139,840 research outputs found
Tratamiento de las unidades fraseológicas en la lexicografía bilingüe español-árabe y árabe-español
No full textLa presente tesi di dottorato ha come fulcro di interesse la situazione attuale della fraseologia nella lessicografia bilingue spagnolo-arabo e arabo-spagnolo e, per estensione, la storia dei dizionari bilingui in questa combinazione linguistica. Solo conoscendo le caratteristiche, lo sviluppo e l’evoluzione delle opere lessicografiche in questa combinazione linguistica potremo comprendere meglio i problemi che presenta oggi il trattamento degli elementi fraseologici nel dizionario bilingue spagnolo-arabo, correggere gli errori più comuni, comprendere l’importanza dei repertori precedenti e porci delle sfide per il futuro. Per realizzare questo studio, siamo partiti da una linea di ricerca plurale alla quale partecipano anche le informazioni rivelatrici fornite dalla tradizione lessicografica spagnolo-araba. In questo senso, la presente ricerca si articola sulla base di quattro obiettivi centrali. Il primo di questi risponde all’inevitabile legame tra passato e presente: lo scopo è di offrire una contestualizzazione storico-culturale e sociolinguistica dei compendi lessicografici del passato e dei cambiamenti di orientamento rispetto alla diacronia. Un secondo obiettivo mira, sulla base delle ricerche effettuate, a offrire una visione panoramica dei dizionari generali e specialistici che segnano la scena lessicografica del mondo arabofono e ispanofono nel XX e XXI secolo. Questo, a sua volta, fornisce una prova dei modelli dominanti nella pratica lessicografica ispano-araba e arabo-spagnola. Nella revisione di tutte queste opere, le descrizioni effettuate diventano un materiale interessante per raccontare la loro storia e per rendere conto della teoria o delle teorie che le sottendono, al fine di aprire nuove strade per migliorarne la qualità e l’adeguatezza rispetto alle carenze fondamentali di cui soffrono i materiali lessicali e fraseologici in queste opere. Un terzo obiettivo, parallelo e complementare, è quello di stabilire i confini della fraseologia in spagnolo e in arabo e le caratteristiche che ne determinano la classificazione e lo status linguistico. Questo ci permetterà, in un secondo momento, di adottare una dimensione teorica e metodologica del trattamento e della segmentazione dell’universo fraseologico prima di realizzare uno studio valutativo sulla presenza di unità fraseologiche nelle diverse strutture dei dizionari più importanti dell’attuale contesto lessicografico spagnolo-arabo. Il quarto e ultimo obiettivo, invece, è quello di analizzare quattro opere fondamentali della traiettoria lessicografica contemporanea spagnolo-arabo e arabospagnolo: il Diccionario avanzado árabe, Tomo II (español-árabe) (2010 [1970]) di Federico Corriente Córdoba e Ahmed Salem Ould Mohamed Baba, il Al-Muín. Diccionario español-árabe (2005 [1993]) di Yussof Mohamed Reda, il Diccionario Avanzado árabe: Tomo I: árabe-español (2005 [1991]) di Federico Corriente Córdoba e Ignacio Ferrando Frutos e il Diccionario de árabe culto moderno (árabe-español) (2004 [1996]) di Julio Cortés. Nonostante la popolarità di queste quattro opere, finora non erano stati realizzati studi descrittivi per la lessicografia bilingue tra spagnolo e arabo che trattassero in modo oggettivo e sistematico della fraseologia in questi repertori. Per rendere possibile la fase empirica della tesi, il modus operandi ha previsto la creazione, con l’aiuto di mezzi informatici, di un corpus rappresentativo di unità pluriverbali estratte dai dizionari menzionati che fosse in grado di immagazzinare e gestire tutte le informazioni in modo metodico. Per condizionare il meno possibile la ricerca e la raccolta delle unità pluriverbali nei dizionari in analisi, si è scelto di costruire quattro schede lessicografiche che comprendessero tutte le combinazioni che compaiono sotto la lettera A nella direzione spagnolo-arabo e sotto la lettera alif nella direzione arabo-spagnolo. Queste schede lessicografiche sono composte da diversi campi finalizzati alla valutazione formale e contenutistica di ogni unità fraseologica. L’obiettivo finale è quello di individuare da un punto di vista quantitativo e qualitativo un insieme di problemi comuni a tutti i dizionari studiati, al fine di costruire un punto di partenza per futuri lavori lessicografici e ricerche sulla lessicografia bilingue spagnolo-arabo