18 research outputs found
March for Science: Sign with a quote from scientists Linus Pauling, E. Pine St. at Belmont Ave., Seattle, Washington, April 22, 2017
No full textText on signs read: "No science = No hops, no malt, no water, no beer [the letters in the word beer are made up of periodic element symbols]"; "Facts are the air of scientists. Without them you can never fly. - Linus Pauling. Science, not silence".
Linus Carl Pauling was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, and educator.
PH Coll 1478. KinseyK116The Seattle March for Science occurred on April 22, 2017. This date was chosen because April 22 is also Earth Day. According to organizers, as many as 20,000 people attended the march, which began at 10 a.m. in Cal Anderson Park in the Capitol Hill neighborhood. The march culminated at the International Fountain at the Seattle Center. The March for Science in Seattle was one of more than 500 similar marches taking place across the United States. Demonstrators marched in support of “robustly funded and publicly communicated science and evidence as a pillar of human freedom and prosperity” and also called “for science that upholds the common good, and for political leaders and policymakers to enact evidence-based policies in the public interest”, according to a statement put out by march organizers. Washington Governor Jay Inslee and Seattle Mayor Ed Murray came out to show their support.Scienc
Investigating the effect of Mimosa Pudica on dichlorvos induced hippocampal neurodegeneration in mice
No full textBackground: Dichlorvos, the Dimethyl Dichlorovinyl Phosphate (DDVP) poisoning is common due to its frequent usage as a food preservative. This is determining to assessing the reversal of DDVP-induced neurodegeneration by Mimosa pudica Methods: Fifty (50) adult BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to five groups (A-E) of 10 mice each. Group A mice were given normal feed and water, Group B mice were treated orally with 400 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) of Mimosa pudica, Group C mice were fed with 2.5% of 2, 2- DDVP poisoned feed (7ml of DDVP in 300ml of water, sprayed on the feed), Group D mice were fed 2.5% DDVP poisoned feed simultaneously with 400mg/kg b.wt. of Mimosa pudica (MP) orally; and Group E mice were fed 2.5% DDVP poisoned feed for 14 days and then treated orally with 400mg/kg b.wt. of Mimosa pudica for the remaining 14 days. The exposure lasted for 28 days through oral administration. Behavioural studies to assess spatial and non-spatial memory of the mice were carried out on the 27th day using the Y-Maze and Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test. On the 28th the mice were sacrificed using chloroform as anaesthesia. Immunohistochemical studies were perfused transcardially using normal saline followed by perfusion with 10% formal saline.Values were analyzed using Graphpad prism version 5.0. P values was set at 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001. Results: Neurodegeneration was observed in animals exposed to DDVP contaminated feed while treatment with MP after DDVP exposure ameliorated the degeneration taken together. Conclusion: It was concluded that exposure to DDVP contaminated feed induces damage in the hippocampus which leads to synaptic loss and neurodegeneration
Promoting emerging literacy skills of Malaysian indigenous children through shared-book reading
No full textThis quasi-experimental study investigated whether and how an approach to classroom reading instruction, Shared Book Reading (SBR), impacts the development of vocabulary and oral Malay language of young Malaysian indigenous children learning Malay as a second language. 57 Orang Asli children from two first-grade classrooms participated in the study. One of the classes was randomly assigned to implement SBR sessions while the other served as control (delayed treatment). Prior to the intervention, all students were assessed on a grade-appropriate literacy test (LINUS 1), a rapid-automatized naming task (RAN), and a Children’s Nonword Repetition test (CNRep). After a five-week intervention, all students were assessed on a second literacy screening test (LINUS 2), vocabulary, storytelling, motivation, and Malay language learning attitudes. Results showed that experiences of SBR accelerated young Malaysian indigenous children’s oral Malay language production and increased their word-meaning knowledge. The SBR group performed significantly better than the control group on the word-defining task. They also produced more coherent narratives in a wordless picture story-telling task. They told the stories with greater verbal rate and their stories contained significantly greater vocabulary diversity. SBR discussions enhanced students’ motivation, engagement and attitudes toward Malay language learning. These results altogether yield significant implications for the literacy instruction of Malaysian indigenous children.Item withdrawn by Katherine Eriksen ([email protected]) on 2012-05-30T15:19:23Z
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Black seed oil reverses chronic antibiotic-mediated depression and social behaviour deficits via modulation of hypothalamic mitochondrial-dependent markers and insulin expression
No full textChronic antibiotic use has been reported to impair mitochondrial indices, hypothalamus-mediated metabolic function, and amygdala-regulated emotional processes. Natural substances such as black seed (Nigella sativa) oil could be beneficial in mitigating these impairments. This study aimed to assess the impact of black seed oil (NSO) on depression and sociability indices, redox imbalance, mitochondrial-dependent markers, and insulin expression in mice subjected to chronic ampicillin exposure. Forty adult male BALB/c mice (30 ± 2 g) were divided into five groups: the CTRL group received normal saline, the ABT group received ampicillin, the NSO group received black seed oil, the ABT/NSO group concurrently received ampicillin and black seed oil, and the ABT+NSO group experienced pre-exposure to ampicillin followed by subsequent treatment with black seed oil. The ampicillin-exposed group exhibited depressive-like behaviours, impaired social interactive behaviours, and disruptions in mitochondrial-dependent markers in plasma and hypothalamic tissues, accompanied by an imbalance in antioxidant levels. Moreover, chronic antibiotic exposure downregulated insulin expression in the hypothalamus. However, these impairments were significantly ameliorated in the ABT/NSO, and ABT+NSO groups compared to the untreated antibiotic-exposed group. Overall, findings from this study suggest the beneficial role of NSO as an adjuvant therapy in preventing and abrogating mood behavioural and neural-metabolic impairments of chronic antibiotic exposure
