6,887 research outputs found
Intrathecal Drug Delivery Systems Survey: Trends in Utilization in Pain Practice [Corrigendum]
No full textAbd-Sayed A, Fiala K, Weisbein J, et al. J Pain Res. 2022;15:1305–1314.
The authors have advised there is an error in the author list on page 1305. The author name “Alaa Abd-Sayed” should read “Alaa Abd-Elsayed”.
The authors apologize for this error
Primofavilla aegyptiaca Elsayed, new species
No full textPrimofavilla aegyptiaca Elsayed, new species Adult description. Color of freshly emerged females: head black, antennae brown, thorax dark brown, wings transparent, legs light brown, upper and lower parts of abdomen black, lateral parts red and covered with scales. Body length. 1.8 mm (n= 2) in female. Head (Fig. 19). Compound eyes with circular facets. Gap between eyes on vertex about 0-2 times as wide as facet. Palpi 2 -segmented, the second segment slender, elongated, slightly longer than the first. Antenna 2 + 10 - segmented; scape conical; pedicel rounded; flagellomeres barrel-shaped, each with two connected rings of circumfila, except the terminal flagellomere, with two sets of two connected rings of circumfila (Fig. 20). Thorax. Wing (Fig. 21) length about 1.5 mm (n= 2) in female; vein R 5 joining C at its mid-length; C broken beyond the junction point with R 5; M present; CuA simple. Tarsal claws (Fig. 22) curved and toothed. Empodia much shorter than claws, about as long as the small basal tooth. Female Abdomen. (Fig. 23): Tergites 1–7 rectangular, setulose, and with 1–2 posterior rows of strong setae; tergite 8 about 0.3 width of the tergite 7. Sternites 2–7 rectangular, setulose, with posterior row of hyaline setae. Ovipositor: segment 8 with lateral group of strong curved setae, the membranous part rugose with papillae surrounded with tiny spines. Lateral plate with ~ 26 strong, straight and thick setae. Aculeus curved and bare. Apical lamella oval, setose; the basal third of the dorsal margin covered with filiform short setae and the apical two thirds covered with short lanceolate setae. Holotype. Female, Egypt, Alexandria, El-Amria district (30 ° 59 '54.00"N, 29 ° 49 '7.00"E), 26.V. 2013, A. K. Elsayed, reared from leaf galls on leaves of Atriplex halimus. Paratypes. 1 female, 26.V. 2013, El-Amria district, Alexandria, reared by A. K. Elsayed from galls on leaves of Atriplex halimus. Distribution. Egypt, Alexandria, El-Amria district. Etymology. The name of that species is derived from Egypt. Biology. Larvae of P. aegyptiaca induce globular galls, 2-3 mm in diameter, on both surfaces of leaves (Fig. 8) of the salt marsh plant A. halimus. Each infested leaf has 2-6 galls, usually beyond the mid-rib. The galls were found in May and June 2013. The galls were collected and preserved in test tubes to rear the adult stage, but that method was not very successful, as only 2 females emerged and the pupation site was not determined. Another method was tested to rear the adults, the galls were collected and put in a plastic jar with soil at the bottom, but no adults emerged. Remarks. The three known species of Primofavilla, P. initialis Mamaev 1972, P. kaplini Fedotova 1991, and P. cystiphorae Fedotova 1991, are associated with Atriplex salina Siev., A. nana Parr-Sm., and A. tatarica L., respectively (Fedotova 1991 b, Gagné & Jaschhof 2014). The identification of Primofavilla species could be determined by the diagnostic morphological characters of the female ovipositor (Mamaev 1972, Fedotova 1991 b). The dorsal margin of the ovoid apical lobe of P. kaplini has only filiform setae, in contrast to P. aegyptiaca, P. cystiphorae and P. initialis, which have the filiform setae only on the basal third of the dorsal margin with the remaining setae either lanceolate (P. aegyptiaca and P. cystiphorae) or squamiform (P. initialis). Primofavilla aegyptiaca is closest to P. cystiphorae, but the former has dorsal and ventral sclerotized plates at the base of segment 9 of the female abdomen, while the latter does not. Primofavilla aegyptiaca also differs from P. cystiphorae in the