28 research outputs found
Building on Mars: Research on In-Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU) for a sustainable habitat
No full textCurrently the possibilities of sending humans to Mars are being developed. This ambitious and exciting goal demands a broad range of new technologies, innovations and a fresh view on current challenges we are facing on Earth. This also applies to the field of Architectural and Building Technology. To start with, the need for building a sustainable habitat is established, where sustainability is defined as being as independent as possible from Earth. Therefore, being sustainable on Mars is vital. This aspect is leading to the research by focusing on using in-situ resources (ISRU).Based on this insight, the research question was formulated: Which in situ materials and forming techniques are suitable to create an outer shell for a sustainable habitat on Mars which protects the crew from the harsh Martian environment? The Martian habitat will have to protect the crew from, among others, radiation and the extreme temperatures (ranging from 20 °C to -153 °C).Literature study shows that ice provides an excellent shield against radiation. Moreover, ice is widely present on Mars. Hence, a number of experiments were performed to test the feasibility of using ice as a building material. The results for all three tests were the same: the addition of sand or plastic does not upgrade the building properties of the ice. However, adding salt does improve the building properties. The outcome of the experiments indicates that up to 15 ppt of NaCl increases the compressive strength from an average of 1 MPa to 4 MPa. A higher percentage of sodium chloride does not influence the compressive strength. The experiments also indicated that the colder the testing environment (up to -70°C), the higher the compressive strength of the NaCl ice is. The warmer the environment (up to +25°C), the more ductile the NaCl ice behaves. A further challenge to building a habitat on Mars is that it has to be built semi-remotely. This thesis singles out the use of robotic technology, which can perform all tasks necessary to build the habitat, ranging from mining the ice to assembling the building. A short analysis indicates that the use of additive manufacturing has great potential for the assembling of the building. In this thesis, preliminary studies and experiments have been conducted on additive manufacturing techniques for sodium chloride ice. The main outcome is that the ice structure has a greater overall strength due to the freezing of the ice layer by layer. This technique also enables the possibility of repair during the building phase as the water fills the possible cracks, and then expands upon freezing, creating a stronger structure. Finally, a habitat has been designed to assess if the technological findings are useful and comply with the overall habitat requirements. The “Ice Hab” uses two different techniques of building with ice; one almost completely independent from Earth materials and another one with Earth technology for redundancy. Overall, the habitat design complies well with the requirements. Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Building Technology | Sustainable Desig
Senses as Drivers for Space Habitats Design in Microgravity
Get PDFMonika Brandi? Lipi?ska, Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Newcastle UniversityLayla van Ellen, Hub for Biotechnology in the Built Environment, Newcastle UniversityVolker Damann, International Space UniversityICES502: Space ArchitectureThe 50th International Conference on Environmental Systems was held virtually on 12 July 2021 through 14 July 2021.Moving into off-planet environments require different approaches to design, mainly due to the fundamental physical changes astronauts perceive through their senses. Indeed, adjustments to off-planet conditions have important psychological and physiological implications and it cannot be presumed to be directly transferable from terrestrial habitat design. This paper focuses on microgravity environments and studies evidence reports and other documents on human performance in space in order to have a concise overview of the effect of space conditions and weightlessness. The study of the senses that affects health and comfort highlights the importance of changes in the perception of space, vestibular system, and proprioception. On top of that, it also demonstrates the importance of subjective perception. This paper then connects these studies with established architectural design methods such as the use of colours, spatial layout, and haptic surfaces resulting in a set of specific design responses for microgravity habitats. These suggestions and the follow up guidelines could enable the development of habitats that enhance astronauts� adjustment to microgravity environments and overall comfort
Echoes of Loss: Exploring Personal Grief through Recognition
No full textGrief is a complex experience without a specific endpoint. It follows a unique path for each person. Many support sources are available, but finding support that fits is difficult. This inspired Verening Leven met Dood to develop the Rouw Wegwijzer, an online platform that provides personalised grief support. The focus of this thesis is to develop the platform from a user-centred perspective, specifically focusing on emerging adults who have lost a parent while not residing at home, a demographic for whom grief can wield a disruptive, life-altering impact. The idea that grief has a set route and an end status of acceptance is a persistent, untrue belief in society. This shapes how bereaved think about their grief, how they are supported and what they expect from support. Contrary to this misconception, grief does not have a definitive end-point; rather, it involves a gradual and evolving understanding