3,010 research outputs found
Scott M. Wilds letter to "Sir or Madame," January 30, 1979
No full textReference letter from Ohio Historical Society Research Assistant Scott M. Wilds identifying and describing a fragment copy of a page of a longer letter by William Lloyd Garrison, then and now housed in the Benjamin Lundy papers at the Ohio History Connection. Wilds provides more content for the letter and announces that it will be included in a reprint book out shortly from Belknap Press.
Wilds' context for the Garrison letter fragment is as follows: "would like to know that we have identified this letter. It is from William Lloyd Garrison to the President and Members of the Anti-Slavery Reunion Convention, June 5, 1874. The convention, which Garrison did not attend, met in Chicago on June 9, 1874. The full text of the letter is printed in the Chicago [underlined] Inter-Ocean, June 10, 1874."
Benjamin Lundy (1789-1839) was a prominent Quaker abolitionist best known for his development of abolitionist periodicals. His Genius of Universal Emancipation was first published in 1821 from his home in Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, and enjoyed a wide circulation across the antebellum United States. In the 1820s, the young William Lloyd Garrison came to work for The Genius. Benjamin Lundy traveled widely seeking subscriptions to The Genius, giving talks about the anti-slavery movement, and observing and documenting the conditions of enslaved people across the Americas. He was also involved in the establishment of freed slave colonies in Mexico
Cinq années de voyage en Orient 1846-1851 par Israel-Joseph Benjamin II, voyageur et auteur, demeurant à Faltischan (Moldavie). Paris en vente chez Michel Levy Frères, rue Vivienne, 2 bis 1856 L' auteur se réserve le droit de traduction et de reproduction
No full textPreface: by Benjamin, J.Dedication: by the author to M.J. Altaras aîné de Marseille et M. Albert Cohn.Content description: Detailed contentsPagination: PP28+240PVolumes: 1Text Genre:Pros
R. Williams letter to Mrs. Susan M.Weirman, July 21, 1896
No full textResponse letter from R. Williams to Susan M. Wierman [sometimes spelled Weirman] following up on a visit from photographer M. Wooley, presumably to snap photographs of Susan and the Lundy home to accompany Williams' biographical essay on Lundy. Williams sends along Wooley's letters and requests additional information from Ms. Wierman about the life and times of some meeting houses significant in the life and times of her father, anti-slavery activist and abolitionist periodical publisher Benjamin Lundy. Benjamin Lundy (1789-1839) was a prominent Quaker abolitionist best known for his development of abolitionist periodicals. His Genius of Universal Emancipation was first published in 1821 from his home in Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, and enjoyed a wide circulation across the antebellum United States. In the 1820s, the young William Lloyd Garrison came to work for The Genius. Benjamin Lundy traveled widely seeking subscriptions to The Genius, giving talks about the anti-slavery movement, and observing and documenting the conditions of enslaved people across the Americas. He was also involved in the establishment of freed slave colonies in Mexico
R. Williams letter to Mrs. Susan M.Weirman, March 23, 1896
No full textLetter from R. Williams to Mrs. Susan M. Wierman (here, spelled Weirman by R. Williams), daughter of Benjamin Lundy, concerning Williams' plan to visit Mrs. Wierman to take photographs for a forthcoming article on the life and times of Lundy, to be published in a Chicago newspaper. Williams describes previous visits to Wierman, and makes notes of the resources, publications and repositories he has used in compiling his study of Lundy thus far. He also makes requests of Mrs. Wierman for a sketch of recollections about life with her father and her own involvement in the abolition movement. Benjamin Lundy (1789-1839) was a prominent Quaker abolitionist best known for his development of abolitionist periodicals. His Genius of Universal Emancipation was first published in 1821 from his home in Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, and enjoyed a wide circulation across the antebellum United States. In the 1820s, the young William Lloyd Garrison came to work for The Genius. Benjamin Lundy traveled widely seeking subscriptions to The Genius, giving talks about the anti-slavery movement, and observing and documenting the conditions of enslaved people across the Americas. He was also involved in the establishment of freed slave colonies in Mexico
Nietzsche's Nihilism in Walter Benjamin
