Bar Back-Squat
No full textGlassbrook, DJ, Helms, ER, Brown, SR, and Storey, AG. A review of the biomechanical differences between the high-bar and low-bar back-squat. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2618–2634, 2017—The back-squat is a common exercise in strength and conditioning for a variety of sports. It is widely regarded as a fundamental movement to increase and measure lower-body and trunk function, as well as an effective injury rehabilitation exercise. There are typically 2 different bar positions used when performing the back-squat: the traditional “high-bar” back-squat (HBBS) and the “low-bar” back-squat (LBBS). Different movement strategies are used to ensure that the center of mass remains in the base of support for balance during the execution of these lifts. These movement strategies manifest as differences in (a) joint angles, (b) vertical ground reaction forces, and (c) the activity of key muscles. This review showed that the HBBS is characterized by greater knee flexion, lesser hip flexion, a more upright torso, and a deeper squat. The LBBS is characterized by greater hip flexion and, therefore, a greater forward lean. However, there are limited differences in vertical ground reaction forces between the HBBS and LBBS. The LBBS can also be characterized by a greater muscle activity of the erector spinae, adductors, and gluteal muscles, whereas the HBBS can be characterized by greater quadriceps muscle activity. Practitioners seeking to develop the posterior-chain hip musculature (i.e., gluteal, hamstring, and erector muscle groups) may seek to use the LBBS. In comparison, those seeking to replicate movements with a more upright torso and contribution from the quadriceps may rather seek to use the HBBS in training
Does Retirement Affect Cognitive Functioning?
No full textThis paper analyzes the effect of retirement on cognitive functioning using two large scale surveys. On the one hand the HRS, a longitudinal survey among individuals aged 50+ living in the United States, allows us to control for individual heterogeneity and endogeneity of the retirement decision by using the eligibility age for Social Security as an instrument. On the other hand, a comparable international European survey, SHARE, allows us to identify the causal effect of retirement on cognitive functioning by using the cross-country differences in the age-pattern of retirement. The results highlight in both cases a significant negative, and quantitatively comparable, effect of retirement on cognitive functioning. Our results suggest that promoting labor force participation of older workers is not only desirable to insure the viability of retirement schemes, but it could also delay cognitive decline, and thus the occurrence of associated impairments at older age.labour economics ;
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