of the loss.Effective grief support refrains from attempting to “fix” grief but rather acknowledges the bereaved and their experiences. Conversely, unhelpful support consists of offering unsolicited or paternalistic advice and attempting to solve the grief, approaches that contradict acknowledgement.In this thesis, several research and design activities have been conducted to understand what grief is and what kind of support is considered supportive. Additionally, co-designing activities with the target group were conducted to find out what services are desirable for an online grief platform and how the interaction with the platform should be.It was identified that grief support can have many forms, but usually is shaped as conversations or text. However, talking about grief can be difficult, due to the topic being taboo, making the bereaved untrained in expressing themselves and their needs. Generative sessions with the target group revealed “Recognition” as a promising design direction. Bereaved can expand their emotional vocabulary, by recognizing their emotions and experiences in the expressions of others, ultimately leading to a deeper comprehension of their grief. This led to the following design goal: “We want to offer bereaved emerging adults a place to explore their (understanding and expression of) grief, via recognition in others’ understanding and expressions.” The final design is a platform that leverages recognition to uncover and identify grief experiences that might be difficult to put into words. It allows users to explore what is important for them while exploring and collecting varied content about grief, captured in texts, audio, images and videos. Based on the collected content, and the themes discussed in it, an overview is created of which themes seem relevant for the user. Then, per theme, the user can access information and support.The platform’s unique approach, transitioning from “exploring based on feelings” to a “structured and supportive” overview of relevant information and support, received positive feedback, with participants of the us-er test describing it as inspiring, clarifying and enlightening. However, usability issues hindered the user experience. Recommendations on how to improve the usability of the platform are made. Additionally, recommendations for further development of the Rouw Wegwijzer are given.Design for Interactio
Cataglyphis laylae Cedric A. Collingwood & Donat Agosti & Mostafa R. Sharaf & Antonius van Harten 2011, nov. spec.
No full textCataglyphis laylae Collingwood nov. spec. Plates 96–103 Cataglyphis desertorum Forel, 1894, teste Collingwood, 1985; unavailable name according to Agosti (1990). Specimens examined: Holotype: 1 ☿, United Arab Emirates, al-Ain [24°13'N 55°46'E], iii.1995, leg. C.A. Collingwood (MHNG). Paratypes: 3 ☿, al-Ain zoo, 13.iii.2005, CAC. 1 ☿, Remah, 9.iii.1995, CCA. 3 ☿, Remah, resthouse, 250 m, irrigated sand dune [24°10'37"N 55°18'6"E], 18.iii.1995, leg. D. Agosti. 6 ☿, Remah, resthouse, 250 m, irrigated sand dune, nest with one entrance, [24°10'37"N, 55°18'6"E], 18.iii.1995, leg. D. Agosti. 1 ☿, Sharjah Desert Park, 5–6.x.2004, AvH; 1 ☿, 3.iii.2005, CAC. 1 ☿, al- Za'aba, 100 m, sandy soil with Rhaisa stricta [23°43'20"N, 55°33'49"E], 22.iii.1995, leg. D. Agosti. Description: A large worker from al-Ain was selected as holotype. The measurements are as follows: total length 8.40; head width 3.60; head length 4.20; scape length 3.84; funicular segment I 0.40; funicular segment II 0.23; petiole length 1.10; petiole width 0.72. Colour dark reddish brown. There are no exterior hairs on the scapes or hind tibia. The gaster, petiole and propodeum have dorsal hairs. Remarks: This species thought to correspond with C. desertorum has to be described as a new species. In fact it is one of the commonest Cataglyphis in southern Arabia. The main distinguishing feature compared with other dark Cataglyphis is the slender petiole, which has the anterior face more sloped than in other similar species such as C. niger (André, 1882) and C. savignyi (Dufour, 1862). Biology: Cataglyphus laylae nov. spec. does not appear to occur in open sandy desert and is most abundant in disturbed habitats such as man-developed plantations and open cultivated fields. Distribution: This species was recorded by Collingwood (1985) as C. desertorum from Saudi Arabia and Oman and as Cataglyphis spec. by Collingwood & Agosti (1996). Etymology: The new species is named after a village settlement called “Layla”, just north of Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) in the area where the author (CAC) first encountered it in numbers in an Acacia plantation.Published as part of Cedric A. Collingwood, Donat Agosti, Mostafa R. Sharaf & Antonius van Harten, 2011, Order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae, pp. 1-70 in Arthropod fauna of the UAE 4 on page 54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.116858
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Cops, councils and crime and disorder : a critical review of three community safety partnerships
Get PDFThis dissertation critically reviews three community safety partnerships. It contributes to
learning by using new data to examine some of the enduring challenges faced by the partnerships as
they respond to the changing socio-political context. These multi-agency bodies primarily involve the
police and local authority, along with the fire service, and primary care trust as statutory partners,
and other criminal justice agencies. Although multi-agency work has a long history, Community
Safety Partnerships originated most notably within the Morgan Report published in 1991. The
principles outlined within the Morgan Report were subsequently embodied in the Crime and
Disorder Act 1998 which itself attempted to formalise and standardise community safety structures
and practice.