e arabo-spagnolo.The present doctoral thesis tackles as a phenomenon of interest the approach to the current situation of phraseology in bilingual Spanish-Arabic and Arabic-Spanish lexicography and, by extension, to the history of bilingual dictionaries in this linguistic combination. Only by knowing the features, development and evolution of lexicographical works in the selected linguistic binomial can we better understand contemporary problems concerning the treatment of phraseological elements in the Spanish-Arabic bilingual dictionary, correct habitual errors, appreciate the importance of previous repertoires, and deal with future challenges. To carry out this study, we have started from a pluralistic line of research whereby the revealing information provided by the Spanish-Arabic lexicographical tradition is also involved. In light of the above, the current study is based on four central themes or objectives, the first of which highlights the inevitable convergence between the past and the present in order to offer a historical-cultural and sociolinguistic contextualization of the lexicographical compendia of the past and diachronic orientation changes. The second objective aims, based on the research carried out, to offer a panoramic view of a set of dictionaries of a general and specialized nature that illustrates the lexicographic scene in the Arabic-speaking and Spanish-speaking world in the 20th and 21st centuries. This, in turn, provides insight into the dominant models in Spanish-Arabic and Arabic-Spanish lexicographical practice. In the view of all these works, the descriptions made provided interesting material to elucidate their own history and give an account of the theory or theories underlying them to open new prospects for improving their quality and adaptation with respect to the shortcomings of these lexical and phraseological corpora. In parallel with and complementary to the aforementioned themes, the third theme seeks to establish the limits of phraseology in Spanish and Arabic, as well as the defining features that determine its classification and linguistic status. In this was, it is intended to establish parallelisms and determine advances and shortcomings in phraseological studies on the language pair in question, which will enable us, in a subsequent step, to adopt a theoretical and methodological dimension of the treatment and segmentation of the phraseological domain before embarking on an evaluative study on the presence of such a range of units in different structures of the most important dictionaries in current Spanish-Arabic lexicographical context. Finally, the fourth objective is to analyze four prominent works of contemporary Spanish-Arabic and Arabic-Spanish dictionary course: the Diccionario avanzado árabe, Tomo II (español-árabe) (2010 [1970]) by Federico Corriente Córdoba and Ahmed Salem Ould Mohamed Baba, the Al-Muín. Diccionario español-árabe (2005 [1993]) by Yussof Mohamed Reda, the Diccionario Avanzado árabe: Tomo I (árabe-español) (2005 [1991]) by Federico Corriente Córdoba and Ignacio Ferrando Frutos, and the Diccionario de árabe culto moderno (árabe-español) (2004 [1996]) by Julio Cortés. Despite the popularity of these four works, no descriptive studies have yet been carried out for bilingual lexicography between Spanish and Arabic to deal with phraseology in an objective and systematic manner. For the empirical phase of this research, the modus operandi was to create, with the help of computerized means, a representative corpus capable of storing and managing all information in a methodical way. In order to condition as little as possible the search and collection of the multiverbal units in the dictionaries under analysis, we opted for building four lexicographic cards including all the combinations appearing under the letter A in the Spanish-Arabic direction and the letter alif in the Arabic-Spanish one. These lexicographic cards include different fields that are intended to evaluate the formal content of each phraseological unit. The final objective is to identify, from a quantitative and qualitative point of view, a set of problems common to all the dictionaries studied to set a milestone for future lexicographic works and research on Spanish-Arabic and Arabic-Spanish bilingual lexicography.La presente tesis doctoral tiene como foco de interés el acercamiento a la situación actual de la fraseología en la lexicografía bilingüe