1,721,000 research outputs found
Gender risk preference in entrepreneurial opportunity: evidence from Iran
No full textThis paper examines how different representations of entrepreneurial opportunity can influence the risk preference of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, and whether this differs between men and women. A survey methodology was used with a random sample of 135 entrepreneurs and 126 non-entrepreneurs. The methodology was presented through a new risky choice framework containing five entrepreneurial opportunities. The first results indicate that framing information of opportunity caused significant differences in risk preferences between the entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs and also between the males and females. In negative situations, except for the lowest risk level of the experiment, the male entrepreneurs tended to choose higher risky opportunities than the female entrepreneurs. However, neither group showed a preference for the lowest opportunity return in certainty. In addition, a comparative analysis showed that there were more differences between the four groups in the negative situations than in the positive situations. The detailed differences and risk preferences of each of the four groups were also analysed. The results have been discussed with emphasis on entrepreneurship
Constituents of New Value Creation in the Course of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Development
No full textEntrepreneurship is a young field of study that rests at the heart of modern theories of economic development. Several studies have had immense endeavors to explain many of phenomena in entrepreneurship as well as entrepreneurial opportunity and entrepreneur’s economic function. Still, we know little about how entrepreneurial action takes place under the condition of risk and uncertainty. Having value proposition as a central construct and building upon entrepreneurship literature, this dissertation is a further contribution to our current knowledge, particularly in entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation. It embodies four distinct but interrelated studies. Using a variety of independent and mediating variables and constructs such as gender, risk disposition, expertise, innovativeness, intention, self-efficacy, attitude, subjective norms, empathy, learning, and opportunity style, it seeks to address the challenge these factors create in the course of opportunity development for entrepreneurs.
The study No.1 examines “how different representations of entrepreneurial opportunity can influence the risk preference of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, and whether this differs between men and women”. A survey methodology was used with a random sample of 135 entrepreneurs and 126 non-entrepreneurs. The methodology was presented through a new risky choice framework containing five entrepreneurial opportunities. The first results indicate that framing information of opportunity caused significant differences in risk preferences between the entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs and also between the males and females. In negative situations, except for the lowest risk level of the experiment, the male entrepreneurs tended to choose higher risky opportunities than the female entrepreneurs. However, neither group showed a preference for the lowest opportunity return in certainty. In addition, a comparative analysis showed that there were more differences between the four groups in the negative situations than in the positive situations. The detailed differences and risk preferences of each of the four groups were also analyzed.
The study No.2 inspects the moderating roles of the founder’s experience and innovation degree on the relationship between opportunity confidence and new value creation intention (NVCI) at the pre-founding stage of a business. For this purpose, it uses survey data from 157 prospective entrepreneurs in the ICT industry from university incubators in Iran. Using SEM, result show that experience, alone, does not moderate the relationship between opportunity confidence and NVCI. However, if entrepreneurs have required opportunity confidence, then medium and high-level innovation can increase the likelihood of acting on the opportunity for novice and experienced entrepreneurs, respectively. For novice entrepreneurs, the innovation variance from low to medium moderates the relationship between opportunity confidence and intent. In fact, this relationship is strengthened by the medium novelty level. Whereas, for experienced entrepreneurs, the variance from medium to high, moderates the relationship that is strengthened by the high novelty level.
The study No.3 explores the crucial factors that form the pre and post intentionality to create new values, particularly the post intention factors that facilitate opportunity enactment. It shows how intention impacts motivation-mustering to learn about practical knowledge concerning value proposition facilitator (VPF), which in turn influences value creation enactment. A survey methodology has been applied to a randomly selected sample of 213 entrepreneurs from 16 incubators in Iran. Using SEM and longitudinal data, the results showed that attitudes toward value creation and value creation self-efficacy significantly impacted the intentionality to create new value. Moreover, VPF has a direct effect on value creation enactment so that, it partially mediates the relationship between new value creation intention (NVCI) and value creation enactment. The findings did not support the influence of subjective norms neither on NVCI nor on value creation enactment.
Finally, the study No.4 seeks to shade light on the black-box of value co-creation in entrepreneurship and on the process through which the entrepreneur’s new value proposition meets the customer’s problem and pain in particular. Later I will discuss that successful entrepreneurs are often more empathic than unsuccessful entrepreneurs. Those entrepreneurs that offer their new values through an empathic relationship, learn a vital market knowledge (practical knowledge) that in turn shapes a shared mental model between them and the beneficiary that increases the likelihood of value co-creation engagement. Moreover, the performance of this relationship improves if there is a match between entrepreneurs’ learning approach and their initial opportunity insight. Furthermore, there is another matching mechanism between learning skills and the dimensions of empathy that enhances empathy capacity for entrepreneurs. These two matching mechanism at the end have a paramount influence on the value co-creation effectiveness
Do Experience and Degree of Innovation Influence Intentionality to Create New Value?
