6 research outputs found
Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer in NIGERIA: Observations at Lagos State University Teaching Hospital
No full textProstate cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among men, especially of African descent. Over the years, there has been relative paucity of research work on the subject of prostate cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of the study is to examine records of prostate cancers diagnosed at Mayo Height laboratory, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria between January 2015 and June 2018, with a view to studying the epidemiological variables and pattern seen. Histopathological slides were retrieved and reviewed; relevant data were extracted from the Laboratory Information Systems, Laboratory Requisition Forms and the Hospital records where necessary. The data were statistically analysed. A total of 333 cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed during the study period, representing 46.4% of all prostate specimens received. The median age of the patients at diagnosis was 70 years, with the lowest recorded age being 50 years, while the highest age was 90 years. Individuals in the 7th decade of life (61-70 years) were the most commonly affected. Overwhelming number of cases (97.3%) were diagnosed based on trucut biopsy specimens, compared to open prostatectomy specimen. Majority of the cancers were histologically adenocarcinomas (97.3%) and majority of the tumours were of high grade (Gleason grade 5) representing 37.5%. Prostate cancer is an obvious scourge in Nigeria. It is commonly seen in the 7th decade of life. Majority of the patients had high grade adenocarcinoma.
 
Multiple congenital anomalies: A suspected case of alagille syndrome variant in a Nigerian child
No full textCongenital cardiac malformations co-existing with gastrointestinal anomalies have been fairly well reported.The authors report autopsy findings in a Nigerian child estimated to be about 3 months old who was born with imperforate anus, rectovaginal fistula, splenopancreatic fusion anomaly, biliary cirrhosis with cholestasis, truncus arteriosus, and ventricular septal defect. To our knowledge, this combination of defects is not common and has not been observed in literature.This case highlights the need to thoroughly investigate a child with gastrointestinal malformations in view of the possible association with multiple cardiac and other system anomalies
Value of non-gynaecologic cytology in the management of patients: our experience over a 6 year period
No full textBackground: Fluid cytology is the study of serous effusions, urine and sputum. These fluids are valuable in the diagnosis of malignancy, non-infectious inflammatory and infectious diseases in the area they are produced.Objective: The aim of this study is to present our experience with non-gynaecologic cytology in our centre, highlighting the diagnoses and the need to improve the value of this important investigation.Methods: This is a six year retrospective study of all nongynaecologic cytology requests received at Pathology department in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital and LagPath Consulting laboratory in Ikeja between 1st January 2008 and 31st December 2013. Smears of the aspirate were made on two sets of slides and were stained with Papanicolaou and May-Grunwald-Giemsa stains. All cytological slides were retrieved and re-evaluated. Clinical information such as the age, sex and type of cytology were retrieved from the request forms.Results: A total of 519 patients were seen with male to female ratio of 1:1.8 with a mean age of 43 ± 19.3 years and an age range of 1 to 100 years. Ascitic fluid cytology accounted for 294 (56.6%) of cases while pleural effusion 127 (24.5%), sputum 34 (6.5%), ovarian fluid 31 (6.0%) and urine 28 (5.4%) were other cases seen. Most of the specimens received were benign (70.9%) while 38 (7.3%) were malignant. About 12.5% of ascites cases and 13.6% urine were malignant.Conclusion: The study showed ascitic fluid/peritoneal effusion is the most common fluid cytology request which also recorded the highest diagnosis of malignancy among the requests. Fluid cytology is an appropriate investigation for all age groups. Fluid/exfoliative cytology is a vital tool in the diagnosis of cancer in our environment.Keywords: Fluid cytology, ascites, pleural effusion, exfoliativ
An autopsy review of five hundred and sixty nine non-traumatic brought in dead patients in Lagos, Nigeria
No full textAbstract Background There are many cases that present to the emergency room as brought in dead (BID) and in such cases, previous medical history of the deceased is unknown. Many of the medical problems are either preventable or treatable if managed on time. This study is aimed to determine the age, gender and causes of BID. Results This is a 6 year retrospective autopsy study of all BID patients in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja between 1st January 2010 and 31st December 2015. The data were retrieved from the autopsy reports and were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18. Test for statistical significance was set as p < 0.05. There were 1016 BID recorded representing 9.3% of all deaths during the period under study. A total of 569 cases of BID that were analysed in this study after excluding hypertension related deaths. The male to female ratio was 1.37:1. The 4th decade was the predominant age group (22.7%). Cardiovascular (25.5%), Asphyxia related (23.0%), Gastrointestinal tract [GIT] (16.5%) and respiratory (15.1%) were the common system seen. Thromboembolism and haemorrhage, drowning, severe dehydration and tuberculosis were the most common causes of cardiovascular, asphyxia, GIT and respiratory system deaths respectively. Conclusions Cardiovascular system related death was the most common cause of BID with thromboembolism and haemorrhage as major secondary causes. Tuberculosis was the commonest cause of respiratory system death. BIDs are seen more in male than the female gender. There is need for the government to increase the awareness and health seeking behaviour among the populace
