233 research outputs found
Rhydderch — Broderick?
No full textThe paper focuses on the British family name Broderick that for many years was believed, but never adequately explained, to derive from the British personal name Rhydderch. However, in the recently published Oxford Dictionary of Family Surnames in Britain and Ireland (Oxford University Press, 2016) the editors have changed tack and suggested that the name may in fact be a nickname derived from Middle English meaning ‘broad-backed, broad shouldered’, found also in English place-names in the north of England to mean ‘broad ridge’, etc. The editors supply ample examples of both the family name and the place-name in all its spellings. Whilst the forms may be suitable in place-names the given forms in the context of the family name Broderick seem to be late, as the name itself looks to be of much earlier provenance. In looking at the name the author argues that the family name Broderick in fact derives from the British personal name Rhydderch and seeks to explain the relevant phonological developments.Статья посвящена британской фамилии Broderick, которая, как давно считается (хотя эта версия так и не получила всестороннего адекватного объяснения), является производным от британского личного имени Rhydderch. В недавно опубликованном «Оксфордском словаре фамилий Британии и Ирландии» (Oxford Dictionary of Family Surnames in Britain and Ireland, 2016) редакторы заняли иную позицию, интерпретируя эту фамилию как прозвище, восходящее к среднеанглийскому слову со значением ‘ широкую спину, широкие плечи’, которое также зафиксировано в топонимии севера Англии в значении ‘широкий мост’. Составители словаря дают множество вариантов соответствующих фамилии и топоосновы, приводя примеры их функционирования. И хотя для объяснения топонимных образований приводимые формы вполне пригодны, они не могут объяснить появление фамилии Broderick, которая, по мнению автора, возникла существенно раньше упоминаемых в словаре случаев. Автор отстаивает традиционную точку зрения, согласно которой фамилия Broderick восходит к личному имени Rhydderch, и пытается объяснить соответствующие фонетические переходы
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF Vernonia amygdalina FRACTIONS
No full textVernonia amygdalina (VA) is a tropical African plant of the Asteraceae family used as dietary supplement and as a medicinal herb. In this study, fatty acid esters, fatty acid amide, triterpene, diterpene alcohols and phytostanols were identified as the major chemical groups in the aqueous and organic fractions of VA leaf extracts. Their structures were elucidated, on the basis of GC-MS data, as hexanedioic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester (2a), erucamide (2b) and squalene (2c) in the water fraction; hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (3a), 9(Z)12(Z)15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester (3b) and phytol (3c) in methanol fraction; phytol (4a), squalene (4b) and 7,22-ergostadienol (4c) in the petroleum ether fraction. Diterpene alcohol and aliphatic acid esters were higher in relative content than triterpene, fatty acid amide, and phytostanol in VA leaf extracts. In vitro evaluation of anti-proliferative activities of sample extracts on MDA-MB-231 cells revealed significant growth inhibition by methanol (45-70%, P \u3c 0.001) and petroleum ether (70-97%, P \u3c 0.001) fractions, compared to aqueous fraction (11-23%, P \u3c 0.05)
Characterization of partially transesterified poly(β-hydroxyalkanoate)s by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
No full textMatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) was used for the characterization of a partially transesterified poly(beta-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA), a polymer produced by the bacterial strain Alcaligenes eutrophus with saponified vegetable oils as the sole carbon sources. The transesterification was carried out separately under acidic and basic conditions to obtain PHA oligomers weighing \u3c10 kDa. The intact oligomers were detected in their cationized forms, [M + Na]+ and [M + K]+, by MALDI-TOFMS. A composition analysis, using the MALDI-TOF spectra, indicated that the oligomers obtained via acid catalysis contained a methyl 3-hydroxybutyrate end group, and those obtained by base catalysis had a methyl crotonate (olefinic) end group. In addition to hydroxybutyrate (HB), the oligomers were found to contain a small percentage of hydroxyvalerate, which was independently confirmed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In comparison, analysis of a commercial PHA polymer, transesterified under identical conditions, showed only the presence of HB, i.e., a pure poly(HB) homopolymer
Isolation and Characterization of Vibrio tubiashii Outer Membrane Proteins and Determination of a toxR Homolog
No full textOuter membrane proteins (OMPs) expressed by Vibrio tubiashii under different environmental growth conditions were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and PCR analyses. Results showed the presence of a 38- to 40-kDa OmpU-like protein and ompU gene, a maltoporin-like protein, several novel OMPs, and a regulatory toxR homolog
Influence of iron-chelated growth conditions on outer membrane protein production and virulence of Vibrio tubiashii
No full textGrowth of two Vibrio tubiashii strains under iron-chelated conditions resulted in the production of a hydroxymate-like siderophore, and expression of outer membrane proteins with homologies to proteins in Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus which were not seen in cells grown under non-chelated growth conditions. PCR analysis using primers based on Listonella anguillarum\u27s ferric uptake Repressor protein (fur) gene detected a 316 bp fur gene homolog which also had sequence homology to the fur genes of V. cholerae and V. vulnificus. V. tubiashii cultured under iron-chelated growth conditions induced a greater fluid accumulation (FA) response in suckling mice than cells which were cultured under iron non-chelated growth conditions. Our observations that V. tubiashii possesses a fur-like gene homolog and expresses unique OMPs, a hydroxymate-like siderophore, and produces an increased fluid accumulation response in suckling mice when grown under iron-chelated condition support previous findings that V. tubiashii may have the essential components for the survival and establishment of infections and this report represents the first observations of competent iron acquisition system in V. tubiashii which is similar to those produced by other marine vibrios, many of which are pathogenic for humans