distribution and number of strong setae on the lateral plate, which do not extend to the ventral side in P. aegyptiaca, unlike in P. cystiphorae. In addition to these differences, P. aegyptiaca has a bare saddle-like projection at the base of the aculeus. Therefore, P. aegyptiaca is considered to be a new species. Very similar galls were shown by De Stefani (1942) on the same host plant in Sicily, Italy, but the gall inducer was not identified, strongly suggesting the presence of P. aegyptiaca in Italy.Published as part of Elsayed, Ayman Khamis, Skuhravá, Marcela, Karam, Hedaya Hamza, Elminshawy, Abdelaziz & Al-Eryan, Mohamed Awad, 2015, New records and new species of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) developing on Chenopodiaceae in Egypt, pp. 105-115 in Zootaxa 3904 (1) on pages 111-112, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3904.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/23434
Stefaniella skuhravae Elsayed, new species
No full textStefaniella skuhravae Elsayed, new species Adult description. Color of freshly emerged individuals: head black, antennae light brown, thorax brown, wings transparent, legs light brown, upper and lower parts of abdomen light brown, lateral parts orange. Body length. 0.7 mm (n= 7) in males and 1.1 mm (n= 5) in females. Head (Fig. 24). Compound eyes with circular facets. Gap between eyes on vertex about 0.5-1.5 times as wide as facet. Palpi 2 –segmented, second segment elongated, nearly longer than the first. Antenna 2 + 9–10 flagellomeres; scape conical, pedicel rounded, flagellomeres barrel-shaped in both sexes; each with two connected rings of circumfila (Fig. 25); the apical two flagellomeres sometimes fused. Thorax.Wing (Fig. 26) length 0.6 mm (n= 7) in males and 1.0 mm (n= 5) in females. Vein R 5 joining C before its mid-length; C broken beyond the attachment point with R 5; M present; CuA simple. Tarsal claws (Fig. 27) toothed. Empodia as long as, or shorter than, claws. Abdomen, male. Tergites 1–7 rectangular, with a posterior row of strong, hyaline setae; tergites 2–7 with one pair of anterior, small, trichoid sensilla; tergite 8 very narrow, about 0.33 width of tergite 7, with median pair of trichoid sensilla. Sternites 1–7 with scattered setae, in addition to posterior row of strong hyaline setae; sternum 8 undifferentiated from the surrounding membranous tissue. Genitalia (Fig. 28): Gonocoxite slightly elongate, with setulose mediobasal lobe. Gonostylus 0.5 times as long as gonocoxite, arched, ending with a strong tooth. Cerci fused at base, forming one apically notched sclerite, setulose. Hypoproct entire, setulose, shorter than tips of cerci, with rounded tip. Parameres dorsally covered with dense tiny setae, and surrounding aedeagus. Aedeagus cylindrical, straight, slightly longer than parameres, with truncate tip. Female: (Fig. 29): Tergites 1–7 with 1–2 posterior rows of strong, hyaline, setae, and anterior trichoid sensilla; tergite 8 weakly sclerotized, about half width of tergite 7, divided into two sclerites. Sternites 2–7 with 1–2 posterior rows of hyaline setae. Ovipositor: segment 8 with lateral group of strong, curved, internally directed setae; membranous part rugose with papillae surrounded with tiny spines. Segment 9 (ovipositor trunk) with two sclerotized rods that widen posteriorly, forming weakly sclerotized triangular plate covered with tiny spines. Lateral plate bearing about 25 thick and strong setae. Aculeus straight, thick, tapered at apex, with two rows of tiny setae, every row consists of ~ 22 setae. Apical lamella rectangular and setose. Holotype. Female, Egypt, El-Amria district (30 ° 59 '54.00"N, 29 ° 49 '7.00"E), 4. VI. 2013, A. K. Elsayed reared from galls on male floral inflorescences of Atriplex halimus. Paratypes. All material from Egypt, El-Amria district, Alexandria, reared by A. K. Elsayed from galls on male floral inflorescences of A. halimus. 