60,156 research outputs found
Die Sage vom ewigen Juden untersucht : Zweite durch neue Mittelungen vermehrte Ausgabe ; Leipzig, 1893 ; J. C. Hinrichsche Buchhandlung / L. Neubaur. Karl Engel
No full textDIE SAGE VOM EWIGEN JUDEN UNTERSUCHT : ZWEITE DURCH NEUE MITTELUNGEN VERMEHRTE AUSGABE ; LEIPZIG, 1893 ; J. C. HINRICHSCHE BUCHHANDLUNG / L. NEUBAUR. KARL ENGEL
Die Sage vom ewigen Juden untersucht : Zweite durch neue Mittelungen vermehrte Ausgabe ; Leipzig, 1893 ; J. C. Hinrichsche Buchhandlung / L. Neubaur. Karl Engel (1)
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Die Sage vom ewigen Juden - Besprechung (10
Comparing shapes of engel curves
No full textWe measure how different the shapes of Engel curves are across 59 commodity groups. The same analysis is carried out for their derivatives and variances. While Engel curves possess a relatively homogeneous shape, significantly more heterogeneity is present in derivatives and when particular sub-classes of income are considered.Consumption, Kernel smoothing, Rank correlation, Curve shape
Quadratic engel curves and consumer demand
No full textThis paper presents a model of consumer demand that is consistent with the observed expenditure patterns of individual consumers in a long time series of expenditure surveys and is also able to provide a detailed welfare analysis of shifts in relative prices. A nonparametric analysis of consumer expenditure patterns suggests that Engel curves require quadratic terms in the logarithm of expenditure. While popular models of demand such as the Translog or the Almost Ideal Demand Systems do allow flexible price responses within a theoretically coherent structure, they have expenditure share Engel curves that are linear in the logarithm of total expenditure. We derive the complete class of integrable quadratic logarithmic expenditure share systems. A specification from this class is estimated on a large pooled data set of U.K. households. Models that fail to account for Engel curvature are found ro generate important distortions in the patterns of welfare losses associated with a tax increase
Nonparametric IV estimation of shape-invariant Engel curves
No full textThis paper concerns the identification and estimation of a shape-invariant Engel
curve system with endogenous total expenditure. The shape-invariant specification
involves a common shift parameter for each demographic group in a pooled
system of Engel curves. Our focus is on the identification and estimation of both
the nonparametric shape of the Engel curve and the parametric specification of the
demographic scaling parameters. We present a new identification condition, closely
related to the concept of bounded completeness in statistics. The estimation procedure
applies the sieve minimum distance estimation of conditional moment restrictions
allowing for endogeneity. We establish a new root mean squared convergence
rate for the nonparametric IV regression when the endogenous regressor has unbounded
support. Root-n asymptotic normality and semiparametric efficiency of
the parametric components are also given under a set of ‘low-level’ sufficient conditions.
Monte Carlo simulations shed lights on the choice of smoothing parameters
and demonstrate that the sieve IV estimator performs well. An application is made
to the estimation of Engel curves using the UK Family Expenditure Survey and
shows the importance of adjusting for endogeneity in terms of both the curvature
and demographic parameters of systems of Engel curves
Nonparametric IV estimation of shape-invariant Engel curves
No full textThis paper concerns the identification and estimation of a shape-invariant Engel curve system with endogenous total expenditure. The shape-invariant specification involves a common shift parameter for each demographic group in a pooled system of Engel curves. Our focus is on the identification and estimation of both the nonparametric shape of the Engel curve and the parametric specification of the demographic scaling parameters. We present a new identification condition, closely related to the concept of bounded completeness in statistics. The estimation procedure applies the sieve minimum distance estimation of conditional moment restrictions allowing for endogeneity. We establish a new root mean squared convergence rate for the nonparametric IV regression when the endogenous regressor has unbounded support. Root-n asymptotic normality and semiparametric efficiency of the parametric components are also given under a set of Ѭow-level' sufficient conditions. Monte Carlo simulations shed lights on the choice of smoothing parameters and demonstrate that the sieve IV estimator performs well. An application is made to the estimation of Engel curves using the UK Family Expenditure Survey and shows the importance of adjusting for endogeneity in terms of both the curvature and demographic parameters of systems of Engel curves.
An Engel Curve Analysis of Household Expenditure in Taiwan: 1996-98
No full textSeven systems of Engel curves for expenditures on ten commodity groups were estimated using Taiwanese household expenditure data for the period from 1996 through 1998. Results show that the estimated expenditure elasticities are insensitive to the choice of functional forms.Engel curve, Taiwan, Consumer/Household Economics,
Using Engel curves to measure CPI bias for Indonesia
No full textTo measure real income growth over time a price index is needed to adjust for changes in the cost of living. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is often used for this task but studies from several countries show the CPI is a biased measure of changes in the cost of living, leading to potentially wrong estimates of the rate of growth of real income. In this paper CPI bias for Indonesia is calculated by estimating food Engel curves for households with the same level of CPI-deflated incomes at four different points in time between 1993 and 2008. The results suggest CPI bias was initially negative during the Asian Crisis but has been positive since 2000. Over the entire period, CPI bias has averaged four percent annually, equivalent to almost one-third of the measured inflation rate
Heteroscyphus dentammophilus J. J. Engel et G. L. Merr., Polish Bot. J.
No full textHeteroscyphus dentammophilus J.J.Engel et G.L.Merr., Polish Bot. J. 58 (1): 96, 2013 (see Engel 2013a). TYPE: “ NEW ZEALAND, South Is., Canterbury Prov., Mt. Cook Natl. Park, Stocking Stream, SW facing cliffs above Hooker Valley, 1280–1330 m, Engel 18261 (F); isotype: (CHR)”.Published as part of Söderström, Lars, Hagborg, Anders & Konrat, Matt Von, 2016, Early Land Plants Today: Index of Liverworts & Hornworts 2013 - 2014, pp. 133-185 in Phytotaxa 269 (3) on page 146, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.269.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/477969
Exoprosopa subfasciata ENGEL 1936
No full textExoprosopa subfasciata ENGEL 1936 D i s t r i b u t i o n: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Gruzia, Iran, Turkey. M a t e r i a l: Erzurum: Bozburun, 39°59'36,6" N- 40°33'34" E, 24.07.2004 (Dils J., Faes J.).Published as part of Dils, J. & Özbek, H., 2006, Contribution to the Knowledge of the Bombyliidae of Turkey (Diptera), pp. 455-504 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 38 (1) on page 483, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.543337
Heteralonia subfasciata ENGEL 1936
No full textHeteralonia subfasciata ENGEL 1936 D i s t r i b u t i o n: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Gruzia, Iran, Turkey. M a t e r i a l: Erzurum: Bozburun, 39°59'36,6” N- 40°33'34” E, 24.07.2004 (Dils J., Faes J.).Published as part of Dils, J. & Özbek, H., 2006, Contribution to the Knowledge of the Bombyliidae of Turkey (Diptera), pp. 455-504 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 38 (1) on page 486, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.543337
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