No full textIl libro ricostruisce gli elementi che Walter Benjamin riprende da Nietzsche nel definire tanto la sua teoria dell'arte di avanguardia che il suo approccio alla azione politica. Il lavoro vuole definire la linea eccentrica del discorso filosofico di Benjamin nella rappresentazione del moderno come "luogo di catastrofe permanente", in cui egli tenta di superare il nihilism nietzscheano attraverso la "debole speranza messianica". Il libro analizza le figure che Benjamin usa nel Passagen-Werk (Baudelaire, Marx, Aragon, Proust e Blanqui) come allegorie per spiegare molti aspetti della modernità. Il carattere distruttivo del moderno è un concetto che Benjamin riprende in parte da Nietzsche, in parte da Marx, in parte da Scholem e dalla mistica ebraica. Il libro si sofferma sulla metodologia benjaminiana di "strappare" immagini e concetti dal loro contesto per ricomporli in un discorso filosofico del tutto diverso.he book recontructs the lines of Nihilism that Walter Benjamin took from Friedrich Nietzsche that define both his theory of art and the avant-garde, and his approach to political action. It retraces the eccengtric route of Benjamin's philosophical discourse in the rapresentation of the modern as a place of "permanent catstrophe", where he attempts to overcome the Nietschean Nihilism through messianic hope. The book analyses how Benjamin's Arcades Project uses figures as Baudelaire, Maex, Aragon, Proust and Blanqui as allegories to explain many aspects of modernity. The author argues that Benjamin uses Baudelaire as a paradigm to emphasize the dark side of the modern era, offering us a key to the interpretation of communicative and cultural trend of today
R. Williams letter to Mrs. Susan M.Weirman, September 9, 1895
No full textShort note from Lundy biographer R. Williams to Mrs. Susan M. Wierman (here, "Wiederman") concerning Williams' proposed return visits to Wierman's home in Clear Creek, Illinois. Williams explains that he had intended to visit with a "Col. Plumb"; but Plumb is elderly and had fallen ill. Williams proposes hoping to visit solo in months to come, and asks after the dates of the local Friends Quarterly Meeting. Benjamin Lundy (1789-1839) was a prominent Quaker abolitionist best known for his development of abolitionist periodicals. His Genius of Universal Emancipation was first published in 1821 from his home in Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, and enjoyed a wide circulation across the antebellum United States. In the 1820s, the young William Lloyd Garrison came to work for The Genius. Benjamin Lundy traveled widely seeking subscriptions to The Genius, giving talks about the anti-slavery movement, and observing and documenting the conditions of enslaved people across the Americas. He was also involved in the establishment of freed slave colonies in Mexico
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Central Nervous System Changes in Asymptomatic Spinal Cord Compression and Surgical Outcome Prediction
No full textThe goal of this thesis was to investigate the patterns of functional and structural connectivity in patients with asymptomatic cervical spinal cord compression (ASCC) compared to healthy controls (HCs) and use these patterns to predict surgical outcome in degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) patients.These studies consisted of 45 ASCC patients, 35 HCs, and 42 DCM patients with resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans. The ASCC patients also had sagittal and axial T2-weighted cervical spinal MR imaging. Brain images were parcellated into regions-of-interest (ROIs) using the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) atlas and Multi-Domain Task Battery (MDTB) atlas. Correlation between rs-fMRI in ROIs was used to measure strength of functional connectivity, while streamline number from probabilistic tractography and fractional anisotropy (FA) were used to measure structural connectivity.ASCC patients had stronger functional and structural connectivity between visual and motor regions when compared to HCs, with the intracalcarine cortex (occipital cortex) being the largest hub of connection strength differences. Pre-surgical measures of functional and structural connectivity in the five connections with the greatest difference between ASCC patients and HCs were able to predict which DCM patients would experience the greatest benefit from spinal decompression surgery. This thesis indicates that functional and structural brain changes are already evident before neurological symptoms are seen. These alterations in connectivity patterns reflect a systematic reorganization of neural dynamics, suggesting the brain adaptively reconfigures its computational architecture to compensate for compromised signal transmission through the compressed spinal cord. ASCC patients appear to