español-árabe y árabe-español y, por extensión, a la historia de los diccionarios bilingües en esta combinación lingüística. Solo conociendo los rasgos, desarrollo y evolución de las obras lexicográficas en el binomio lingüístico seleccionado podremos entender mejor los problemas que presenta hoy el tratamiento de los elementos fraseológicos en el diccionario bilingüe español-árabe, subsanar habituales errores, ensalzar la importancia de los repertorios anteriores y plantearnos retos para el futuro. Para llevar a cabo este estudio, hemos partido de una línea plural de investigación en la que participa también la información reveladora que nos brinda la tradición lexicográfica español-árabe. En este sentido, la presente investigación se articula sobre la base de cuatro objetivos centrales. El primero de estos objetivos responde a la unión inevitable entre el pasado y el presente en aras de ofrecer una contextualización histórico-cultural y sociolingüística de los compendios lexicográficos del pasado y los cambios de orientación con respecto a la diacronía. Un segundo objetivo apunta, a partir de las pesquisas realizadas, a ofrecer una visión panorámica del conjunto de los diccionarios de carácter general y especializado que jalonan la escena lexicográfica en el mundo arabófono e hispanohablante en los siglos XX y XXI. Esto, a su vez, ofrece testimonio de los modelos dominantes en la práctica lexicográfica español-árabe y árabe-español. En la reseña de todas estas obras, las descripciones realizadas se convierten en un material interesante para narrar su propia historia y dar cuenta de la teoría o teorías que subyacen en ellas para abrir nuevas vías de mejora de su calidad y adecuación con respecto a las carencias fundamentales de que adolecen los materiales léxicos y fraseológicos en estas obras. Paralela y complementariamente, un tercer objetivo es el de establecer los límites de la fraseología en español y en árabe y los rasgos definitorios que determinan su clasificación y su estatus lingüístico. Con esto se pretende establecer paralelismos y determinar avances y retrasos de los estudios fraseológicos entre ambas lenguas, lo que nos facultará, en un paso ulterior, para adoptar una dimensión teórica y metodológica del tratamiento y la segmentación del universo fraseológico antes de realizar un estudio valorativo sobre la presencia del abanico de estas unidades en las diferentes estructuras de los diccionarios más importantes en el contexto lexicográfico español-árabe actual. El cuarto y último objetivo, por su parte, es el de analizar cuatro obras notables de la trayectoria diccionarística español-árabe y árabe-español contemporánea: el Diccionario avanzado árabe, Tomo II (español-árabe) (2010 [1970]) de Federico Corriente Córdoba y Ahmed Salem Ould Mohamed Baba, el Al-Muín. Diccionario español-árabe (2005 [1993]) de Yussof Mohamed Reda, el Diccionario Avanzado árabe: Tomo I: árabe-español (2005 [1991]) de Federico Corriente Córdoba e Ignacio Ferrando Frutos y el Diccionario de árabe culto moderno (árabe-español) (2004 [1996]) de Julio Cortés. Pese a la popularidad de estas cuatro obras, aún no se han realizado estudios descriptivos como para que la lexicografía bilingüe entre el español y el árabe trate la fraseología de una forma objetiva y sistemática. Para la consecución del análisis empírico, el modus operandi fue confeccionar, con la ayuda de medios informatizados, un corpus representativo de unidades pluriverbales registradas en los diccionarios mencionados, capaz de almacenar y gestionar de forma metódica toda la información. Para condicionar lo menos posible la búsqueda y recogida de los elementos pluriverbales en los diccionarios objeto de análisis, optamos por construir cuatro fichas lexicográficas que incluyen todas las combinaciones que aparecen bajo la letra A en la dirección español-árabe y la letra alif en la árabe-español. Estas fichas lexicográficas están formadas por diferentes campos tendentes a la evaluación formal y de contenido de cada unidad fraseológica. El objetivo final es identificar desde un punto de vista cuantitativo y cualitativo un conjunto de problemas comunes a todos los diccionarios estudiados para construir un punto de partida para futuras obras lexicográficas e investigaciones sobre la lexicografía bilingüe español-árabe y árabe-español
Consideraciones en torno a las colocaciones en el Intérprete arábigo de Bernardino González (¿1665-1735?)