The research has involved fifty-eight in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, and
observation of twenty-nine meetings held in Birmingham, Cambridge and Lincoln. These three areas
were chosen to facilitate comparison in terms of the size of the city, local authority structure, level of
urbanisation and concomitant social deprivation, and levels of crime. My research suggests four key
challenges. The first of these concerns the development of structures within the post Crime and
Disorder Act 1998 period. The purpose, structure and processes varied between areas. Birmingham,
for example, struggled to develop an appropriate structure because of its size and the devolution of
local authority services. In all three areas, however, those interviewed noted a lack of decisionmaking
and implementation which raised questions about the purpose of the partnerships beyond
being 'talking shops' .
The second challenge concerns the changing social context for new partnership
developments. For example, the two-tier local authority structure in Cambridge and Lincoln posed
particular problems. Moreover, in all three areas community involvement appeared to be symbolic
rather than 'real'; this inhibited developments and emphasised some of the difficulties inherent in
communitariarusm.
The third challenge relates to funding and performance monitoring arrangements. Here,
practitioners noted the influence of bureaucracy and 'short-termism'. The early 'honeymoon period'
where there was relatively little government interference (Phillips et al., 2002) had ended and the
partnerships had clearly experienced increasing managerialist pressure, but in spite of this pressure,
evidence of longer-term success remained scarce. As outlined in the Audit Commission (2002),
practitioners in the three partnerships acknowledged that with the exception of specific initiatives, the
post 1998 developments had yet to make a significant impact on crime and disorder or that at best,
they remained unclear about the impact. Such uncertainty about impact could be a consequence of
the difficulties of measuring performance, of course, due to difficulties in accessing relevant data and
information about community safety initiatives.
Fourth, there appear to be inherent difficulties in assuming that 'many agencies are better
than one' in addressing community safety (Liddle, 2001). An 'ideology of unity' (Crawford and Jones,
1995), however, may mask underlying tensions. My research revealed tensions at different levels,
including tensions between the local partnerships and national government. This is not to say that
local practitioners lacked autonomy, however, as they were able to resist some of the governmental
constraints. But interagency relationships appeared to be underpinned by power struggles which
served to undermine joined-up community safety practice; in particular, the struggles raised
questions about who was responsible for community safety in each area.
The challenges for the partnerships, as revealed in this dissertation, suggest that the
recommendations within the Morgan Report of 1991 have not been addressed nor has the Crime and
Disorder Act 1998 standardised community safety structures and practice. The notion of
'responsibilisation' (Garland, 2001) through decentralised governance is clearly a complex issue; the
Government appears to wish to both 'steer' and 'row' each of the partnerships and this leaves
practitioners uncertain of their own role. This is one example of the contradiction between the 'reality'
and symbolism of community safety practice which seems to underpin the partnerships
Rare Earth Elements concentrations in seawater samples collected during the IN2017-V01 voyage of the RV Investigator
No full textProgress Code: completedStatement: Multiple procedural blanks and certified standards were processed and analysed in the same manner as samples. Accuracy and precision of the REE analysis was assessed using the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study standard (BATS seawater; (van de Flierdt et al., 2012))
We suspect issues with sample filtration at the CTD stations 9, 16 and 19 of the voyage, with the measurements representing a ‘total’ rather than dissolved fraction.<b>Purpose</b><br/>These data were collected in order to determine rare earth elements concentrations of seawater and for paleo-proxies calibration.Samples were collected from the East Antarctic margin, aboard the Australian Marine National Facility R/V Investigator from January 14th to March 5th 2017 (IN2017_V01; Armand et al., 2018). This marine geoscience expedition, named the “Sabrina Sea Floor Survey”, focused notably on studying the interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles.<br/>Ten litres seawater samples were collected using a CTD rosette equipped with Niskin® bottle and filtered through a 0.45µm Millipore GWSC04510: Ground Water sampling capsule filter directly into acid-cleaned 10 L polyethylene jerrycans. Samples were then acidified to pH 2 with 2 mL/L of distilled 6M HCl in a laminar flow hood. <br/><br/>Back to the home laboratory (IMAS Trace-Metal Lab, UTAS, Hobart, Australia), sub-samples of 60 mL were taken up from the large volume of seawater, and pre-concentrated for Rare Earth Elements (REE) using pre-packed Nobias® PA1L (Hitachi Technologies, Japan) chelating resin cartridges following the method of Hatje et al., (2014).