264 research outputs found
The relative contribution of peer acceptance and individual and class-level teacher-child interactions to kindergartners' behavioral development
No full text© 2018 Elsevier Inc. The present longitudinal study examined the relative contribution of peer acceptance and individual and class-level teacher–child interactions to the development of externalizing and internalizing behaviors in kindergarten. A sample of 237 children (49% boys, M age = 5.19 years) from 36 classrooms was followed during three waves in kindergarten. Individual and class-level teacher–child interactions were observed, while peer ratings were used to assess peer acceptance, and teacher ratings to assess child behavior. Multilevel modelling showed that children's aggressive and anxious-fearful behavior was stable over time. Children who had more negative individual interactions with their teachers at the start of kindergarten displayed higher levels of externalizing behavior. Children whose teacher displayed more sensitive interactions at the class-level had lower levels of internalizing problems. Our study underscores the importance of including both individual and class-level teacher–child interactions and including several dimensions of the emotional component of teacher–child interactions in future research.sponsorship: This work was supported by the FWO Research Fund - Flanders (grant numbers 1S13917N, G.0728.14). (FWO Research Fund - Flanders|1S13917N, FWO Research Fund - Flanders|G.0728.14)status: Publishe
State of the art of prosthesis simulators for the upper limb: A narrative review
No full textBackground: Research into prosthesis training and design puts a burden on the small population of people with upper-limb absence who can participate in these studies. One solution is to use a prosthetic hand simulator, which allows for attaching a hand prosthesis to an intact limb. However, whether the results of prosthesis simulator studies can be translated to people with upper-limb absence using a hand prosthesis is unclear. Objective: To review the literature on prosthetic hand simulators, provide an overview of current designs, and highlight the differences and similarities between prosthesis simulators and traditional prostheses. Methods: A Boolean combination of keywords was used to search 3 electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Relevant articles in English were selected. Results: In total, 52 papers were included in the review, and an overview of the state of the art was presented. We identified the key differences between prosthesis simulators and traditional prostheses as the position of the terminal device and the available degrees of freedom of the arm and (prosthetic) wrist. Conclusions: This paper provides an overview of prosthesis simulator designs over the past 27 years and an overview of the similarities and differences between prosthesis simulators and prostheses. The literature does not provide enough evidence to establish whether the results obtained from simulator studies could be translated to prostheses. A recommendation for future simulator design is to constrain pro- and supination of the forearm of anatomically intact participants and add a prosthetic wrist that can pro- and supinate. Additional research is required to find the ideal terminal device position for a prosthesis simulator with respect to the person's hand.Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technolog
How Classroom Social Dynamics Shape School Engagemen The Role of Peers, Teachers, and Their Interplay:The Role of Peers, Teachers, and Their Interplay
No full textAlthough engagement in school is important for successful learning, achievement, and graduation, studies have revealed generally declining trajectories of students' school engagement during adolescence (Christenson et al., 2012a; Fredricks et al., 2016). It has been suggested that these downward trajectories might be contingent on age-related risk factors in the school environment. This dissertation addressed significant gaps in the literature by clarifying how adolescents' school engagement trajectories are shaped by relationships with peers, teachers, and their interplay, using samples with varying levels of ethnic diversity. The first objective was to improve insights into the peer dynamics involved in adolescents' school engagement trajectories while taking into account the multidimensionality of peer relationships, including dimensions such as peer status (i.e., peer likeability and popularity) and peer norms (i.e., descriptive and popularity norms). Regarding peer status, adolescents' likeability was generally associated with more behavioral and emotional engagement in school, whereas popularity was related to less behavioral engagement and more behavioral disaffection (Chapter 2 and 5). However, likeability and popularity were also found to co-occur within adolescents, resulting in less behavioral engagement and more disaffection in popular-liked students compared to adolescents with an unpopular-disliked or normative peer status (Chapter 3). With regard to peer norms, descriptive norms that promote high levels of engagement, and not popularity norms, were found to promote initial levels of adolescents' own engagement (Chapter 6). In general, these findings underscore the importance of distinguishing between the multiple peer relationship dimensions in relation to the various school engagement dimensions. The second objective was to shed light on how affective relationships with teachers impact adolescents' school engagement, covering both positive and negative teacher-student relationships from different informants (i.e., student, peers, and teachers). Positive, supportive teacher-student relationships were associated with more behavioral and emotional engagement (Chapter 5 and 6). In contrast, negative, conflictual relationships with the teacher were found to hamper adolescents' behavioral engagement (Chapter 4 and 5). These findings were congruent when using student (Chapter 6), peer (Chapter 5), and teacher (Chapter 4) perceptions of the teacher-student relationship, and denoted that also during adolescence, teachers remain important social sources of influence. The third objective was to investigate the interplay between teacher and peers in shaping the school engagement of adolescents by examining the transactional associations between teacher-student relationships and peer status, on the one hand, and the joint or interactive effects of teacher support and peer norms on school engagement, on the other hand. No associations over time were found between teacher-student relationships and peer status, suggesting that teachers and peers tend to constitute separate social worlds in adolescence (Chapter 5). Further, the role of teacher support in shaping students' engagement was stronger in classrooms showing high average levels behavioral engagement (i.e., descriptive norms), with teacher support buffering against the decline in behavioral engagement over time in these classrooms (Chapter 6). Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of adolescents' relationships with peers and their teachers for the development of their engagement in school. Implications for future studies and educational practice are discussed
