190,490 research outputs found
Quadratic engel curves and consumer demand
No full textThis paper presents a model of consumer demand that is consistent with the observed expenditure patterns of individual consumers in a long time series of expenditure surveys and is also able to provide a detailed welfare analysis of shifts in relative prices. A nonparametric analysis of consumer expenditure patterns suggests that Engel curves require quadratic terms in the logarithm of expenditure. While popular models of demand such as the Translog or the Almost Ideal Demand Systems do allow flexible price responses within a theoretically coherent structure, they have expenditure share Engel curves that are linear in the logarithm of total expenditure. We derive the complete class of integrable quadratic logarithmic expenditure share systems. A specification from this class is estimated on a large pooled data set of U.K. households. Models that fail to account for Engel curvature are found ro generate important distortions in the patterns of welfare losses associated with a tax increase
An Engel Curve Analysis of Household Expenditure in Taiwan: 1996-98
No full textSeven systems of Engel curves for expenditures on ten commodity groups were estimated using Taiwanese household expenditure data for the period from 1996 through 1998. Results show that the estimated expenditure elasticities are insensitive to the choice of functional forms.Engel curve, Taiwan, Consumer/Household Economics,
Chlerogella clidemiae Engel
No full textChlerogella clidemiae Engel Figs 7–9; Map 1 Chlerogella clidemiae Engel, 2003a: 2. Moure et al., 2007: 794. Holotype. ♀, PANAMÁ: San Blas, 19km N of El Llano [El Llano is in Panamá Province with the collection locality 19km North and just across the border into San Blas Province], 350m, 31 January 1985, G. de Nevers, on flowers of Clidemia crenulata (SEMC). Diagnosis. Chlerogella clidemiae is most similar to C. elongaticeps in that both species are largely amber-yellow (Fig. 7). Th e former differs from the latter most noticeably by the combination of a more elongate head [malar space 68% of compound eye length vs. 25% in C. elongaticeps; malar space 5.4 times longer than basal mandibular width vs. twice as long in C. elongaticeps (cf. figures 8, 9 vs. 2, 3)], the clypeus below the lower tangent of the compound eyes (Fig. 9), the shorter pronotal upper surface (medially about ocellar diameter in length vs. medially about two ocellar diameters in length in C. elongaticeps) the more widely spaced mesoscutal punctation, the light reddish brown coloration with faint coppery highlights on the head and mesoscutum, and the larger number of branches to the metatibial spur (five vs. three in C. elongaticeps). Description. The description of this species was published only recently and given that no further material has become available I have chosen not to repeat that text here. Refer to Engel (2003a) for a complete description of the holotype.Published as part of Engel, Michael, 2009, Revision of the bee genus Chlerogella (Hymenoptera, Halictidae), Part I: Central American species, pp. 47-75 in ZooKeys 23 (23) on page 54, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.23.248, http://zenodo.org/record/57654
Some curiosites about the Engel method to estimate equivalence scales
No full textThis paper lends legitimacy to the food share as an indicator of welfare by demonstrating the conditions necessary in empirical work for the Engel method of estimating equivalence scales to provide an exact measure of welfare. In analogy to a money metric of utility, the Engel's food share is shown to be a “quantity metric of utility.”Engel method
Nonparametric IV estimation of shape-invariant Engel curves
No full textThis paper concerns the identification and estimation of a shape-invariant Engel
curve system with endogenous total expenditure. The shape-invariant specification
involves a common shift parameter for each demographic group in a pooled
system of Engel curves. Our focus is on the identification and estimation of both
the nonparametric shape of the Engel curve and the parametric specification of the
demographic scaling parameters. We present a new identification condition, closely
related to the concept of bounded completeness in statistics. The estimation procedure
applies the sieve minimum distance estimation of conditional moment restrictions
allowing for endogeneity. We establish a new root mean squared convergence
rate for the nonparametric IV regression when the endogenous regressor has unbounded
support. Root-n asymptotic normality and semiparametric efficiency of
the parametric components are also given under a set of ‘low-level’ sufficient conditions.
Monte Carlo simulations shed lights on the choice of smoothing parameters
and demonstrate that the sieve IV estimator performs well. An application is made
to the estimation of Engel curves using the UK Family Expenditure Survey and
shows the importance of adjusting for endogeneity in terms of both the curvature
and demographic parameters of systems of Engel curves
Nonparametric IV estimation of shape-invariant Engel curves
No full textThis paper concerns the identification and estimation of a shape-invariant Engel curve system with endogenous total expenditure. The shape-invariant specification involves a common shift parameter for each demographic group in a pooled system of Engel curves. Our focus is on the identification and estimation of both the nonparametric shape of the Engel curve and the parametric specification of the demographic scaling parameters. We present a new identification condition, closely related to the concept of bounded completeness in statistics. The estimation procedure applies the sieve minimum distance estimation of conditional moment restrictions allowing for endogeneity. We establish a new root mean squared convergence rate for the nonparametric IV regression when the endogenous regressor has unbounded support. Root-n asymptotic normality and semiparametric efficiency of the parametric components are also given under a set of Ѭow-level' sufficient conditions. Monte Carlo simulations shed lights on the choice of smoothing parameters and demonstrate that the sieve IV estimator performs well. An application is made to the estimation of Engel curves using the UK Family Expenditure Survey and shows the importance of adjusting for endogeneity in terms of both the curvature and demographic parameters of systems of Engel curves.
Using Engel curves to measure CPI bias for Indonesia
No full textTo measure real income growth over time a price index is needed to adjust for changes in the cost of living. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is often used for this task but studies from several countries show the CPI is a biased measure of changes in the cost of living, leading to potentially wrong estimates of the rate of growth of real income. In this paper CPI bias for Indonesia is calculated by estimating food Engel curves for households with the same level of CPI-deflated incomes at four different points in time between 1993 and 2008. The results suggest CPI bias was initially negative during the Asian Crisis but has been positive since 2000. Over the entire period, CPI bias has averaged four percent annually, equivalent to almost one-third of the measured inflation rate
Die Sage vom ewigen Juden untersucht : Zweite durch neue Mittelungen vermehrte Ausgabe ; Leipzig, 1893 ; J. C. Hinrichsche Buchhandlung / L. Neubaur. Karl Engel
No full textDIE SAGE VOM EWIGEN JUDEN UNTERSUCHT : ZWEITE DURCH NEUE MITTELUNGEN VERMEHRTE AUSGABE ; LEIPZIG, 1893 ; J. C. HINRICHSCHE BUCHHANDLUNG / L. NEUBAUR. KARL ENGEL
Die Sage vom ewigen Juden untersucht : Zweite durch neue Mittelungen vermehrte Ausgabe ; Leipzig, 1893 ; J. C. Hinrichsche Buchhandlung / L. Neubaur. Karl Engel (1)
Cover (1)
Titelseite (3)
Die Sage vom ewigen Juden - Besprechung (10
- …
