52 research outputs found
Synthesis of new 2-phospono-a-D-glycoside derivatives by stereoselective oxa-Michael addition to a D-galacto derived enone
No full textThe synthesis of new 2-phosphono-a-D-glycoside derivatives by stereoselective oxa-Michael addition to an enone derived from D-galactal and containing a phosphonate group is described. Retro-Michael reactions were prevented by tandem acetylation to trap the unstable enolic intermediates. The stereochemistry of the addition products was established by NOESY experiments and explained with molecular mechanics (MM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations
Factors associated with psychotic symptoms among a sample of male prisoners with substance use disorder: A cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: Prisoners have a higher prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) than the nonincarcerated population. Many studies report that an SUD increases the likelihood of psychotic symptoms/disorders. Inmates, therefore, may be at higher risk for psychotic disorders.
Objective: The main objectives of this study were to (1) estimate the prevalence of psychotic symptoms in a sample of male inmates with high levels of SUD and (2) verify if type of abuse or other sociodemographic/clinical features are risk factors of psychotic symptoms. In light of the high prevalence of childhood trauma (CT) among inmates, a further objective was to 3) assess whether exposition to CT can predict psychotic symptoms.
Method: We included three hundred and nineteen male prisoners, admitted to Monza prison between January 2017 and March 2019. We interviewed participants to collect sociodemographic and clinical information. We administered the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) to assess the presence of psychotic symptoms and SUD, respectively. Inmates also completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).
Results: Data were available for 141 inmates. Forty-five prisoners (31.9%) had psychotic symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a history of previous incarceration (aOR = 2.98, p = 0.034), opioid abuse (aOR = 5.02, p = 0.008), suicide attempts (aOR = 5.55, p < 0.001), and childhood emotional abuse (aOR = 4.11, p = 0.027) significantly increased the likelihood of psychotic symptoms.
Conclusions: Psychotic symptoms are widespread among inmates and are associated with specific risk factors. Prison and jail staff should screen for these factors at the start of an inmate's detention to identify subjects at risk of psychotic symptoms
Biomarkers of Suicidal Behaviors : A Comprehensive Critical Review
No full textSuicide is a relevant worldwide public health problem. Many studies have shown that different demographic and clinical factors are potentially associated with suicidal behavior. Other studies have reported data about the role of biomarkers in the onset of suicidal behaviors. Specifically, researchers have found that suicidal risk may be increased by abnormalities in serotonergic system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, lipid metabolism, immune system and neuronal plasticity. The identification of specific biological parameters associated with self-harm may be helpful to implement prevention strategies and also to detect new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and analyze the results of main studies about neurobiological mechanisms related to suicidal behavior, also exploring the possible interconnection between the different biological systems
Effectiveness of yoga as a complementary therapy for anorexia nervosa: a systematic review
No full textAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric condition associated with high disability and
mortality. The purpose of the present manuscript is to critically summarize evidence about the
effectiveness of yoga for this condition. A bibliographic search was conducted in the main database
sources (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus). Articles in English about the effectiveness of yoga in AN
were included. Two hundred thirty‐three articles were initially identified and 5 articles were included
in the present review. With the exception of one study, all had several methodological limitations
such as the presence of confounding factors (e.g., psychiatric comorbidity) or a too limited sample
of patients. However, globally yoga seems to ameliorate AN symptoms, especially those regarding
emotional dysregulation. Yoga is a candidate complementary treatment for the management of AN,
but more randomized controlled studies with larger samples and limited bias are necessary to draw
robust conclusions. It would be also interesting to verify in comparative trials the effectiveness of
yoga with respect to other treatments such as psychotherapy or the administration of pharmacological
compounds. Finally, the practice should be modified adapting to the specific needs of this type of
patient
Which factors are associated with duration of untreated illness in borderline personality disorder?
No full textAim: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a prevalent condition associated with high rates of hospitalizations. The purpose of this manuscript was to detect the factors associated with duration of untreated illness (DUI) in BPD.Methods: Through chart review, we identified 152 patients followed up by community psychiatry services in Milan and Monza, Italy. The association between DUI and socioeconomic and clinical variables was examined using Pearson correlation and analyses of variances. The statistically significant variables from univariate analyses were then inserted in regression models.Results: A longer DUI was associated with several variables (substance misuse after the onset of BPD, older age, earlier age at onset, longer duration of illness), but these results were not maintained in the regression analyses.Conclusions: In conclusion, DUI does not seem to be significantly associated with specific clinical aspects of BPD, or significantly modify the course and outcome of the disorder. Studies with larger samples have to confirm these preliminary findings
The effectiveness of yoga for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: a systematic review
No full textA systematic review to analyze the available data on the effectiveness of yoga in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Is yoga effective for the treatment of anorexia nervosa?