No full textEn esta investigación nos proponemos estudiar las colocaciones que figuran en la parte español-árabe del Intérprete arábigo de fray Bernardino González. La importancia de dicho repertorio queda demostrada por su empleo como herramienta obligada en los cursos de árabe que se impartían en el Colegio de Damasco para los franciscanos de origen español y portugués en aras de facilitar su labor misionera. Prueba de ello es la existencia de copias manuscritas realizadas por los alumnos para uso personal, de la que la más antigua se remonta a 1707-1708. Para llevar a cabo nuestro estudio partimos de la hipótesis de la documentación de colocaciones en el Intérprete, lo cual supone encaminar nuestras pesquisas hacia la localización de este tipo de combinación en la obra. Seguidamente, ofreceremos una caracterización de su representación, lo que permitirá obtener unos resultados que den cuenta de la evolución del tratamiento de estas unidades en la tradición lexicográfica hispanoárabe
Economic Policy Uncertainty and Firm Value: Impact of Investment Sentiments in Energy and Petroleum
No full textThis study seeks to determine how economic policy uncertainty (EPU) influences investment decisions and the market value of the Pakistan Stock Exchange. This study examines investment and operational data from 249 energy and petroleum companies between 2015 and 2020 and macroeconomic variables such as EPU. This study investigates the moderating effects of EPU on investments in fixed and intangible assets and its effect on Tobin's Q and the market price per share. The outcomes demonstrate that EPU reduces the costs of both tangible and intangible assets for businesses. In addition, companies with a higher Tobin's Q and market price per share are more impacted by uncertain corporate investment policies. However, financial leverage is negatively correlated with share price and positively correlated with earnings per share and earnings per unit. Tobin's Q positively correlates with financial leverage, indicating that firms that raise capital through debt are more likely to create value for investors. The research indicates that market-dependent enterprises are more susceptible to the unpredictability of monetary policy. According to this study, consistent application and open communication of economic policies are likely to increase the efficacy of company investments, resulting in more effective resource allocation and business decision-making
Spatially-localized time dependent solutions including turbulence and their interactions in 2D Kolmogorov flow
No full textIn 2D Kolmogorov flow in small aspect ratio domains, spatially-localized solutions such as kink, traveling or time-dependent kink-antikink pars coexist. However, the conservation of the flow rate in the y direction strongly restrict combination of localized solutions and their positioning. We find that by adding a homogeneous flow U y their positioning is controlled and each of localized solutions including a spatially-localized chaos is isolated. Numerical results suggest that these isolated solutions can be elements constructing a whole flow
Characteristics of overlap region in high-Reynolds number turbulent channel flow
No full textDirect numerical simulation of the fully developed turbulent channel flows have been carried out at the Reynolds number based on the friction velocity and the channel half width, 2000, 4000 and 8000. A hybrid 10th order accurate finite difference scheme in the stream and spanwise directions, and a second-order scheme in the wall-normal direction is adapted as the spatial discretization method. We observed the plateau profiles in the indicator function corresponded to the von Karman constant. Furthermore, second peak of streamwise pre-multiplied spectra were appeared in the same wall normal height, 300 < y+ < 600, in case of Re = 4000. Nevertheless, the effects of the lager than the channel half height scale on the streamwise turbulent intensity are fixed contributions without dependence on Reynolds number. These results suggested that the new streamwise vortexes are formed between buffer layer and outer layer with increasing of Reynolds number
Determining the most important features contributing to wheat grain yield using supervised feature selection model
No full textA supervised feature selection algorithm was applied to determine the most important features contributing to wheat grain yield. Four hundreds seventy two fields (as records) from different parts of Iran which were different in 21 characteristics (features) were selected for feature selection analysis. Selection of the wide range of features, including location, genotype, irrigation regime, fertilizers, soil textures, physiological attitudes, and morphological characters, provided the opportunity of precise simultaneous study of a large number of factors in wheat grain yield topic by hand of data mining. The grain yield of each record assumed as target variable. The feature selection algorithm selected 14 features as the most effective features on grain yield. These features included culture type, location, soil texture, 1000 kernel weight, nitrogen supply, irrigation regime, biological yield, organic content of the soil, the amount of rainfall, genotype, plant height, and spike number per unit area. Interestingly, growing season length and plant density were the second most important features for wheat grain yield. Based on the feature selection model, culture type, as dryland farming or irrigated, severely affected wheat grain yield. The soil pH had a marginal effect on wheat grain yield. The results of this investigation demonstrated that feature classification using feature selection algorithms might be a suitable option for determining the important features contributing to wheat grain yield, providing a comprehensive view about these traits. This is the first report in identifying the most important factors on wheat grain yield from many fields using feature selection model.Ehsan Bijanzadeh, Yahya Emam, Esmaeil Ebrahimi