No full textThis paper seeks to study the influence of the moderating role of experience and innovation on the
intentionality to create new value (NVCI). Using a survey data from 157 prospective entrepreneurs, we compare the
perception of experienced and novice entrepreneurs at the pre-founding stage of their venture. We find that experience,
alone, does not moderate the relationship between opportunity confidence and NVCI. However, if entrepreneurs have
required opportunity confidence, then medium and high-level innovation can increase the likelihood of acting on the
opportunity for novice and experienced entrepreneurs respectively. For novice entrepreneurs, the innovation variance
from low to medium moderates the relationship between opportunity confidence and intent. In fact, this relationship
is strengthened by the medium novelty level. As such, novice entrepreneurs may be less willing to market a new
product with a low novelty degree. Whereas, for experienced entrepreneurs, the variance from medium to high,
moderates the relationship
Degree of innovation and the entrepreneurs' intention to create value: A comparison study between experienced and novice entrepreneurs
No full textA vital aspect of entrepreneurial action is the translation of an entrepreneur’s opportunity idea into the creation of new value. This paper examines the moderating roles of the founder’s experience and innovation degree on the relationship between opportunity confidence and new value creation intention (NVCI) at the pre-founding stage of a business. It uses survey data on 77 novice and 80 experienced entrepreneurs from Iran. The results of SEM analysis show that the relationship between opportunity confidence and NVCI is sensitive to the associated degree of innovation: for novice entrepreneurs, the difference is between low and medium degree, while for their experienced counterparts the difference is between medium and high degree
Iron deficiency and risk of early readmission following a hospitalization for acute heart failure
No full textIMPACT OF OPPORTUNITY CONFIDENCE ON NEW VALUE CREATION INTENTION: DOES EXPERIENCE MATTER?
No full textEntrepreneurship is a costly and uncertain activity. Even when an entrepreneur perceives an opportunity, in the context of a lingering doubt as to whether s/he could successfully exploit it, the intention to pursue is underpinned by the perceived desirability and feasibility of the expected outcomes. Recent discussions of the entrepreneurial process emphasize the creation of value as its key developmental focus. We build upon this insight by directing attention to the explicit intention to create new value, captured by the construct of new value creation intention (NVCI). This paper examines how this intention is shaped by the entrepreneur's experience and opportunity confidence. An experimental survey of prospective entrepreneurs in the ICT industry, from university incubators in Iran conducted. Results show that opportunity confidence has positive impact on new value creation intention for both experienced and novice entrepreneurs. However, experience does not moderate this relationship (neither makes the relationship stronger nor weaker). The arguments (findings and discussion) offer novel insights when taken as a whole, particularly given the extension of entrepreneurial intention to the role of experience through the quantitative evidenc
Risk Taking in Opportunity Evaluation
No full textIn spite of compelling advances in the notion of entrepreneurial opportunities in the past decade, the construct still undergo serious critics such as being metaphorical and not literal. One paramount reason for this shortfall is due to lack of instruments to evaluate objectively varieties of components of business opportunities such as risk and uncertainty. The process of discovering an opportunity starts from a subjective process of recognition, and it then involves further evaluation such as risk assessment to transmit it to an objective value. However, we know little about how the transformation from subjective to the objective state takes place within opportunity evaluation. Using Risky Framing concept, we contribute to this gap in knowledge. We use survey data of proxy entrepreneurs and examine their responses against a control group of non-entrepreneurs. Results show that the both groups adopt different risk levels when they confront opportunity scenarios. In addition, the risk levels adopted by the entrepreneurs was significantly greater than their non-entrepreneur counterparts. These findings provide new insights in the process of entrepreneurial alertness. The results discussed and implications for the future contributions are provide
Introduction
No full textThis book explores the dual nature of entrepreneurship, revealing how it can either drive economic advancement or perpetuate harm, largely influenced by institutional contexts. Leveraging Baumol’s (1990) framework that differentiates between productive, unproductive, and destructive entrepreneurship, we focus our analysis on emerging markets that struggle with institutional voids—characterized by weak regulations, pervasive corruption, and substantial informal sectors—that encourage rent-seeking behaviors. In contrast to advanced economies, where insti-tutional mechanisms can mitigate short-term harms, weaker institutions in emerging markets exacerbate the prevalence of destructive entrepreneurship. This perpetuates a cycle of unproductive resource allocation, heightening inequality, market distortions, and systemic inefficiencies. Employing qualitative and econometric methodologies, the chapters unpack various drivers of harmful entrepreneurship, including survival-driven informality, gaps in education, hierarchical networks, and governance failures. By addressing a critical gap in the existing literature, this volume highlights how institutional deficiencies shape entrepreneurial outcomes in emerging economies, revealing diverse factors and their implications across different contexts. Further-more, by illuminating the complex interplay between institutional environments and entrepreneurial behavior, the book offers actionable insights for policymakers and scholars. These insights can help realign incentives towards productive ventures, ultimately fostering equitable and sustainable development in resource-constrained settings.</p
Internationalization of SMEs and Organizational Factors in Emerging Economies: High –Tech Industry of Iran
No full textSMEs as an engine of growth play an important role in emerging economies for poverty
reduction, the role which has attracted the attention of scholars in recent years. This study
explores the effect of firm characteristics, resources and top management team (TMT)
characteristics on the internationalization of SMEs. According to our conceptual model, we
assumed that firm resources mediate the link between international performance of SMEs and
characteristics of firms and of TMT. To test our model, we asked top managers of international
SMEs in Iran ICT sector to fill in a questionnaire. The data was analyzed through structural
equation modeling which leads us to codifying a causal model accordingly. The findings show a
direct and indirect positive effect of TMT characteristics on internationalization of SMEs,
however, it indicates that indirect effect of firm characteristics is not significant. Finally, a set of
guidelines are proposed for internationalization of SMEs in emerging economies
- …