rely more on visual information to maintain normal sensorimotor function as proprioception information is likely compromised due to spinal compression. These early adaptations in brain computation may serve as crucial biomarkers for disease progression, potentially enabling more precise timing of clinical interventions in this challenging patient population. Finally, the finding that the same brain network changes in ASCC patients are also predictive of surgical outcome in DCM patients suggests there is a set of brain connections that define a core of adaptations the brain uses over multiple stages of this disease. The state of these connections could prove highly useful for clinicians in deciding when and if patients should be recommended for surgical intervention
Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in spinal cord injury
No full textDiffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTIMRI or RDTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that quantifies the diffusion of hydrogen atoms, primarily in unbound water molecules. In the central nervous system (CNS) diffusion is anisotropic, having a preferred direction of free diffusion parallel with axon orientation. Diffusion perpendicular to axons is restricted by boundaries from the axon cell membrane, myelin sheath, and internal structures including neurofilaments and microtubules. Thus, by monitoring the changes in diffusion characteristics within the spinal cord following injury we may deduce the microstructural organization and predict white matter integrity during recovery. The primary purpose of this dissertation work was to characterize the spatiotemporal changes in diffusion characteristics following spinal cord injury (SCI) using DTI in both a rat model and human participants. This work is the first to completely characterize diffusion throughout the neurologically intact human and rat spinal cord, the first to monitor diffusion changes from the acute through chronic stages of SCI, and the first to investigate functional correlates of spinal cord DTI during recovery
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Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tools to Characterize Molecular Subtypes and Malignant Transformation of Human IDH-Mutant Gliomas
No full textMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable tool for the clinical management and scientific investigation of patients diagnosed with brain tumors. Continued efforts in brain tumor imaging research are critical because of the ever-evolving landscape of MRI technological advancements and new insights into brain tumor biology. For example, while historically, tumor tissue diagnoses relied on histopathological features, today, tumor molecular genetic features are the foundational component of tumor classification and patient management. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas are a specific brain tumor molecular subtype that particularly impact younger adults and remain incurable. Within IDH-mutant gliomas, there are also now molecularly defined IDH-mutant astrocytomas (1p/19q intact) and IDH-mutant oligodendrogliomas (1p/19q-codeleted). Although IDH-mutant gliomas often present as indolent, low-grade tumors, these tumors eventually become more aggressive in a process clinically described as “malignant transformation” into high-grade tumors, which are more resistant to therapy and have worse prognosis. This dissertation focuses on developing novel MRI tools to characterize molecular subtypes of IDH-mutant gliomas and malignant transformation. Specifically, this dissertation introduces four new tools for IDH-mutant glioma imaging research and clinical care: (1) optimal normal appearing white matter-normalization for diffusion and perfusion MRI analyses, (2) T2-FLAIR subtraction maps for quantitative T2-FLAIR mismatch analyses, (3) pseudo-resting-state functional MRI for functional connectivity analyses using DSC perfusion MRI (provisional patent filed), and (4) digital flipbooks of patient MRI scans to visually assess brain tumors. This dissertation utilized these tools to study IDH-mutant gliomas, particularly focusing on classifying glioma molecular subtypes, assessing cognitive impairment in patients, characterizing IDH inhibitor targeted therapy treatment response, and identifying IDH-mutant glioma tumor progression, including malignant transformation
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pH-weighted Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Gliomas