La 'circunstancia' de 'Herederos y Pretendientes
No full textIn June 2010, the Ortega y Gasset Foundation hosted a Conference about the “Spanish Philosophical Transition” in order to debate the book of Francisco Vázquez, La filosofía española. Herederos y Pretendientes. Una lectura sociológica (1963-1990), recently published. This paper is the author’s response to criticism raised in the Conference and to published reviews received by this book. First, the author summarized the argument of Herederos y pretendientes. Secondly he responds and takes into account the most important objections against the book’s hypothesis and methodology. Finally the author evaluates the favorable judgments received by the book and suggests the limits of the historian’s task.Fundación Ortega y Gasset-Marañó
Application of unsupervised weighting algorithms for identifying important attributes and factors contributing to grain and biological yields of wheat
No full textTo identify important attributes/factors that contribute to grain and biological yields of wheat, 9912 sets of diverse data from field studies were extracted, and supervised attribute-weighting models were employed. Results showed that when biological yield was the output, grain yield, nitrogen applied, rainfall, irrigation regime, and organic content were the most important factors/attributes, highlighted by 9, 7, 5, 3 and 3 weighting models, respectively. In contrast, when grain yield was the output, biological yield, location, and genotype were identified by 8, 6, and 5 weighting models, respectively. Also, five other features (cropping system, organic content, 1000-grain weight, spike number m-2 and soil texture) were selected by three models as the most important factors/attributes. Field water status, such as the irrigation regime or the amount of rainfall, was another important factor related to the biological or grain yield of wheat (weight ≥ 0.5). Our results showed that attribute/factor classification by unsupervised attribute-weighting models can provide a comprehensive view of the important distinguishing attributes/factors that contribute to wheat grain or biological yield. This is the first report on identifying the most important factors/attributes contributing to wheat grain and biological yields-using attribute-weighting algorithms. This study opened a new horizon in wheat production using data mining.E. Bijanzadeh, Y. Emam, E. Ebrahimi, and M. Ebrahim
Author self-citation in orthodontics is associated with author origin and gender.
No full textBACKGROUND
The aims of this bibliometric study were to determine author self-citation trends in high-impact orthodontic literature and to investigate possible association between self-citation and publication characteristics.
METHODS
Six orthodontic journals with the highest impact factor as ranked by 2017 Journal Citation Reports were screened for a full publication year (2018) for original research articles, reviews, and case reports. Eligible articles were scrutinized for article and author characteristics and citation metrics. Univariable and multivariable negative binomial regression was used to examine associations between self-citation incidence and publication characteristics.
RESULTS
Medians for author self-citation rate of the most self-citing authors and self-citations were 3.03% (range 0-50) and 1 (range 0-19), respectively. In the univariable analysis, there was no association between self-citation counts and study type (P = 0.41), article topic (P = 0.61), number of authors (P = 0.62), and rank of authors (P = 0.56). Author origin (P = 0.001), gender (P = 0.001) and journal (P = 0.05) were associated with self-citation counts and in the multivariable analysis only origin and gender remained strong self-citation predictors. Asian authors and females self-cited significantly less often than all other regions and male authors.
CONCLUSIONS
Authors in orthodontics do not self-cite at a frequency that suggests potential citation manipulation. Author origin and gender were the only variables associated with citations counts. More bibliometric research is necessary to draw solid conclusions about author self-citation trends in orthodontic literature
Overview of the Author Profiling Task at PAN 2013
No full text[EN] This overview presents the framework and results for the Author Profiling
task at PAN 2013. We describe in detail the corpus and its characteristics,
and the evaluation framework we used to measure the participants performance to
solve the problem of identifying age and gender from anonymous texts. Finally,
the approaches of the 21 participants and their results are described.The author profiling task @PAN-2013 was an activity of the WIQ-EI IRSES project (Grant No. 269180) within the FP 7 Marie Curie People Framework of the European Commission. We want to thank the Forensic Lab of the Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona for sponsoring the award for the winner team. The work of the first author was partially funded by Autoritas Consulting SA and by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España under grant ECOPORTUNITY IPT-2012-1220-430000. The work of the second author was in the framework the DIANA-APPLICATIONS-Finding Hidden Knowledge in Texts: Applications (TIN2012-38603-C02-01) project, and the VLC/CAMPUS Microcluster on Multimodal Interaction in Intelligent Systems. The work of fifth author was funded in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) project "Mining Conversational Content for Topic Modelling and Author Identification (ChatMiner)" under grant number 200021_130208.Rangel, F.; Rosso, P.; Koppel, M.; Stamatatos, E.; Inches, G. (2013). Overview of the Author Profiling Task at PAN 2013. CLEF Conference on Multilingual and Multimodal Information Access Evaluation. 352-365. https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/46636S35236
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