THE IMPACT OF MIMOSA PUDICA ON THE HISTOARCHITECTURE OF HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-TESTICULAR AXIS IN CADMIUM TREATED RATS
No full textBackground: Cadmium is a known environmental and industrial pollutant with an enormous neuroendocrine disrupting potential. Mimosa pudica Linn is a creeping annual or perennial herb known to possess antiasthmatic, antiepileptic, antitumour, aphrodisiac, analgesic, antidepressant properties and a strong radical scavenging activity. This research was aimed at investigating the impact of Mimosa pudica on the histoarchitectural integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in cadmium-treated rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty five mature wistar rats (Rattus rattus norvegicus) were employed in the study. These animals were divided into five groups - 5 Rats/Group; Control, Cadmium Toxicity, Mimosa pudica Extract, Protection and Therapeutic Groups. The Control Group was orally administrated with
distilled water. Result: Toxicity was achieved with 1.2mg/kg body weight for forty days with apparent histological abnormalities and alterations to the axis components. Administration of Mimosa pudica (200mg/kg) body weight with cadmium in both the Protection and Therapeutic Groups showed remarkable histological improvements and markedly reduced tissue damage when compared with Cadmium Toxicity Group. Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrate that Mimosa pudica possesses protective, therapeutic as well as restorative capacity on the histoarchitecture of hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis components in cadmium-treated rats
Counteractive effects of extracts of Mangifera indica on testes of Wistar Rat exposed to cyclophosphamide
No full textIntroduction: Infertility may have a variety of causes that can affect both the male and female reproductive systems. Cyclophosphamide is a drug used in chemotherapy and immune system suppression. Leaf extracts of Mangifera indica exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties which have been shown in studies, including antioxidant and protective advantages. This study evaluate the antagonistic implications of leaf extracts of Mangifera indica on the testis following the exposure to cyclophosphamide. Methods: 25 male Wistar rats were assigned to five groups with five rats in each. Group A (Control), Group B (administered 150 mg of cyclophosphamide only), Group C (administered 50 mg of extracts of leaf extracts of Mangifera indica only), Group D (administered 150 mg of cyclophosphamide and 50 mg of leaf extracts of Mangifera indica) and Group E (administered 150 mg of cyclophosphamide and 100 mg of leaf extracts of Mangifera indica) for two weeks. The rats were euthanized under the anesthetic of ketamine (30 mg/kg IP). Blood was taken by cardiac puncture for biochemical examination. Testes were excised, preserved in 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin for histological investigation. One-way analysis of variance was used to examine the data, and then the Student Newman-Keul post-hoc analysis was performed. The significance of the result was assessed using p < 0.05. Results: The study showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the hormonal assay, including LH, FSH, and testosterone across all test groups, with group B (cyclophosphamide only) having significantly lower levels. Cyclophosphamide administration was observed to have a negative effect on the testicular histology and immunohistochemical results and leaf extracts of Mangifera indica attenuated the damage induced by cyclophosphamide in groups D and E. Conclusion: Leaf Extracts of Mangifera indica considerably reduced the effects of cyclophosphamide-induced changes in testis
Correlation between primary dysmenorrhea characteristics, age at menarche, anthropometric variables, gynecological history, management attitudes, and quality of life among undergraduates in Nigeria
No full textContext: Menstruation is a natural event that occurs throughout the reproductive years of every woman. Most women during their menstrual period experience pain and discomfort called dysmenorrhea which is the most common gynecological complaint in young women and may result in absences from school, work, and social engagement.Aims: To study the relationship between BMI, hip circumference, menarcheal age, and management on the severity of dysmenorrhea among undergraduates.Methods and Materials: A self‑administered structured questionnaire having four (4) sections including information on the sociodemographic data, data related to menstrual characteristics, information related to menstrual symptoms, and information on management attitudes of these students were used for data collection.Statistical Analysis Used: A non‑probability convenient method was used to select 400 participants. A self‑administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data were analyzed with SPSS software version 23.0.Results: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 87.1%, with most commonly felt symptoms being tiredness (72.5%) and mood swings (67.8%). Symptoms lead to decreased social activities (55.8%), low confidence (55.5%), and increased absenteeism (49.5%) from lectures. Although dysmenorrhea has no significant relationship with BMI, it was significantly (P < 0.05) higher (197) in participants with smaller hip circumference (0.80–1.00 m) and late (13–14 years) menarche (47.8%). There was a low rate (4.2%) of consultation with the majority (63%) opting for self‑medication as previouslyadvised by a relative (23.4%), self (21.1%), and friends (18.9%).Conclusions: Smaller hip circumference, late age at menarche, and increased BMI can increase the severity of dysmenorrhea which can further affect the quality of life.