No full textA systematic review to verify the effectiveness of different types of yoga in patients affected by anorexia nervosa.
The article has been published on The International Journal of Yoga:
https://journals.lww.com/ijoy/fulltext/2024/17030/effectiveness_of_yoga_as_a_complementary_therapy.2.asp
Is yoga effective for the treatment of anorexia nervosa?
No full textA systematic review to verify the effectiveness of different types of yoga in patients affected by anorexia nervosa.
The article has been published on The International Journal of Yoga:
https://journals.lww.com/ijoy/fulltext/2024/17030/effectiveness_of_yoga_as_a_complementary_therapy.2.asp
Gender differences in clinical and biochemical parameters among patients hospitalized for schizophrenia: towards precision medicine
No full textBackgroundThe scientific literature shows some gender differences in the clinical course of schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to identify gender differences in clinical and biochemical parameters in subjects affected by schizophrenia. This would allow for the implementation of individualized treatment strategies.MethodsWe examined a large set of clinical and biochemical parameters. Data were obtained from clinical charts and blood analyses from a sample of 555 schizophrenia patients consecutively admitted for exacerbation of symptoms to the inpatient clinic of Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico (Milan) or ASST Monza in Italy from 2008 to 2021. Univariate analyses, binary logistic regression, and a final logistic regression model were performed with gender as dependent variable.ResultsThe final logistic regression models showed that male patients (compared to females) were more prone to lifetime substance use disorders (p = 0.010). However, they also had higher GAF (global functioning) mean scores (p < 0.001) at the time of hospitalization. Univariate analyses showed that male patients (with respect to females) had an earlier age at onset (p < 0.001), a more frequent family history of multiple psychiatric disorders (p = 0.045), were more often smokers (p < 0.001), had a more frequent comorbidity with at least one psychiatric disorder (p = 0.001), and less often suffered from hypothyroidism (p = 0.011). In addition, men had higher levels of albumin (p < 0.001) and bilirubin (t = 2.139, p = 0.033), but lower levels of total cholesterol (t = 3.755, p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur analyses indicate a less severe clinical profile in female patients. This is evident especially in the early years of the disorder, as suggested by less comorbidity with psychiatric disorders or later age at onset; this is consistent with the related literature. In contrast, female patients seem to be more vulnerable to metabolic alterations as demonstrated by more frequent hypercholesterolemia and thyroid dysfunction. Further studies are needed to confirm these results in the framework of precision medicine
Are There Any Differences in Clinical and Biochemical Variables between Bipolar Patients with or without Lifetime Psychotic Symptoms?
No full textIntroduction: Psychotic symptoms occur in more than half of patients affected by Bipolar Disorder (BD) and are associated with an unfavorable course of the disorder. The objective of this study is to identify the differences in the clinical and biochemical parameters between bipolar patients with or without psychotic symptoms. Methods: A total of 665 inpatients were recruited. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data related to the first day of hospitalization were obtained via a screening of the clinical charts and intranet hospital applications. The two groups identified via the lifetime presence of psychotic symptoms were compared using t tests for quantitative variables and χ2 tests for qualitative ones; binary logistic regression models were subsequently performed. Results: Patients with psychotic BD (compared to non-psychotic ones) showed a longer duration of hospitalization (p < 0.001), higher Young Mania Rating Scale scores (p < 0.001), lower Global Assessment of Functioning scores (p = 0.002), a less frequent history of lifetime suicide attempts (p = 0.019), less achievement of remission during the current hospitalization (p = 0.028), and a higher Neutrophile to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) (p = 0.006), but lower total cholesterol (p = 0.018) and triglycerides (p = 0.013). Conclusions: Patients with psychotic BD have a different clinical and biochemical profile compared to their counterparts, characterized by more clinical severity, fewer metabolic alterations, and a higher grade of inflammation. Further multi-center studies have to confirm the results of this present study
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