1,721,079 research outputs found
Directional hearing of a grasshopper in the field
No full textAn electrophysiological method for making long-term recordings from the tympanal nerve was developed in Chorthippus biguttulus (Gomphocerinae) to gain insight into the ecophysiological constraints of sound localization in acridid grasshoppers. Using this 'biological microphone', the directional dependence of auditory nerve activity was monitored both in the laboratory and in various natural habitats of this species. On gravel and in sparse vegetation, the overall patterns of directionality were found to be very similar to those in the free sound field in the laboratory, regardless of whether the animal was positioned horizontally or vertically, However, the differences between the ipsi- and contralateral sides were smaller in these habitats than in the laboratory, In dense vegetation, the directional patterns were greatly affected by the environment. Moreover, a minimum in nerve activity was not always reached on the contralateral side, as is typical for the free sound field situation. On the basis of these data, predictions can be made about the ability of the animals to determine the correct side of a sound source. In the free sound field of the laboratory, correct lateralizations are expected at ail angles of sound incidence between 20 and 160 degrees, a prediction corresponding to the results of behavioural studies. In sparse vegetation, a similar accuracy can be anticipated, whereas on gravel and in dense vegetation directional hearing is expected to be severely degraded, especially if the animal is oriented horizontally. The predictions from our present electrophysiological investigations must now be confirmed by behavioural studies in the field
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors contribute to the control of grasshopper stridulatory behaviour by activation of the cAMP-pathway
No full textPharmacological brain stimulation releases elaborate stridulatory behaviour in gomphocerine grasshoppers - conclusions for the organization of the central nervous control
No full textGrasshoppers produce a variety of sounds generated by complex movements of the hindlegs. Stridulation, performed in the context of partner finding, mating and rivalry, call be released by pressure injection of cholinergic agonists into the protocerebrum. Particularly stimulation with muscarinic agonists induced long-lasting stridulation that resembled the natural behaviour to an astonishing degree, not only with respect to their temporal structure and right/left coordination, but also to changes in the song sequences according to the progress of courtship stridulation, even including accessory movements of other parts of the body. According to the complexity of their stridulatory behaviour ten gomphocerine species were chosen for this comparative study. The results indicate that the protocerebrum fulfils two important tasks in the control of stridulation: (1) it integrates sensory input relevant to stridulation that represents a certain behavioural situation and internal state of arousal, and (2) it selectively activates and deactivates the thoracic networks that generate the appropriate movement and sound patterns. With the knowledge of the natural behaviour and the accessibility to pharmacological and electrophysiological studies, the cephalic control system for stridulation in grasshoppers appears to be a suitable model for how the brain selects and controls appropriate behaviours for a given situation
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors contribute to the control of grasshopper stridulatory behaviour by activation of the cAMP-pathway
No full textNature und nurture: Verwandtschaft, Partnerschaft und Freundschaft bei Primaten und Menschen
No full textRemembering or forgetting? Large scale synchronization during memory performance in humans
No full textWeiss S, Rappelsberger P. Remembering or forgetting? Large scale synchronization during memory performance in humans. In: Elsner N, Eysel U, eds. From Molecular Neurobiology to Clinical Neuroscience. 27th Göttingen Neurobiology Conference. Stuttgart, Thieme, Vol. I; Abstract 108. 1999
Motion sensitive midbrain units in a bottom dwelling catfish Brain - Perception - Cognition
No full textMüller HM, Bleckmann H. Motion sensitive midbrain units in a bottom dwelling catfish Brain - Perception - Cognition. In: Elsner N, Roth G, eds. Brain - Perception - Cognition. Stuttgart: Thieme; 1990: 169
Do Desert Ants Use Partial Image Matching for Landmark Navigation?
No full textMöller R, Lambrinos D, Pfeifer R, Wehner R. Do Desert Ants Use Partial Image Matching for Landmark Navigation? In: Elsner N, Eysel U, eds. Proc. Neurobiol. Conf. Göttingen. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag; 1999: 430
Auditory Event Related Potentials to Common Nouns, Proper Names, and the Subject Own Name
No full textMüller HM, Kutas M. Auditory Event Related Potentials to Common Nouns, Proper Names, and the Subject Own Name. In: Menzel R, Elsner N, eds. Learning and Memory: Proceedings of the 23th Göttingen Neurobiology Conference, Vol. 2. Stuttgart: Thieme; 1995: 879
Landmark Navigation without Snapshots: the Average Landmark Vector Model
No full textLambrinos D, Möller R, Pfeifer R, Wehner R. Landmark Navigation without Snapshots: the Average Landmark Vector Model. In: Elsner N, Wehner R, eds. Proc. Neurobiol. Conf. Göttingen. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag; 1998: 30a
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