1 males, 12.VI. 2013; 1 male, 13.VI. 2013; 2 females, 14.VI. 2013; 2 females, 3 males, 16.VI. 2013; 4 males, 17.VI. 2013; 5 males, 2 females, 19.VI. 2013; 8 males, 20.VI. 2013; 1 female, 22.VI. 2013; 2 females, 24.VI. 2013. Distribution. Egypt (El-Amria district). Etymology. This species is named in honor of Mrs. Marcela Skuhravá, the Czech entomologist and expert on the family Cecidomyiidae (Diptera). Biology. Larvae of S. skuhravae induce small, slight swellings (Fig. 9 and 10) on male floral inflorescences of the salt marsh plant Atriplex halimus. The gall consists of a single chamber, and pupation takes place inside it. The pupal exuviae protrude from the emergence hole, and can be distinguished by their hyaline color. The galls were collected and the adults emerged from the end of May to October 2013. Remarks. The genus Stefaniella contains 9 species (Gagné & Jaschhof 2014). Dorchin & Freidberg (2008) revised all the species and found no significant differences between them in morphological characters. They concluded that study of the immature stages is needed, and molecular study will be useful to determine relationships between the species. They added that the currently the best characters for distinguishing species of Stefaniella are those of their galls. There are two known species of Stefaniella that induce galls on A. halimus: S. atriplicis Kieffer, 1898 and S. trinacriae De Stefani, 1900 (Dorchin & Freidberg 2008, Gagné & Jaschhof 2014). Stefaniella atriplicis induces small stem galls, each gall about 4–5 mm in diameter and multiple chambers (Skuhravá et al. 2007). Stefaniella trinacriae induces large galls on the stems, each gall about the size of a hazelnut and having multiple chambers. In contrast to the preceding species, S. skuhravae induces small galls on the male floral inflorescence, and each gall consists of only a single chamber. Therefore, we consider it to be a new species.Published as part of Elsayed, Ayman Khamis, Skuhravá, Marcela, Karam, Hedaya Hamza, Elminshawy, Abdelaziz & Al-Eryan, Mohamed Awad, 2015, New records and new species of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) developing on Chenopodiaceae in Egypt, pp. 105-115 in Zootaxa 3904 (1) on pages 112-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3904.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/23434
Conservation in an Islamic context a case study of Makkah
No full textThe Holy Qu’ rān contains many injunctions for Muslims to respect and conserve the natural environment but few address the built environment. Habitat at the time of the Prophet (PBOH) was in the vernacular and relatively impermanent. The first habitat was the cave, the second the tent and then simple flat roofed buildings of post and lintel construction made of mud and rubble. Later buildings were not indigenous but reflected the architectural styles and techniques of Muslim pilgrims from beyond the Arabian Peninsula. Permanent exotic buildings were later erected as reminders of holy places and events. This work advances a case to restore and preserve historic and religious sites in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Makkah is the destination for millions of Muslim pilgrims who annually pay homage to Allah during the occasions of Hajj, Ramadan and Umra. The tranquillity and peaceful ambience that one associates with the holiest of Islamic experiences have, over the years, given way to jostling crowds of people who must be expediently housed, fed, transported, and protected. Due to the lack of planning and the insensitive but profitable development of the city, Makkah is in grave danger of becoming a bustling metropolis instead of a sanctuary where pilgrims gather to perform their religious rites and reaffirm their dedication to Allah. The author calls for professional planning and international cooperation to guide future development for this expanding and sensitive area. The author's ideas are grounded in practical and aesthetic study, therefore, the political, environmental and economic issues are examined in relationship to religious, historic and artistic values. The author makes proposals for a future Makkah that would provide pilgrims with the physical comforts, security, and serene environment they deserve—without destroying the city they came to visit. The author discusses preservation and conservation in the western world and the need for their acceptance in Muslim countries, the former being an aesthetic and intellectual concept sustained by law and the latter being the prescribed free expression of the individual unhindered by material considerations. Both worlds are rapidly being overwhelmed by materialism, but body, mind and spirit combine in making us aware of our surroundings and the way in what we see around us has come into being