Key words: Anthropometric variables; dysmenorrhea; hip circumference; menarche; self‑medication; undergraduates
Histological and Biochemical Study on Mitigation of Dichlorvos-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Mimosa Pudica in Mice
No full textObjective
Exposure of dichlorvos-contaminated foods, water and environment can lead to decrease in proper liver function. Thus, Mimosa pudica(MP)is being investigated in the present study to determine its protective effect on dichlorvos induced hepatotoxity in Mice.
Methods
Fifty adult male BALB/c mice weighing between 20-30g were randomly assigned into 5 groups of 10 animals each (Groups A, B, C, D, and E). Group A as the control Group received normal feed, group B received 0.1 ml of MP, group C was given 40 g of 2.5% Dichlorvos (DDVP) for 28 days. While, group D were given 40 g of 2.5% DDVP with 0.1ml of MP and group E animals were given DDVP for half the period of administration, normal feed and 0.1ml MP for 14 days. Histological and biochemical preparations of the liver were processed and data were expressed as mean± SEM. Significant difference was set at p<0.05.
Results
ALT activity and the total protein level of the liver show no significant increase (P < 0.005) when compared with the control. AST and ALP activities were significantly increased in animals given DDVP with subsequent MP treatment when compared with the controls. Histological studies revealed distortion of normal hepatic histoarchitecture in DDVP group B and MP groups mitigated these changes in the treated groups.
Conclusion
Dichlorvos caused tissue distortion in the mice with prominent toxic effects on the liver while MP extract showed ameliorative effects on the liver that was exposed t
Spatial Memory, Motor Coordination, Cerebellar and Hippocampal Histoarchitectural Changes following Atropine Administration to Adult Mice
No full textAtropine is a non-selective muscarinic receptor antagonist. In overdoses, atropine is poisonous. It is sometimes
added to potentially addictive drugs, particularly anti-diarrhoea opioid drugs such as diphenoxylate or difenoxin.
The aim of this study was to investigate spatial memory and motor changes associated with varying doses (5 and
10 mg/kg body weight) ingestion of atropine, as well as its impact on the hippocampal and cerebellar
histoarchitecture in mice.Fifteen BALB/c mice were divided into three groups of 5 serving as control, low dosage,
and high dosage groups. Atropine at 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight was administered into low and high dosage
groups, respectively. Administration of atropine in both groups showed significant histological tissue damage in
the hippocampus which includes neurodegeneration of neurons and distortion of the granular layer, while no
evident histomorphological change to the cerebellum was observed. Low dosage mice showed memory and motor
deficit, whereas the high dosage group showed no statistically significant memory function difference with the
control group. Further research is necessary to find the cause of these motor deficits
Light microscopic detection of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro through Pf histidine rich protein 2 (HRP 2) gold conjugate labeling: Rapid diagnosis of cerebral malaria in humans
No full textPlasmodium falciparum (Pf) has been found to be the deadliest of all the known species of the parasite
capable of infecting humans; this is because it is capable of causing severe cerebral tissue damage.
This study was carried out to demonstrate the parasite in the host blood in vitro through immunogold
labeling using antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 2 (HRP 2); a major metabolite released during the cause of the parasite infection and feeding in the erythrocyte. 12 known Pf positive samples were obtained from across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria and were further
characterized by Geimsa thick and thin film for parasite identification parasite count expressed as
parasites/l of blood. An average of 400 parasites/l of blood was obtained in each of the samples used for this study. Pf-HRP 2 antibody was conjugated to freshly prepared colloidal gold of particle size 40nm. The conjugation process was blocked with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the conjugate itself preserved by 1% glycerol and 0.01% sodium azide. The parasite count was titrated against the Pf-HRP 2gold conjugate and was analyzed under the light microscope with a fluorescent filter. Reactivity and specificity of Pf-HRP 2 gold conjugate was found to be highly specific and gave direct identification of the erythrocytes infected with the parasite. A good contrast was also obtained between uninfected erythrocytes, parasite and the infected erythrocytes