No full textMagnetic resonance imaging is an integral part of medical diagnoses, treatment, and evaluation of patients with brain tumors. While standard anatomical imaging is useful, it does not provide information about molecular-level tumor characteristics that may spatially and temporally vary throughout the tumor. As such, there remains a need for the development of novel MRI techniques that can be used for evaluation of tumor growth and treatment response in patients with glioma undergoing radiochemotherapy. Extracellular acidosis is a hallmark of cancer and is intertwined with other common characteristics of the tumor microenvironment including hypoxia and angiogenesis. Therefore, the central objective of this dissertation was to develop a non-invasive imaging technique for identifying regions of acidosis within glioma and surrounding tissues using MRI. The most common types of glioma are highly aggressive and often require radiochemotherapy, which can result in variable responses across the patient population. Information about the acidity characteristics of these gliomas and the surrounding tissue may allow us to more accurately select targets for biopsy and radiation therapy, identify which patients are responding well to treatment, and predict prognosis.Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is a molecular imaging technique that generates contrast indirectly from protons on labile functional groups such as amines, amides, and hydroxyls. CEST image contrast is dependent on the exchange rate between bulk water protons and these functional groups, which is in turn dependent upon local pH. Because of this, we hypothesized that we could utilize CEST MRI for pH-weighted imaging in human tissues. By developing simulations of the Bloch-McConnell equations governing chemical exchange, we have shown that the CEST contrast generated by fast-exchanging amino acid amine protons increases with decreasing pH within a physiologically relevant range (6.0-7.4). We have also incorporated experimental scan parameters into these simulations to more accurately simulate the CEST contrast obtained during clinical data acquisition. Data were acquired in amino acid phantoms at varying pH and concentration, verifying our image contrast was dependent on pH. Our pH-weighted MRI sequence was also applied in animal models of glioma, providing evidence it can be used to generate unique contrast within tumors and can serve as a potential biomarker for response to treatment.Our CEST MRI method was then applied serially in a cohort of glioblastoma patients undergoing treatment with standard radiochemotherapy, along with select cases of patients undergoing targeted biopsy. Results showed that tumor acidity characteristics were predictive of progression-free survival in the glioblastoma patient cohort. Acidity of targets selected for biopsy on pH-weighted images was indicative of tumor within those biopsy samples. To improve the imaging time of our sequence, we then upgraded the readout to utilize echo-planar imaging (EPI) rather than the standard gradient echo method. This allowed for whole brain coverage and multiple averages within a reduced scan time. The pH-weighted CEST-EPI sequence was applied in healthy volunteers and in a cohort of glioma patients prior to biopsy, in order to select targets for biopsy in regions of acidic and non-acidic tumor tissue. A subset of these patients also underwent PET imaging using 18F-FDOPA, an amino acid analog, near the time of their their pH-weighted scan. 18F-FDOPA uptake was shown to correlate quantitatively and qualitatively with regions of acidity, although pH-weighted imaging provided unique contrast in some cases. pH-weighted MRI was also acquired in recurrent glioblastoma patients before and after the start of treatment with bevacizumab. Acidity was shown to decrease after bevacizumab treatment, and in some cases acidic regions with no apparent contrast enhancement were shown to develop contrast enhancement on follow-up images, indicating that acidic lesions on pH-weighted MRI may be predictive of further tumor growth. Two additional advanced pH-weighted CEST MRI techniques were also implemented. CEST-EPI with a multi-echo readout was developed and acquired in a small cohort of glioma patients. The short and long echoes can provide sensitivity to more and less restricted water molecules, respectively. Separately, our CEST simulation incorporating T1 and T2 maps was used to quantitatively calculate estimates of pH in each image voxel for a subset of patients and animal models. This allows us to correct for T1 and T2 effects and generate numerical estimates of pH rather than pH-weighted images.Together, these experiments and results present a comprehensive description of pH-weighted molecular MRI in gliomas. This technique has the potential to be implemented clinically for detection of acidosis in gliomas and other brain pathologies
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