913 research outputs found
"Maastricht 2042 and the Fate of Europe: Toward Convergence and Full Employment"
No full textUnemployment in the European Union (EU) is a serious problem that threatens to disrupt the integration of accession countries, the character of individual countries, and the continued existence of the EU. According to Senior Scholar James K. Galbraith, European integration poses a huge conundrum for European employment because the conventional theory explaining unemployment in EuropeÐlabor market rigiditiesÐis wrong. The application of this policy will not cure European unemployment, but it could destroy the economic promise of the EU for its poorer regions and the accession countries.
CM2Mc Simulation Library
No full textCM2Mc is a coarse-resolution (3-degree) version of the GFDL coupled model. It is similar to CM2.1 and ESM2M, with larger biases. It includes the BLING biogeochemical module (both the published version, v0, and a developmental version with more functionality). The basic model is described by Galbraith et al., 2011. The code used here has been updated from the original publication (to the GFDL Siena release) and there are some small modifications to the runtime parameters as described in Galbraith and de Lavergne, 2018.
Simulation output is provided here, with no strings attached, in the hope that it might be useful for other investigators. Output can be used in publication, please just cite the description papers. If you have a burning question about anything, feel free to contact Eric. Otherwise, analyze away!
The GFDL Earth system model CM2Mc was run to quasi-equilibrium under a broad range of external forcings, as described by Galbraith and deLavergne (2018). The purpose of these simulations was to map out the expectations of a modern climate model – of the sort used for conducting future climate change scenarios – under conditions that have occurred in the geologically-recent past.
These simulations were described by Galbraith and de Lavergne (Climate Dynamics, 2018). Changes in ocean carbon storage among the simulations were also explored by Eggleston and Galbraith (Biogeosciences). However, these descriptions only scratch the surface – the output could be used to explore general mechanisms within the climate system, as well as their interactions with global biogeochemistry. The results could also be tested against new paleoclimate observations, to identify aspects of the simulations that are consistent, as well as to identify model biases and shortcomings when confronted with reality.
For more please see: https://earthsystemdynamics.org/models/cm2mc-simulation-library/equilibrium-simulations
"What is the American Model Really About? Soft Budgets and the Keynesian Devolution "
No full textThe "American Model" serves as a point of reference in discussions of economic policy around the world especially in Europe; many claim that the American version of the free market represents an ideal type-it is the highest form of capitalism. The author argues, however, that the United States has relied heavily on government intervention in housing, health care, pensions, and education. Not only have these programs been largely successful and popular, they also provide a Keynesian stimulus to spending that help account for the strength of the U.S. economy. Now that the U.S. is in a weak, jobless recovery, the key to restoring growth may lie in the kinds of governmental programs that have helped to sustain and stabilize the U.S. economy in the past.
John Kenneth Galbraith
No full textGalbraith, John Kenneth (15 Oct. 1908-29 Apr. 2006), economist and author, was born in Iona Station, Ontario, Canada, to Archibald Galbraith and Sarah Catherine Kendall. Galbraith, who advanced and reinterpreted institutionalist and Keynesian traditions in economics while promoting a liberal and progressive political agenda, was arguably the best-known and most influential economist and public intellectual of his generation. He published dozens of books, served in a number of high-level government positions, and, as a faculty member at Harvard University for more than a quarter of a century, advised every Democratic president from Franklin Roosevelt to Bill Clinton. Galbraith\u27s political education began at the hands of his father, who was active in agrarian politics in Ontario. Galbraith\u27s formal education at the outset was rudimentary. It began at a one-room school on Willy\u27s Sideroad and continued for four years at Dutton High School, followed by a fifth year at St. Thomas High School (the additional year necessitated by inadequate elementary school preparation). He matriculated at Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, where he pursued a B.Sc. in agricultural economics. His major was animal husbandry. In a Time interview he later described OAC as not only the cheapest but probably the worst college in the English-speaking world. Approaching graduation, and seeking wider horizons, he applied for and won a Giannini Fellowship in Agricultural Economics, and in 1931 journeyed westward and to the United States to pursue graduate study at the University of California at Berkeley. By all accounts (including those of the FBI) he now became a much stronger student, although he was aware that students and faculty in the regular economics department considered those in the department of agricultural economics as second class. His doctoral dissertation, which in retrospect Galbraith viewed as without distinction, examined county expenditures in California
Galbraith: el economista con un objetivo público