Polyphenolic profile, hepatoprotective evaluation, and molecular docking study of three palm tree species (Family Arecaceae)
No full textArecaceae species are renowned in traditional medicine for treating inflammation and liver disorders. Herein, we aimed to identify the phenolic constituents and the hepatoprotective potential of the aqueous methanol extract (AME) of Aiphanes
eggersii, Carpoxylon macrospermum, and Jubaeopsis caffra leaves, in a drug-induced liver injury in vivo model. The AMEs are considered safe until the maximum tested dose (5 g/kg). The two selected screening doses, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, displayed antioxidant activity with significant (P < 0.05) decline in the liver/body weight ratios (19.1–29.7%), liver enzymes (25.9–63.4%), and malondialdehyde (39.3–63.8%), while increasing reduced glutathione (2.1–3.2 folds) and superoxide
dismutase (2.2–3.1 folds). Moreover, they demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory effect (P < 0.05) with decline in NF-KB p65 (32.7–64.5%), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (24.9–64.4%), and interleukin-1β (18.7–64.2%). Ultimately, significant (P < 0.05) antiapoptotic effects from the declined BAX (31.8–65.6%) and caspase-3 (23–69%), while increasing Bcl2 (2.7–5.7 folds). Ultimately, the histopathological investigation showed obvious hepatoprotective efficacy. The HPLC–MS/MS profiling revealed high phenolic content. As key phenolic attributes, chlorogenic acid is major in C. macrospermum and J. caffra, while vanillic in A. eggersii. Rutin is the principal flavonol in the three extracts (365.852–57970.205 μg/Kg), followed by hyperoside (62.764–7379.297 μg/Kg) and hesperidin (1225.976–1575.550 μg/Kg). The docking results show that rutin and hesperidin achieved the best fitting to SOD-1, with binding scores of -8.24 and -8.36 kcal/mol, while -8.0671
and -7.1735 kcal/mol with caspase-3, respectively with stable conformations revealed by 100 ns MD. In all, the investigated species exert significant hepatoprotective activity, at least partly, to their constitutive flavonoids and phenolic acids. However, further clinical investigation is still needed
Predatory mites, a green pesticide, and an entomopathogenic compound: A proposed IPM tactic based on pest species diversity indices and population dynamics
No full textZidan, Islam Mohammad, El-Saiedy, Elsayed Mohamed Ahmed K., Abou-Elella, Gomaa Mohamed, Hassan, Mourad Fahmy (2022): Predatory mites, a green pesticide, and an entomopathogenic compound: A proposed IPM tactic based on pest species diversity indices and population dynamics. Persian Journal of Acarology 11 (4): 731-752, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v11i4.7621
Baldratia karamae Elsayed and Skuhrava, new species
No full textBaldratia karamae Elsayed and Skuhravá, new species Adult description. Color (freshly emerged individuals): head black, antennae brown, thorax dark brown, wings smoky grey, legs light brown, upper and lower parts of abdomen dark brown, lateral parts red. Body length. 