The ideal solution
No full textA smart use of high-pressure carbon dioxide may make a special class of eco-friendly solvents known as ionic liquids much more attractive to the fine chemical industry. Researcher Dr. Maaike Kroon has demonstrated that, on paper at least, the savings can be astronomical.Applied Science
Educate for technological innovation
No full textAt Polytechnics design & engineering students are taught about state-of-the-art technical knowledge. Students become qualified engineers and learn to innovate artifacts related to their domain. Not taught is how to develop new engineering knowledge within a multidisciplinary context of stakeholders, companies and regulations. In short, students don't learn to innovate technology. What is taught today is the result of a technological innovation of yesterday. This is not sufficient for industry to innovatively deal with society's grand challenges. The paper describes a project that aims to educate all TU Delft graduate students in the verb of innovating technology, that is, the development of new technologies from inventions in the labs to full- fledged application in business. Such along three dimensions: technical, human and business. The educational portfolio consists of three modules in line with growth along Bloom's taxonomy and online materials on theoretical backbones. All modules apply the notion of technological innovation journeys (Tijo's). Tijo's are rich descriptions of the developmental journey of new technology and are based on inventions from the university's own labs.Methodologie en Organisatie van DesignESA extension schoolEducation ManagementCognitive RoboticsApplied Mechanic
A CHAT approach to understand framing in digital service innovation
No full textWithin the third wave of digital service innovation, framing is becoming increasingly complex. Accordingly, design practice finds itself in a transition from designing single service solutions that are shared, to designing systemic solutions that are shareable. We report a case study in which we use Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) to analyze the framing process that a designer went through when designing a digital service for a Connected Care startup. Results show the importance of the designer’s activity awareness and the challenge of dealing with relational complexity when framing the digital service innovation. With this work, we hope to inspire researchers and practitioners with the potential that CHAT has to offer for the reflective practice in digital service innovations.Methodologie en Organisatie van DesignResponsible Marketing and Consumer Behavio
De ideale oplossing: Schakelen met kooldioxide zet ionische vloeistof op de kaart
No full textDoor handig gebruik te maken van kooldioxide onder hoge druk kan het voor de fijnchemische industrie veel interessanter worden om gebruik te maken van een bijzondere klasse milieuvriendelijke oplosmiddelen: ‘ionische vloeistoffen’. Onderzoekster dr.ir. Maaike Kroon liet zien dat de besparingen, in elk geval op papier, astronomisch zijn.Innovation SystemsTechnology, Policy and Managemen
Designing for Packaging Sustainability: The Effects of Appearance and a Better Eco-Label on Consumers Evaluations and Choice
No full textThe environmental burden of packaging is huge. However, redesigning packaging to make it more sustainable without damaging its other functions is not always easy and can have a negative impact on consumers’ choice. In this paper, we adopt a user-perspective and test the effects of packaging appearance and a better eco-label on consumers’ responses. Based on the literature, we designed an eco- label using a traffic light system with an objective sustainability score enabling to compare the sustainability of different packages. The results of our experimental study (N=120) show that while a sustainable (vs. typical) appearance in packaging has a positive effect on perceived sustainability, it has a negative effect on perceived usability. However, we demonstrate that the presence of a high score on the eco-label positively impacts the perceived sustainability of both the sustainable and the typical packages and the choice intentions. This eco-label also enabled to mitigate the negative effects of the sustainable appearance on perceived usability. Designers and policy-makers can use the results of this paper to positively influence evaluations of and choice for sustainable packaging.Servicedesk Library / SIDResponsible Marketing and Consumer Behavio
Sprinting Out of Stuckness: Overcoming Moments of Stuckness to Support the Creativity Flow in Agile Team Settings
No full textMultidisciplinary agile teams working in fast paced, delivery-oriented sprint cycles of two weeks can experience moments of stuckness. Typically, these moments can be characterised by the inability to continue, which can be quite detrimental in agile settings, where time is pressured. This paper aims to explore these moments of stuckness, to understand when and why they occur and to understand the different strategies Scrum teams use to overcome them, both on a personal as well as team level. A combination of interviews and observations were conducted with six Scrum team members and two experts to understand their process and experiences while working in an agile set up. We have identified five strategies, which strongly rely on agile values of collaboration, communication, and creativity. These are: looking for expert guidance, open communication, creating spike stories, visual communication and incubation. The findings from this study provide both practice and academia with a deeper understanding into how can creativity be supported in agile settings.Methodologie en Organisatie van Desig
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