1,129 research outputs found
Newfoundland Project - Jim Decker builds a longliner
No full textJim Decker describes how, with the help of friends, he was able to build a longliner, overcoming problems of financing, lack of tools, and lack of government support; the launch of the new longliner, with a speech by Dan Roberts and MHA Eric Jones; some discussion of the fishery, especially the problem of bycatches of unharvestable species, and of the possible decline of the cod population.Static on the audio; Transcription by Susan Newhoo
Acid-hydrolyzed phenolic extract of parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) leaves inhibits lipid oxidation in soybean oil-in-water emulsions
No full textThe antioxidant activity of the natural phenolic extracts is limited in particular food systems due to the existence of phenolic compounds in glycoside form. Acid hydrolysis post-treatment could be a tool to convert the glycosidic polyphenols in the extracts to aglycones. Therefore, this research investigated the effects of an acid hydrolysis post-treatment on the composition and antioxidant activity of parsley extracts obtained by an ultrasound-assisted extraction method to delay lipid oxidation in a real food system (i.e., soybean oil-in-water emulsion). Acid hydrolysis conditions were varied to maximize total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. When extracts were exposed to 0.6 M HCl for 2 h at 80 °C, TPC was 716.92 ± 24.43 μmol gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L, and DPPH radical scavenging activity was 66.89 ± 1.63 %. Not only did acid hydrolysis increase the concentrations of individual polyphenols, but it also resulted in the release of new phenolics such as myricetin and gallic acid. The extract's metal chelating and ferric-reducing activity increased significantly after acid hydrolysis. In soybean oil-in-water emulsion containing a TPC of 400 μmol GAE/L, the acid-hydrolyzed extract had an 11-day lag phase for headspace hexanal compared to the 6-day lag phase of unhydrolyzed extract. The findings indicated that the conversion of glycosidic polyphenols to aglycones in phenolic extracts can help extend the shelf-life of emulsion-based foods
Antioxidant and prooxidant activity of acid-hydrolyzed phenolic extracts of sugar beet leaves in oil-in-water emulsions
No full textThis study aimed to enhance the oxidative stability of soybean oil-in-water
emulsions using acid-hydrolyzed and unhydrolyzed extracts obtained from
sugar beet leaves. The optimum extraction process, which includes 8 min of
ultrasonication followed by a 2-h acid hydrolysis, released new phenolics
(e.g., catechin, myricetin, etc.) and increased the total phenolic content (TPC)
from 586.24 ± 11.45 to 982.42 ± 6.61 μmol gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L, and
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition from 46.63 ± 1.39 to
60.87 ± 1.12%. Acid hydrolysis increased the cupric chelating activity of the
extracts while decreasing ferrous chelating activity and trans-ferulic acid
concentration significantly (p < 0.05). The acid-hydrolyzed extract at a TPC of
100 μmol GAE/L prolonged the lag phase of hexanal accumulation in the emulsion
from 0 to 8 days, while 400 μmol GAE/L TPC of unhydrolyzed extract increased
the lag phase to 12 days. The results show that acid-hydrolyzed extracts in high
concentrations may act as prooxidants
Inhibition of lipid oxidation in soybean oil-in-water emulsions and bulk oil using acid hydrolyzed extracts of sugar beet leaves
No full textThis research investigated the effects of acid hydrolysis (AH) on phenolic extracts of sugar beet greens (SBG).
SBG extracts were acid hydrolyzed using 0.6 M HCl at 80 °C, and their total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, metal chelating activity, chlorophyll content and phenolic profile were monitored. The cupric chelating activity, TPC, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of extracts were significantly improved (p ≤ 0.05) after AH.