1.8 mm (n= 5) in female when the ovipositor not extended and 1.6 mm (n= 5) in male. Head (Fig. 11): Compound eyes with rounded facets, gap between eyes on vertex about 0-1 times as wide as facet. Palpi one-segmented; labella globular, setose, widely separated. Antenna 2 + 10 –segmented (n= 23), scape conical, pedicel rounded, flagellomeres 1–9 subequal, slightly longer than wide, each with two connected rings of circumfila in both sexes; male terminal flagellomere with circumfila arranged in a network pattern (Fig. 12); female terminal flagellomere (Fig. 13) consisting of the fusion of the three distal flagellomeres. Thorax: Wing (Fig. 14) length about 1.3 mm (n= 5) in male and 1.4 mm (n= 5) in female. Vein R 5 joining C approximately at mid-length; C broken behind the junction point with R 5; Sc and M present; CuA simple. Tarsal claws (Fig. 15) toothed and curved. Empodia shorter than claws. Hind legs of males much longer and thicker than fore- and midlegs of the female. Abdomen, Male: Tergites 1–7 rectangular with posterior row of setae; tergites 3–7 with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla. Tergite 8 about 0.3 times as wide as tergite 7. Sternites rectangular; sternites 1 and 3–5 with posterior row of setae; sternites 2, 6 and 7 with two posterior rows of setae. Genitalia (Fig. 16): Gonostylus about 0.6 times as long as gonocoxite, arched, setulose and setose, apically with blunt tooth. Gonocoxite wide, massive with scattered long setae. Mediobasal lobes small. Cerci fused, notched, setose and setulose, with rounded tips. Hypoproct entire, rounded apically. Aedeagus slender, and rounded at apex, surrounded with wide setulose parameres. Female (Fig. 17): Tergites 2–7 rectangular, with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla and posterior row of setae; tergite 8 about half tergite 7. Sternites rectangular; sternites 3–6 with posterior row of setae; sternites 6 and 7 with 1–2 posterior rows. Ovipositor (Fig. 18): segment 9 anteriorly with dorsal and ventral dark sclerotized patches, posteriorly with some hyaline setae; the two sclerotized rods widened basally. Lateral plate bears ~ 21 straight, hyaline, split setae. Aculeus concave ventrally, with three rows of strong, squamiform, apically hooked setae on the dorsal site. Sclerotized thin spine extends dorsally along the lateral plate. Apical lamella ovoid, densely covered with short setae. Holotype. Female, Egypt, El-Amria district (30 ° 59 '54.00"N, 29 ° 49 '7.00"E), 27.I. 2013, A. K. Elsayed, reared from pustule galls on leaves of Suaeda pruinosa. Paratypes. All from Egypt, Alexandria, and reared by A. K. Elsayed from leaf galls on Suaeda pruinosa. El- Amria district: 2 females, 1 male, 29.I. 2013; 2 females, 30.I. 2013; 1 female, 17.III. 2013; Abo-Talat district: 1 male, 7.III. 2013; 1 female, 27.IV. 2013; 1 female, 30.IV. 2013; Sidi Kreer district: 2 females, 1 male, 4.V. 2013; 1 female, 1 males, 5.V. 2013; 1 female, 1 male, 7.V. 2013; 4 females, 8.V. 2013; 1 female, 2 males, 15.V. 2013. Distribution. Egypt (Sidi Kreer, Abo-Talat, and El-Amria district). Etymology. This species is named in honor of Mrs. Hedaya H. Karam, professor of Economic Entomology at Alexandria University, Egypt. Biology. Larvae of B. karamae develop inside leaves of S. pruinosa (Chenopodiaceae). Attacked leaves do not show any external signs of infestation except for a dark reddish spot, but can be recognized once adults have emerged, leaving behind emergence holes and the protruding pupal exuviae. Each gall consists of a single chamber in which pupation takes place. The adults were collected from plants from the end of January to the beginning of March, and from the end of April to the middle of October, 2013. Baldratia karamae may have more than two generations per year. Remarks. According to Fedotova (1991 a) the genus Baldratia is divided into five groups on the basis of morphological characters of adults. By reviewing these characters, it was clear that the new species, B. karamae, belongs to the salicorniae Group, which is characterized by the apical lamella positioned at an obtuse angle relative to segment 9, and the lateral plate embraces the entire base of the apical lobe. The salicorniae Group previously contained three species, viz. B. salicorniae, B. suaedifolia, and B. balchanensis (Fedotova 1991 a, 1992). The thin spine of the female ovipositor is longer and thinner in B. suaedifolia, and B. balchanensis than in B. salicorniae. This new