Behavior of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in tomato and processed tomato products
No full textThe survival of E. coli O157:H7 in acid foods for weeks and its prolonged survival in refrigerated acid foods are well documented. This prompted the study to evaluate survival of E. coli O157:H7 in tomato and processed tomato products. The pH of the various products ranged from 4.2 to 4.8 and some products contained preservatives such as vinegar. Samples were separately inoculated with a mixture of four E. coli O157:H7 strains previously isolated from hamburger meat at lower and higher initial inoculum levels, incubated at 4 and 25 °C and assayed for survival at regular intervals. In fresh whole tomato, growth was detected until day 4 and complete elimination was observed at day 7 at room temperature incubation. At refrigeration temperature, counts decreased slightly but survival was noted until day 10. In processed whole tomato, similar patterns were seen at room temperature incubation, but elimination was not observed until day 16. At refrigeration temperatures counts at day 16 were higher than the initial inoculum level. In processed tomato juice, the test strains kept on growing for over 20 days at room temperature storage, whereas at refrigeration temperature, the initial number was more or less maintained until day 23. In processed tomato sauce, incubated at room temperature, a sharp decline in number until day 6 was followed by a sharp increase in number until day 16. At refrigeration temperature, the test strain survived until day 16 with slight decrease in number. The test strains were eliminated in ketchup within 2 days at room temperature, whereas elimination was not achieved until day 8 at refrigeration temperature. In pasta sauce and snack sauce, although elimination was observed at days 11 and 7, respectively, at room temperature incubation, the test strains survived for about 22 days at refrigeration temperature without much decrease in count. Patterns were similar at higher levels of initial inoculation, but it took longer to achieve elimination of the test strains. This study demonstrated that E. coli O157:H7 can survive markedly in various tomato products, and the survival is notably prolonged at refrigeration temperatures
Evidence to EAC Environmental Risks of Fracking inquiry January 2015
No full textWritten evidence submitted to EAC inquiry: http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/environmental-audit-committee/news/environmental-risks-of-fracking-terms-of-reference/Dr John Broderick is a Knowledge Exchange Fellow at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research within the School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester www.tyndall.manchester.ac.uk. All views contained within are attributable to the author and do not necessarily reflect those of other researchers at the Tyndall Centre or University of Manchester. This briefing concerns the climate change consequences of a potential shale gas industry in the UK and not the full range of conceivable benefits and negative impacts
Evidence to EAC Environmental Risks of Fracking inquiry January 2015
No full textWritten evidence submitted to EAC inquiry: http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/commons-select/environmental-audit-committee/news/environmental-risks-of-fracking-terms-of-reference/Dr John Broderick is a Knowledge Exchange Fellow at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research within the School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester www.tyndall.manchester.ac.uk. All views contained within are attributable to the author and do not necessarily reflect those of other researchers at the Tyndall Centre or University of Manchester. This briefing concerns the climate change consequences of a potential shale gas industry in the UK and not the full range of conceivable benefits and negative impacts
Extracellular enzyme production by Rhizopus and Mucor species on solid media
No full textSolid media were employed to determine the presence and absence of extracellular enzyme production by two genera of fruit-rot fungi, Rhizopus and Mucor. The results of this investigation revealed that phosphatase was released into the cultural medium by all the fungi examined; however, only R. oryzae, R. tritici, M. mucedo, and M. piriformis showed the possibility of being high producers of the enzyme. Protease, urease, ribonuclease, pectate lyase, and polygalacturonase, at varying levels of activity, were detected, in the majority of the fungi, in the cultural medium
Riprap Stability Versus Monochromatic and Irregular Waves
No full textA three-phase study of riprap stabi1ity was conducted at the u.s. Army Coastal Engineering Research Center. Phase One was large-scale tests of riprap stability using monochromatic waves (Ahrens, 1975). Phase Two was small-scale tests of riprap stability that replicated the Phase One, large-scale tests at a 1:10 Froude scale (Broderick and Ahrens, 1982). Phase Three was small-sca1e tests of riprap stability using irregular waves. The test setup and procedures, data analysis, and resu1ts are discussed. The small-scale tests, Phase Two, gave more conservative estimates of zero-damage wave heightsvand wave runup than those predicted by the large-scale test resu1ts, Phase One.vThe results from the Phases Two and Three tests showed that if the significant wave height is used in the standard stability equation, the structure would be underdesigned if the design guidance was based on monochromatic wave tests. If the two conclusions are considered and design guidance is based on laboratory tests done at small scale with monochromatic waves, the significant wave height is recommended to be used in design computation when designing a riprap revetment.KWP-collectio
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