The chlorophyll content decreased significantly after AH. Moreover, AH disrupted the glycosidic link of phenolic compounds, causing concentrations of individual polyphenols to rise or the appearance of new phenolics such
as catechin, myricetin, etc. The extracts were added to soybean oil-in-water emulsions and bulk oil to inhibit lipid oxidation. The emulsion was prepared by adding 2% (w/v) stripped soybean oil and 0.2% (w/v) Tween 20 as a surfactant to a sodium acetate-imidazole buffer (10 mM, pH 7.0). The physical properties of the emulsions
were examined by assessing the distribution of droplet sizes and the zeta potential using a Zetasizer Nano-ZS apparatus. The oxidation stability of the emulsion was monitored by measuring the primary (hydroperoxide)
and secondary (hexanal) oxidation products. The Rancimat method was used to measure the oxidative stability of bulk soybean oil. The emulsion containing 400 μM TPC of the control extract had the longest lag phase in oxidative stability. However, the bulk oil containing 400 μM TPC of the acid-hydrolyzed extract had the highest
oxidative stability. Figure 1 shows the design of experiment of the project. The better effectiveness of acidhydrolyzed extract in the bulk suggests that the modified phenolic composition had a more favorable impact in this lipid environment
A Cross-Layer Multicast-Push Unicast-Pull (MPUP) Architecture for Reliable File-Stream Distribution
No full textThe growing deployment of OpenFlow/SDN networks makes it increasingly possible to leverage network multi-cast services. This work proposes a novel cross-layer Multicast- Push Unicast Pull (MPUP) architecture that includes functionality in the application, transport and link layers to offer users a reliable file-stream distribution service to multiple subscribers. A prototype implementation of the MPUP architecture was realized in a new version of Local Data Manager (LDM), LDM7, a software program that has been in use since 1994 for real-time meteorology data distribution. LDM6, the currently deployed version, uses application-layer multicast. Experiment were run on the GENI infrastructure to compare LDM7 and LDM6. The two main findings are (i) LDM7 can be run at a higher sending rate than LDM6 allowing for improved performance (lower file-delivery latency), and (ii) to achieve the same performance, LDM7 uses significantly lower bandwidth and compute capacity. A three-fold improvement in performance improvement was possible with LDM7, and a bandwidth reduction from 350 Mbps to 21.4 Mbps was observed with 24 receivers.Peer reviewe
Impact of Coupling an Ocean Model to WRF Nor’easter Simulations
No full textThe impact of ocean–atmosphere coupling and its possible seasonal dependence upon Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations of seven, wintertime cyclone events was investigated. Model simulations were identical aside from the degree of ocean model coupling (static SSTs, 1D mixed layer model, full-physics 3D ocean model). Both 1D and 3D ocean model coupling simulations show that SSTs following the passage of a nor’easter did tend to cool more strongly during the early season (October–December) and were more likely to warm late in the season (February–April). Model simulations produce SST differences of up to 1.14 K, but this change did not lead to significant changes in storm track ( 1) and have low-to-moderate threat scores (0.31–0.59). Analysis of the storm environment and the overall simulation failed to reveal any statistically significant differences in model error attributable to ocean–atmosphere coupling. Despite this result, ocean model coupling can reduce dynamical field error at a single level by up to 20%, and this was slightly greater (1%–2%) with 3D ocean model coupling as compared to 1D ocean model coupling. Thus, while 3D ocean model coupling tended to generally produce more realistic simulations, its impact would likely be more profound for longer-term simulations.© Copyright 2015 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act September 2010 Page 2 or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a web site or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy, available on the AMS Web site located at (http://www.ametsoc.org/) or from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or [email protected] reviewe
Impact of coupling an ocean model to WRF nor’easter simulations
No full textThe impact of ocean-atmosphere coupling and its possible seasonal dependence upon Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations of seven, winter-time cyclone events was investigated. Model simulations were identical aside from the degree of ocean model coupling (static SSTs, 1D mixed-layer model, full-physics 3D ocean model). Both 1D and 3D ocean model coupling simulations show that SSTs following the passage of a nor’easter did tend to cool more strongly during the early season (Oct-Dec) and were more likely to warm late in the season (Feb-Apr). Model simulations produce SST differences of up to 1.14 K, but this change did not lead to significant change in storm track ( 1) and have low-to-moderate threat scores (0.31 – 0.59). Analysis of the storm environment and the overall simulation failed to reveal any statistically significant differences in model error attributable to ocean-atmosphere coupling. Despite this result, ocean model coupling can reduce dynamical field error at a single level by up to 20%, and this was slightly greater (1-2%) with 3D ocean model coupling as compared to 1D ocean model coupling. Thus, while 3D ocean model coupling tended to generally produce more realistic simulations, its impact would likely be more profound for longer-term simulations.© Copyright 2015 American Meteorological Society (AMS). Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act September 2010 Page 2 or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108, as revised by P.L. 94-553) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a web site or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy, available on the AMS Web site located at (http://www.ametsoc.org/) or from the AMS at 617-227-2425 or [email protected] reviewe
Optimization of Phenolic Extracts of Sugar Beet Leaves with Minimal Chlorophyll Content using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to Enhance the Oxidative Stability of Different Oils
No full textBackground: Sugar beet leaves (SBLs), as unexploited food by-products, are a potential source for polyphenol recovery. However, the presence of chlorophylls in the phenolic extracts of SBLs hinders utilizing them in food products, as they may act as prooxidants when exposed to light. This project aims to use phenolic extracts with minimal chlorophyll content, optimized through response surface methodology (RSM), to enhance the oxidative stability of different vegetable oils.
