278,888 research outputs found
Quadratic engel curves and consumer demand
No full textThis paper presents a model of consumer demand that is consistent with the observed expenditure patterns of individual consumers in a long time series of expenditure surveys and is also able to provide a detailed welfare analysis of shifts in relative prices. A nonparametric analysis of consumer expenditure patterns suggests that Engel curves require quadratic terms in the logarithm of expenditure. While popular models of demand such as the Translog or the Almost Ideal Demand Systems do allow flexible price responses within a theoretically coherent structure, they have expenditure share Engel curves that are linear in the logarithm of total expenditure. We derive the complete class of integrable quadratic logarithmic expenditure share systems. A specification from this class is estimated on a large pooled data set of U.K. households. Models that fail to account for Engel curvature are found ro generate important distortions in the patterns of welfare losses associated with a tax increase
DEMAND SYSTEM CHOICE BASED ON TESTING THE ENGEL CURVE SPECIFICATION
No full textIt is common to use a demand systems approach in estimating the key parameters from household consumption data. In conducting these studies the researcher is faced with selecting a functional form. In turn, each functional form implies a particular shape for the Engel curves. This analysis highlights the importance of testing the shape of Engel curves, especially if the researcher is interested in elasticity estimates well away from the sample mean. Using consumption data for selected households in Italy it is shown that many popular functional forms are rejected by the data.Demand and Price Analysis,
Hymen, 2h, Wohltätigkeitsmarke, Gesetzlich geschützt, Emil M. Engel, Wien I
No full textHYMEN, 2H, WOHLTÄTIGKEITSMARKE, GESETZLICH GESCHÜTZT, EMIL M. ENGEL, WIEN I
Hymen, 2h, Wohltätigkeitsmarke, Gesetzlich geschützt, Emil M. Engel, Wien I ( -
Oligochlora grimaldii Engel 1997
No full text<i>Oligochlora grimaldii</i> Engel <p> <i>Oligochlora grimaldii</i> Engel, 1997: 98; Engel, 2001: 176.</p> <p> <b>New material.</b> ♀; KU-DR-020; amber from the Dominican Republic (specific mine unknown), Early Miocene (Burdigalian); Fossil Insect Collection, Division of Entomology, University of Kansas Natural History Museum, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.</p> <p> <b>Tribe Caenohalictini Michener</b></p>Published as part of <i>Engel, Michael, 2009, Two New Halictine Bees in Miocene Amber from the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera, Halictidae), pp. 1-12 in ZooKeys 29 (29)</i> on page 6, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.29.257, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/576571">http://zenodo.org/record/576571</a>
Ischnomelissa Engel 1997
No full textKey to the Species of Ischnomelissa Females remain unknown for I. ecuadoriana, while males are unknown for I. rhina, I. cyanea, I. rasmusseni, and I. lignopteryx. 1. Females......................................................................................................................... 2 ―. Males............................................................................................................................. 7 2(1). Malar space as long as or longer than basal width of mandible.......................... 3 ―. Malar space shorter than basal width of mandible............................................. 6 3(2). Head and mesosoma dark to metallic green with copper highlights.................. 4 ―. Head and mesosoma dark metallic blue (Ecuador: Pichincha Province)........................................................................................................... I. lescheni Brooks & Engel 4(3). Metasoma and legs dark brown except sometimes with some amber coloration basally on first metasomal tergum............................................................... 5 ―. Metasoma with first tergum and most of second tergum amber, remainder of metasoma brown, legs with tarsi, tibiae, and femoral apices amber, remainder of legs brown (Ecuador: Napo and Sucumbios Provinces)... I. rhina Brooks & Engel 5(4). Metasomal terga entirely dark brown, with well-developed and distinct basal bands of yellow tomentum; wing membrane hyaline and clear; head and mesosoma distinctly dark metallic green and shining; inner metatibial spur with 17 branches, not including apical portion of rachis (Ecuador: Loja Province)............................................................................. I. rasmusseni Engel & Brooks ―. Metasomal terga dark brown except basally amber on first tergum (Fig. 1), tergal graduli without bands of tomentum; wing membrane strongly infumate (Fig. 1); head and mesosoma dark green, not shining (Figs. 1–3); inner metatibial spur with 12 branches, not including apical portion of rachis (Peru: Amazonas Department)........................................................... I. lignopteryx Engel, n. sp. 6(2). Integument of head and mesosoma dark metallic blue; T1–2 dark brown; inner metatibial spur with 12 branches, not including apical portion of rachis (Colombia: Nariño Department)..................................... I. cyanea Brooks & Engel ―. Integument of head and mesosoma non-metallic, dark brown; T1 and most of T2 amber; inner metatibial spur with 15–20 branches, not including apical portion of rachis (Colombia: Huila and Valle del Cauca Departments)... I. zonata Engel 7(1). Malar space almost as long as wide to slightly longer than wide........................ 8 ―. Malar space linear, much shorter than wide (Colombia: Huila and Valle del Cauca Departments)........................................................................... I. zonata Engel 8(7). First flagellomere one-half length of second flagellomere; mandible, malar space, and scape at least anteriorly pale; malar space slightly shorter than wide (Ecuador: Pichincha Province)................................... I. lescheni Brooks & Engel ―. First flagellomere one-fourth length of second flagellomere; mandible, malar space, and scape dark brown to black; malar space slightly longer than wide (Ecuador: Imbabura Province).............................. I. ecuadoriana Brooks & EngelPublished as part of Engel, Michael S., 2013, The bee genus Ischnomelissa in Peru, with a key to the species (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), pp. 1-5 in Journal of Melitology 2013 (23) on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.17161/jom.v0i23.4641, http://zenodo.org/record/813204
Nesagapostemon Engel 2009, gen. n.