No full textIn Economics, what is absolutely mysterious is probably unimportant, said John Kenneth Galbraith (1908-2006) on several occasions about the usual economic language in comparison to the terminology used by other social sciences. Nonetheless, the american economist warned that this statement didn´t excuse anyone from mastering the fundamental ideas and conceptual apparatus of the discipline. Author of the trilogy The Opulent Society (1958), The New Industrial State (1967) and The Economy and the Public Purpose (1973), which received wide recognition from critics and readers; editor of Fortune in the immediate postwar period; Counselor of the presidents Roosevelt, Truman, Kennedy and Johnson, as well as a successful columnist and writer, Galbraith fought what he called "conventional wisdom": the social acceptability of the principles of neoclassical economics. With this objective, the professor at Harvard University attracted a large audience with the purpose of imposing certain issues on economists. Galbraith estimated that if the postulates of "conventional wisdom" were vulnerable, unreal, citizen intuition would respond. Finally, Galbraith was a pioneer in the television broadcast of economic ideas and their consequences through the series that starred for the BBC The Age of Uncertainty (1977).En Economía, lo que es absolutamente misterioso carece probablemente de importancia, señaló en varias ocasiones John Kenneth Galbraith (1908-2006) acerca del lenguaje económico habitual en comparación con la terminología empleada por otras ciencias sociales. No obstante, el economista keynesiano e institucionalista norteamericano advertía que dicha afirmación no excusaba a nadie de dominar las ideas y el aparato conceptual fundamentales de la disciplina. Autor de la trilogía La sociedad opulenta (1958), El nuevo Estado industrial (1967) y La economía y el objetivo público (1973), que obtuvo un amplio reconocimiento de crítica y lectores; editor de la revista Fortune en la inmediata postguerra; consejero de los presidentes Roosevelt, Truman, Kennedy y Johnson, así como articulista y escritor de éxito, Galbraith combatió lo que denominó "sabiduría convencional": la aceptabilidad social de los principios de la economía neoclásica. Para ello, el profesor de la Universidad de Harvard atrajo a un público numeroso con el propósito de imponer determinadas cuestiones a los economistas. Galbraith estimaba que si los postulados de la "sabiduría convencional" eran vulnerables, irreales, la intuición ciudadana respondería. Asimismo, Galbraith fue pionero en la difusión televisiva de las ideas económicas y sus consecuencias a través de la serie que protagonizó para la BBC La era de la incertidumbre (1977)
John Kenneth Galbraith a jeho přínos k problematice konzumerismu
No full textThe Diploma thesis "John Kenneth Galbraith and his contribution to the issue of consumerism" focuses on the definition of the socio-economic phenomenon of consumerism and the personality of John Kenneth Galbraith as one of the most important economists of the 20th century, and also an author dealing with the issue of consumerism. The first, theoretical, part of the diploma thesis is focused on John Kenneth Galbraith's biography and his significance in the history of economic thinking. Furthermore, this part of the thesis deals with the issue of consumerism itself. Emphasis is placed primarily on the analysis of the issue through the view of John Kenneth Galbraith. The second, practical, part of the diploma thesis is focused on a didactic-methodical material, which can be used in the teaching of the issue of consumerism in the subject of Social studies at the grammar school level
BOATSv2 : BiOeconomic mArine Trophic Size-spectrum Model
No full text<ul>
<li>Carozza, D.A., Bianchi, D. and Galbraith, E.D., 2016. The ecological module of BOATS-1.0: a bioenergetically constrained model of marine upper trophic levels suitable for studies of fisheries and ocean biogeochemistry. Geoscientific Model Development, 9(4), pp.1545-1565.</li>
<li>Carozza, D.A., Bianchi, D. and Galbraith, E.D., 2017. Formulation, general features and global calibration of a bioenergetically-constrained fishery model. PloS one, 12(1), p.e0169763.</li>
<li>Galbraith, E.D., Le Mézo, P., Solanes Hernandez, G., Bianchi, D. and Kroodsma, D., 2019. Growth limitation of marine fish by low iron availability in the open ocean. Frontiers in Marine Science, p.509.</li>
<li>Scherrer, K. and Galbraith, E., 2020. Regulation strength and technology creep play key roles in global long-term projections of wild capture fisheries. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 77(7-8), pp.2518-2528.</li>
<li>Guiet, J., Bianchi, D., Scherrer, K., Heneghan, R. and Galbraith, E.D., 2024. BOATSv2: New ecological and economic features improve simulations of High Seas catch and effort. Preprint.</li>
</ul>
Two Newspaper Clippings
No full textThe newspaper clipping titled Short Stories of Ohio, written by J. B. Galbraith, covers Dr. Otto B. Cornell\u27s discovery of an old poem manuscript from his mother, Lucinda Lenore Merriss, which she supposedly wrote with the help of Ben Hanby. The second clipping, titled Getting Together with an unknown author, reports on the proposed union of the [Republicans and Progressives] under the G. O. P.https://digitalcommons.otterbein.edu/cornell_ephemera/1308/thumbnail.jp
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Impact of Weddell Sea deep convection on natural and anthropogenic carbon in a climate model
No full textA climate model is used to investigate the influence of Weddell Sea open ocean deep convection on anthropogenic and natural carbon uptake for the period 1860-2100. In a three-member ensemble climate change simulation, convection ceases on average by year 1981, weakening the net oceanic cumulative uptake of atmospheric CO2 by year 2100 (-4.3 Pg C) relative to an ocean that has continued convection. This net weakening results from a decrease in anthropogenic carbon uptake (-10.1 Pg C), partly offset by an increase in natural carbon storage (+5.8 Pg C). Despite representing only 4% of its area, the Weddell Sea is responsible for 22% of the Southern Ocean decrease in total climate-driven carbon uptake and 52% of the decrease in the anthropogenic component of oceanic uptake. Although this is a model-specific result, it illustrates the potential of deep convection to produce an inter-model spread in future projections of ocean carbon uptake
John Kenneth Galbraith, A Life in Order to Fulfill a Perfect Society
No full textJohn Kenneth Galbraith, an influential liberal economist, best-selling author and former presidential advisor died on Saturday 29th April 2006, at Mount Aubrun Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was 97 (Reuters, Sun Apr. 30, 2006 4:07 PM ET). Economist and social analyst, researcher and economics professor at Harvard University, Galbraith has been considered by many analysts as “the last American Institutionalist”. His work stands as testimony for an internal kneading of a man with distinguished moral and professional carriage which wholly understood the fate of an intellectual, being in society service and trying to correct its excesses, to find solutions to the problems that society encounters
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