Methods: The extracts were obtained from freeze-dried SBLs (Beta Vulgaris L., var. SMART DJERBA-KWS) using an ultrasound device (HD 2200.2, Bandelin, Berlin, Germany). A central composite design, using Design Expert software, was employed to set the extraction parameters, including solid-to-liquid ratio (SLR) (1-5% w/v), EtOH concentration (0-100%), amplitude (20-40%), and extraction time (2-10 min). In optimization through RSM, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were maximized, and chlorophylls yield was minimized. The phenolic profile and metal chelating activity of the optimized extract (OE) were analysed using HPLC, and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. OE was added to different vegetable oils, and their oxidative stability was monitored using the Rancimat method.
Results: Optimized extraction parameters were EtOH 25%, 8 min time, 25% amplitude, and 4% w/v SLR, resulting in 11.49 ± 0.66 mmol GAE/L TPC, 2.09 ± 0.06 mmol QE/L TFC, 3.16 ± 0.25 mmol TE/L FRAP, and 0.05 ± 0.01 mg/g chlorophylls yield. Trans-ferulic acid had the highest quantity among other phenolic compounds. Cupric and ferrous chelation activity of 300 μM TPC of OE were 48.95 ± 1.06% and 66.18 ± 1.31%, respectively. OE significantly increased the oxidative stability of all the oils.
Conclusions: This research proposes a green approach to utilize the by-products of sugar beet to obtain optimized natural extracts for increasing the shelf-life of lipid-containing food products.
Keywords: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, Polyphenols, Lipid oxidation
Review of A. Knight Powell. Depositions: Scenes from the late Medieval Church and the Modern Museum
No full textAuthor manuscript version of review published in:
Decker, John. Review of A. Knight Powell. Depositions: Scenes from the late Medieval Church and the Modern Museum (Brooklyn: Zone Books, 2012) in Church History: Studies in Christianity and Culture, Vol. 82, No. 3 (September, 2013): 723 – 725. doi:10.1017/S0009640713000917.</p
What happened to the tripple-decker?
No full textThesis (S.M. and M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-115).This thesis examines the three-decker, a type of small apartment house ("superposed flats") that is common in the Boston metropolitan region and elsewhere in New England. The three-decker is distinctive in two ways: its physical form, which is moderately dense and yet modest in scale; and its tenancy structure, which typically involves one household owning the entire building, while residing in one apartment and renting out the other two. This thesis poses three, interrelated questions: What is the origin of the three-decker? Why did it substantially disappear in the Boston area after 1920, and altogether by 1930? And what has kept it from coming back? In order to get at these questions, the thesis both examines the three-decker in its local context, and compares and contrasts it with similar building types in three other North American cities that have a rich tradition in them: Chicago, Montreal, and New York City. Chapter 1 introduces the topic and describes the three-decker and its counterparts elsewhere. Chapter 2 is a historical analysis that addresses the questions of the origins and decline of the three-decker.(cont.) Chapters 3, 4, 5 examine in turn design, economic, and regulatory factors that impinge, either negatively or positively, on the prospects for the three-decker and similar building types in the present day. Chapter 6 offers a summary of the findings, along with policy recommendations pertaining to the encouragement of superposed flat production and some final thoughts on the viability of the three-decker today. The three-decker is found to be a building type that is problematic in all but a few limited applications in the current era. However, the broader category of superposed flats is found to offer a great deal of potential, both for urban form-giving and for affordable housing. This potential is currently being realized, to different extents and in different ways, in Chicago, Montreal and New York, but not in Boston. This thesis argues that this should change, and that furthermore the superposed flats family of buildings has a lot to offer to cities - the majority of metropolitan areas on the North American continent - where it has never been part of the palette of residential forms.by Jacob Wegmann.S.M.and M.C.P
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