No full text<i>Nesagapostemon</i> Engel, gen. n. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CAFD1CF7-3C12-45CE-A3F8-CBC6F3E4C392</p>Published as part of <i>Engel, Michael, 2009, Two New Halictine Bees in Miocene Amber from the Dominican Republic (Hymenoptera, Halictidae), pp. 1-12 in ZooKeys 29 (29)</i> on page 6, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.29.257, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/576571">http://zenodo.org/record/576571</a>
Nonparametric IV estimation of shape-invariant Engel curves
No full textThis paper concerns the identification and estimation of a shape-invariant Engel
curve system with endogenous total expenditure. The shape-invariant specification
involves a common shift parameter for each demographic group in a pooled
system of Engel curves. Our focus is on the identification and estimation of both
the nonparametric shape of the Engel curve and the parametric specification of the
demographic scaling parameters. We present a new identification condition, closely
related to the concept of bounded completeness in statistics. The estimation procedure
applies the sieve minimum distance estimation of conditional moment restrictions
allowing for endogeneity. We establish a new root mean squared convergence
rate for the nonparametric IV regression when the endogenous regressor has unbounded
support. Root-n asymptotic normality and semiparametric efficiency of
the parametric components are also given under a set of ‘low-level’ sufficient conditions.
Monte Carlo simulations shed lights on the choice of smoothing parameters
and demonstrate that the sieve IV estimator performs well. An application is made
to the estimation of Engel curves using the UK Family Expenditure Survey and
shows the importance of adjusting for endogeneity in terms of both the curvature
and demographic parameters of systems of Engel curves
Nonparametric IV estimation of shape-invariant Engel curves
No full textThis paper concerns the identification and estimation of a shape-invariant Engel curve system with endogenous total expenditure. The shape-invariant specification involves a common shift parameter for each demographic group in a pooled system of Engel curves. Our focus is on the identification and estimation of both the nonparametric shape of the Engel curve and the parametric specification of the demographic scaling parameters. We present a new identification condition, closely related to the concept of bounded completeness in statistics. The estimation procedure applies the sieve minimum distance estimation of conditional moment restrictions allowing for endogeneity. We establish a new root mean squared convergence rate for the nonparametric IV regression when the endogenous regressor has unbounded support. Root-n asymptotic normality and semiparametric efficiency of the parametric components are also given under a set of Ѭow-level' sufficient conditions. Monte Carlo simulations shed lights on the choice of smoothing parameters and demonstrate that the sieve IV estimator performs well. An application is made to the estimation of Engel curves using the UK Family Expenditure Survey and shows the importance of adjusting for endogeneity in terms of both the curvature and demographic parameters of systems of Engel curves.
Some curiosites about the Engel method to estimate equivalence scales
No full textThis paper lends legitimacy to the food share as an indicator of welfare by demonstrating the conditions necessary in empirical work for the Engel method of estimating equivalence scales to provide an exact measure of welfare. In analogy to a money metric of utility, the Engel's food share is shown to be a “quantity metric of utility.”Engel method
Xenodellitha Engel 2017, new genus
No full text<i>Xenodellitha</i>, new genus <p> TYPE SPECIES: <i>Xenodellitha preta</i>, new species.</p> <p> DIAGNOSIS: Similar to <i>Othniodellitha</i> Engel and Huang (in Engel et al., 2016a) in those ways outlined in familial diagnosis (above) but may be distinguished by following combination of traits: flagellum with 20 flagellomeres; scape about 2.6× as long as wide; apical tooth of mandible slightly projecting; gena narrower than compound eye; forewing with 1cu-a confluent with 1M, 2m-cu nebulous, 2cu-a present, and third submarginal cell longer than second submarginal cell; metasoma beyond petiole cylindrical.</p> <p> ETYMOLOGY: The new generic name is a combination of the Greek words, <i>xenos</i> (“stranger”) and <i>dellithos</i> (“a kind of wasp”). The gender of the name is feminine.</p>Published as part of <i>Engel, Michael S., 2017, New Evanioid Wasps from the Cenomanian of Myanmar (Hymenoptera: Othniodellithidae, Aulacidae), with a Summary of Family-Group Names among Evanioidea, pp. 1-28 in American Museum Novitates 2017 (3871)</i> on page 7, DOI: 10.1206/3871.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5368793">http://zenodo.org/record/5368793</a>
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