208,311 research outputs found
Quadratic engel curves and consumer demand
No full textThis paper presents a model of consumer demand that is consistent with the observed expenditure patterns of individual consumers in a long time series of expenditure surveys and is also able to provide a detailed welfare analysis of shifts in relative prices. A nonparametric analysis of consumer expenditure patterns suggests that Engel curves require quadratic terms in the logarithm of expenditure. While popular models of demand such as the Translog or the Almost Ideal Demand Systems do allow flexible price responses within a theoretically coherent structure, they have expenditure share Engel curves that are linear in the logarithm of total expenditure. We derive the complete class of integrable quadratic logarithmic expenditure share systems. A specification from this class is estimated on a large pooled data set of U.K. households. Models that fail to account for Engel curvature are found ro generate important distortions in the patterns of welfare losses associated with a tax increase
DEMAND SYSTEM CHOICE BASED ON TESTING THE ENGEL CURVE SPECIFICATION
No full textIt is common to use a demand systems approach in estimating the key parameters from household consumption data. In conducting these studies the researcher is faced with selecting a functional form. In turn, each functional form implies a particular shape for the Engel curves. This analysis highlights the importance of testing the shape of Engel curves, especially if the researcher is interested in elasticity estimates well away from the sample mean. Using consumption data for selected households in Italy it is shown that many popular functional forms are rejected by the data.Demand and Price Analysis,
Nonparametric IV estimation of shape-invariant Engel curves
No full textThis paper concerns the identification and estimation of a shape-invariant Engel
curve system with endogenous total expenditure. The shape-invariant specification
involves a common shift parameter for each demographic group in a pooled
system of Engel curves. Our focus is on the identification and estimation of both
the nonparametric shape of the Engel curve and the parametric specification of the
demographic scaling parameters. We present a new identification condition, closely
related to the concept of bounded completeness in statistics. The estimation procedure
applies the sieve minimum distance estimation of conditional moment restrictions
allowing for endogeneity. We establish a new root mean squared convergence
rate for the nonparametric IV regression when the endogenous regressor has unbounded
support. Root-n asymptotic normality and semiparametric efficiency of
the parametric components are also given under a set of ‘low-level’ sufficient conditions.
Monte Carlo simulations shed lights on the choice of smoothing parameters
and demonstrate that the sieve IV estimator performs well. An application is made
to the estimation of Engel curves using the UK Family Expenditure Survey and
shows the importance of adjusting for endogeneity in terms of both the curvature
and demographic parameters of systems of Engel curves
Nonparametric IV estimation of shape-invariant Engel curves
No full textThis paper concerns the identification and estimation of a shape-invariant Engel curve system with endogenous total expenditure. The shape-invariant specification involves a common shift parameter for each demographic group in a pooled system of Engel curves. Our focus is on the identification and estimation of both the nonparametric shape of the Engel curve and the parametric specification of the demographic scaling parameters. We present a new identification condition, closely related to the concept of bounded completeness in statistics. The estimation procedure applies the sieve minimum distance estimation of conditional moment restrictions allowing for endogeneity. We establish a new root mean squared convergence rate for the nonparametric IV regression when the endogenous regressor has unbounded support. Root-n asymptotic normality and semiparametric efficiency of the parametric components are also given under a set of Ѭow-level' sufficient conditions. Monte Carlo simulations shed lights on the choice of smoothing parameters and demonstrate that the sieve IV estimator performs well. An application is made to the estimation of Engel curves using the UK Family Expenditure Survey and shows the importance of adjusting for endogeneity in terms of both the curvature and demographic parameters of systems of Engel curves.
Oligochlora grimaldii Engel 1997
No full text<i>Oligochlora grimaldii</i> Engel <p> <i>Oligochlora grimaldii</i> Engel, 1997: 98; Engel, 2001: 176.</p> <p> <b>New material.</b> ♀; KU-DR-020; amber from the Dominican Republic (specific mine unknown), Early Miocene (Burdigalian); Fossil Insect Collection, Division of Entomology, University of Kansas Natural History Museum, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.</p> <p> <b>Tribe Caenohalictini Michener</b></p>Published as part of <i>Engel, Michael, 2009, Two New Halictine Bees in Miocene Amber from the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera, Halictidae), pp. 1-12 in ZooKeys 29 (29)</i> on page 6, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.29.257, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/576571">http://zenodo.org/record/576571</a>
An Engel Curve Analysis of Household Expenditure in Taiwan: 1996-98
No full textSeven systems of Engel curves for expenditures on ten commodity groups were estimated using Taiwanese household expenditure data for the period from 1996 through 1998. Results show that the estimated expenditure elasticities are insensitive to the choice of functional forms.Engel curve, Taiwan, Consumer/Household Economics,
Nesagapostemon Engel 2009, gen. n.
No full text<i>Nesagapostemon</i> Engel, gen. n. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CAFD1CF7-3C12-45CE-A3F8-CBC6F3E4C392</p>Published as part of <i>Engel, Michael, 2009, Two New Halictine Bees in Miocene Amber from the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera, Halictidae), pp. 1-12 in ZooKeys 29 (29)</i> on page 6, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.29.257, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/576571">http://zenodo.org/record/576571</a>
Some curiosites about the Engel method to estimate equivalence scales
No full textThis paper lends legitimacy to the food share as an indicator of welfare by demonstrating the conditions necessary in empirical work for the Engel method of estimating equivalence scales to provide an exact measure of welfare. In analogy to a money metric of utility, the Engel's food share is shown to be a “quantity metric of utility.”Engel method
Xenodellitha Engel 2017, new genus
No full text<i>Xenodellitha</i>, new genus <p> TYPE SPECIES: <i>Xenodellitha preta</i>, new species.</p> <p> DIAGNOSIS: Similar to <i>Othniodellitha</i> Engel and Huang (in Engel et al., 2016a) in those ways outlined in familial diagnosis (above) but may be distinguished by following combination of traits: flagellum with 20 flagellomeres; scape about 2.6× as long as wide; apical tooth of mandible slightly projecting; gena narrower than compound eye; forewing with 1cu-a confluent with 1M, 2m-cu nebulous, 2cu-a present, and third submarginal cell longer than second submarginal cell; metasoma beyond petiole cylindrical.</p> <p> ETYMOLOGY: The new generic name is a combination of the Greek words, <i>xenos</i> (“stranger”) and <i>dellithos</i> (“a kind of wasp”). The gender of the name is feminine.</p>Published as part of <i>Engel, Michael S., 2017, New Evanioid Wasps from the Cenomanian of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Othniodellithidae, Aulacidae), with a Summary of Family-Group Names among Evanioidea, pp. 1-28 in American Museum Novitates 2017 (3871)</i> on page 7, DOI: 10.1206/3871.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5368793">http://zenodo.org/record/5368793</a>
Using Engel curves to measure CPI bias for Indonesia
No full textTo measure real income growth over time a price index is needed to adjust for changes in the cost of living. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is often used for this task but studies from several countries show the CPI is a biased measure of changes in the cost of living, leading to potentially wrong estimates of the rate of growth of real income. In this paper CPI bias for Indonesia is calculated by estimating food Engel curves for households with the same level of CPI-deflated incomes at four different points in time between 1993 and 2008. The results suggest CPI bias was initially negative during the Asian Crisis but has been positive since 2000. Over the entire period, CPI bias has averaged four percent annually, equivalent to almost one-third of the measured inflation rate
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