species has a long thin spine that does not exceed the base of the aculeus, in contrast to B. balchanensis which has a longer thin spine. Baldratia suaedifolia has a thin spine covered with split setae, while it is bare in B. karamae. Currently only five gall midge species are known to be associated with the host plant Suaeda (Gagné & Jaschhof 2014). Two of them, B. aelleni Möhn, 1969, and B. suaedae Möhn, 1969, were described on the basis of larvae alone (Möhn 1969), and can therefore not be compared to other adults in the genus. Baldratia karamae larvae that develop in leaves of Suaeda pruinosa, differ from the three other species, viz. B. occulta Dorchin, 2001, associated with S. monoica Forssk; B. suaedifolia Fedotova, 1991, associated with Suaeda acuminata (Meyer); and B. terteriani Mamaev & Mirumian, 1990, associated with Suaeda altissima (L.), on the basis published descriptions of these species (Mamaev & Mirumian 1990, Fedotova 1991 a, Dorchin 2001). An unique feature of the B. karamae is the stable number of antennal flagellomeres (2 + 10) in both sexes, in contrast to other species of Baldratia which have a variable number of flagellomeres between the sexes, viz. B. suaedifolia (2 + 12 in female versus 2 + 10 in male), B. occulta (2 + 13-14 in female versus 2 + 12 in male), and B. terteriani (2 + 14 in female versus 2 + 12 in male). The lateral plate of the ovipositor of B. karamae is broad at its base, narrow in the middle and covered with split setae, but B. occulta has a lateral plate which is narrow at the base and bearing 10-15 straight setae, with split setae only on the basal part. The lateral plate of B. terteriani has a small lateral projection at the base that is not present in B. karamae.Published as part of Elsayed, Ayman Khamis, Skuhravá, Marcela, Karam, Hedaya Hamza, Elminshawy, Abdelaziz & Al-Eryan, Mohamed Awad, 2015, New records and new species of gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) developing on Chenopodiaceae in Egypt, pp. 105-115 in Zootaxa 3904 (1) on pages 108-110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3904.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/23434
Figure 1 in Predatory mites, a green pesticide, and an entomopathogenic compound: A proposed IPM tactic based on pest species diversity indices and population dynamics
No full textFigure 1. Google Earth map photography of the experimental locations (pointed with pin) – i) Om Sabir, Kom Hamada, El Beheira Governorate (30° 29' 50.6" N, 30° 46' 18.8" E), and ii) Kom Oshim, Fayoum Governorate (29° 34' 40.9" N, 30° 55' 38.3" E).Published as part of Zidan, Islam Mohammad, El-Saiedy, Elsayed Mohamed Ahmed K., Abou-Elella, Gomaa Mohamed & Hassan, Mourad Fahmy, 2022, Predatory mites, a green pesticide, and an entomopathogenic compound: A proposed IPM tactic based on pest species diversity indices and population dynamics, pp. 731-752 in Persian Journal of Acarology 11 (4) on page 733, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v11i4.76217, http://zenodo.org/record/744759
Figure 2 in Predatory mites, a green pesticide, and an entomopathogenic compound: A proposed IPM tactic based on pest species diversity indices and population dynamics
No full textFigure 2. Schematic diagram of the experiment's plantation and IPM methodology, C.n: Cydnoseius negevi, A.s: Amblyseius swirskii, and P.p Phytoseiulus persimilis. (Photo credits: Dr. Zidan has created this diagram on www.biorender.com).Published as part of Zidan, Islam Mohammad, El-Saiedy, Elsayed Mohamed Ahmed K., Abou-Elella, Gomaa Mohamed & Hassan, Mourad Fahmy, 2022, Predatory mites, a green pesticide, and an entomopathogenic compound: A proposed IPM tactic based on pest species diversity indices and population dynamics, pp. 731-752 in Persian Journal of Acarology 11 (4) on page 734, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v11i4.76217, http://zenodo.org/record/744759
Analysis of Second-Order Thrust Bearing Coefficients Considering Misalignment Effect
No full textPeer reviewe
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