5 research outputs found
Abstract 1496: Connecting the metallome with metabolism in ovarian cancer
No full textAbstract
Ovarian cancer has historically been diagnosed late stage and lacks effective biomarkers for detection and prognosis. The deregulation of metabolism and signaling cascades inherent of cancer may contribute to aberrant levels of metal within cells. Biological processes essential for cell proliferation require metals for enzyme cofactors, signaling molecules, and structural components. Metallomics is the study of the comprehensive, dynamic metal profile within cells. The goal of our study was to characterize the ovarian cancer metallome at the level of whole cell and mitochondria in comparison to non-cancer. Additionally, cellular metabolism was analyzed to connect the mitochondrial (mito-)metallome to mitochondrial function. Ten human ovarian cancer cell lines were used for experiments: A2780, CAOV3, A2780/CIS, A2780/CP70, ES2, OVCAR3, OVCAR5, SKOV3, TOV112, and TOV21. Three non-cancer human ovarian cell lines of epithelial and fibroblast origin served as controls. Inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to evaluate the metallome by measuring the following metals: calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), phosphorous (P), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn). An XF24 Seahorse analyzer was used to measure cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function in the ovarian cancer and non-cancer cell lines. Our results demonstrated that there was a distinct metal profile at the level of the whole cell and mitochondria in ovarian cancer cells compared to non-cancer ovarian cells. The whole cell ovarian cancer metallome consisted of increased Mg, P, and Cu, and decreased Fe, Mn, and Se in comparison to non-cancer. The cancer mito-metallome consisted of increased Mg, P, Cu, Zn, Se, and Ca. Referencing established literature of the known metals that serve as cofactors for mitochondrial proteins, the relationship between the mito-metallome and functional metabolic pathways was established. Changes in cellular metabolism were reflected by changes in the mito-metallome. Our study was the first to evaluate an extensive panel of metals simultaneously in the mitochondria and bridge the unique metal signature of ovarian cancer to cell metabolism. Future proteomics studies will be used to further validate the connection of metals to cellular function. Metallomics and the ovarian cancer cell metallome provide further understanding of how cancer deregulates the metallome and how metallomics may provide an avenue for identifying new cancer biomarkers and allow for effective targeting of cancer with chemotherapy.
Citation Format: Eric D. Shide, Lauren Amable. Connecting the metallome with metabolism in ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1496. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1496</jats:p
Assessing the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of adaptive e-Learning to improve dietary behaviour: protocol for a systematic review
No full textBackground: The composition of habitual diets is associated with adverse or protective effects on aspects of health. Consequently, UK public health policy strongly advocates dietary change for the improvement of population health and emphasises the importance of individual empowerment to improve health. A new and evolving area in the promotion of dietary behavioural change is e-Learning, the use of interactive electronic media to facilitate teaching and learning on a range of issues, including diet and health. The aims of this systematic review are to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of adaptive e-Learning for improving dietary behaviours.
Methods/Design: The research will consist of a systematic review and a cost-effectiveness analysis. Studies will be considered for the review if they are randomised controlled trials, involving participants aged 13 or over, which evaluate the effectiveness or efficacy of interactive software programmes for improving dietary behaviour. Primary outcome measures will be those related to dietary behaviours, including estimated intakes of energy, nutrients and dietary fibre, or the estimated number of servings per day of foods or food groups. Secondary outcome measures will be objective clinical measures that are likely to respond to changes in dietary behaviours, such as anthropometry or blood biochemistry. Knowledge, self-efficacy, intention and emotion will be examined as mediators of dietary behaviour change in order to explore potential mechanisms of action. Databases will be searched using a comprehensive four-part search strategy, and the results exported to a bibliographic database. Two review authors will independently screen results to identify potentially eligible studies, and will independently extract data from included studies, with any discrepancies at each stage settled by a third author. Standardised forms and criteria will be used. A descriptive analysis of included studies will describe study design, participants, the intervention, and outcomes. Statistical analyses appropriate to the data extracted, and an economic evaluation using a cost-utility analysis, will be undertaken if sufficient data exist, and effective components of successful interventions will be investigated.
Discussion: This review aims to provide comprehensive evidence of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of adaptive e-Learning interventions for dietary behaviour change, and explore potential psychological mechanisms of action and the effective components of effective interventions. This can inform policy makers and healthcare commissioners in deciding whether e-Learning should be part of a comprehensive response to the improvement of dietary behaviour for health, and if so which components should be present for interventions to be effective
Cisplatin is retained in the cochlea indefinitely following chemotherapy
No full textAbstractCisplatin chemotherapy causes permanent hearing loss in 40–80% of treated patients. It is unclear whether the cochlea has unique sensitivity to cisplatin or is exposed to higher levels of the drug. Here we use inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to examine cisplatin pharmacokinetics in the cochleae of mice and humans. In most organs cisplatin is detected within one hour after injection, and is eliminated over the following days to weeks. In contrast, the cochlea retains cisplatin for months to years after treatment in both mice and humans. Using laser ablation coupled to ICP-MS, we map cisplatin distribution within the human cochlea. Cisplatin accumulation is consistently high in the stria vascularis, the region of the cochlea that maintains the ionic composition of endolymph. Our results demonstrate long-term retention of cisplatin in the human cochlea, and they point to the stria vascularis as an important therapeutic target for preventing cisplatin ototoxicity.</jats:p
Encouraging healthy eating behaviours through healthy eating environments. Case of Durham University
No full textThe aim of the study was to perform a formative research by exploring, describing and evaluating at the same time on various factors that influence eating behaviours on campus. The study looks at the situation of Durham University’s college catering system and students’ eating practices, needs, barriers to eat healthy, and explores how the upstream social marketing approach could be advantageous in creating healthy eating environments.
The report notes inconsistencies in strategy implementation within Durham University’s catering initiative to provide students with nutritionally balanced meals and nutritional
information, ultimately trying to promote healthy intakes. Great number of students suggested that meal offering was a barrier to making healthy choice. Most students were
not generally aware of their personal nutritional requirements, indicating a knowledge gap, even for those who considered healthy eating important.
Findings, confirmed through the research, indicate that a considerable element in the creation of healthy eating environments at Durham University’s colleges lies within the provision of nutritionally balanced meals and the adoption of more effective means of communicating nutritional information to students and encouraging them to make healthy choices