<br/>Dissolved REE concentrations were determined in pre-concentrated samples using an Element 2 Sector Field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (SF-ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) at the Central Science Laboratory (CSL), University of Tasmania. Elemental quantification was performed via external calibration using multi-element calibration solutions (MISA-5, QCD Analysts, Spring Lake, NJ, USA). Samples were introduced to the instrument using an Aridius® II desolvating nebulizer (CETAC Technologies, USA). The DSN was tuned daily, and oxide formation for a range of test analytes (Ba, Ce, U etc) was always less than 0.05%. Raw intensities were blank and dilution corrected.<br/><br/>References<br/>Armand, L. K., O’Brien, P. E., Armbrecht, L., Baker, H., Caburlotto, A., Connell, T., … Young, A. (2018). Interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles (IN2017-V01): Post-survey report. ANU Research Publications.<br/>Hatje, V., Bruland, K. W., and Flegal, A. R. (2014). Determination of rare earth elements after pre-concentration using NOBIAS-chelate PA-1®resin: Method development and application in the San Francisco Bay plume. Marine Chemistry, 160, 34–41.<br/>van de Flierdt, T., Pahnke, K., Amakawa, H., Andersson, P., Basak, C., Coles, B., … Yang, J. (2012). GEOTRACES intercalibration of neodymium isotopes and rare earth element concentrations in seawater and suspended particles . Part 1: reproducibility of results for the international intercomparison. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 10, 234–251
Neodymium isotopic compositions measured in detrital sediment samples collected during the IN2017-V01 voyage of the RV Investigator
No full textProgress Code: completedStatement: Multiple procedural blanks and certified standards were processed and analysed in the same manner as samples.<b>Purpose</b><br/>These data were collected in order to determine the Nd isotopic composition of the detrital fraction of the sediment and for paleo-proxies calibration.Sediment cores were collected from the East Antarctic margin, aboard the Australian Marine National Facility R/V Investigator, during the IN2017_V01 voyage from January 14th to March 5th 2017 (Armand et al., 2018). This marine geoscience expedition, named the “Sabrina Sea Floor Survey”, focused notably on studying the interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles. The cores were collected using a multi-corer (MC), were sliced every centimetre, wrapped up in plastic bags, and stored in the fridge. <br/><br/>Back at the home laboratory (IMAS, UTAS, Hobart, Australia), sediment samples were dried in an oven at 40°C. Three hundred mg of dry sediment was then homogenised and vortexed for 10-sec with 12 mL of a reductive solution of 0.005M hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HH) / 1.5% Acetic Acid (AA) / 0.001M Na-EDTA / 0.033M NaOH, at pH 4 (Huang et al., 2021). The sediment was then leached a second time (to ensure the removal of all oxides and excess minerals, i.e. to isolate the detrital fraction) with 15 mL of 0.02M HH, 25% AA solution and agitated using a rotisserie (20 rpm) overnight (Wilson et al., 2018). Samples were then centrifuged, rinsed with Milli-Q water 3 times, and dried in an oven at 50°C. About 50 mg of resulting dry (detrital) sediment was ground, weighed into a Teflon vial, and digested with a strong acid mixture.<br/>First, the sediment was oxidized with a mixture of concentrated HNO3 and 30% H2O2 (1:1). Samples were then digested in open vials using 10 mL HNO3, 4 mL HCl, and 2 mL HF, at 180°C until close to dryness. Digested residues were converted to nitric form before being oxidised with a mixture of 1 mL HNO3 and 1 mL HClO4 at 220°C until fully desiccated. Samples were finally re-dissolved in 4 mL 7.5 M HNO3. The digest solution was taken to dryness, oxidized, and converted to 3M HNO3 – 2.5M HCl (3:1) form in preparation for Nd purification using column chemistry. Rare Earth Elements were separated using cation-exchange chromatography (Struve et al., 2016) and Nd isotopes were finally isolated using LN-Spec column chemistry (Pin and Zalduegui, 1997).<br/><br/>Purified sample Nd concentrations were checked prior to isotopic analysis using Sector Field Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) at the Central Science Laboratory (UTAS, Hobart, Australia). Nd isotope ratio measurements were then carried out at the Geochemistry Laboratory of the School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences of Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, using a Thermo Finnigan Triton thermal ionization mass spectrometer (TIMS). Data were reduced offline for outlier rejection and corrected using 146Nd/144Nd = 0.7219 for mass fractionation using the exponential law, and 144Sm/147Sm = 0.20667 for the Sm interference correction on mass 144. JNdi standard data produced for two load sizes using two amplifier configurations were identical: 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512110 ± 24 2sd (46 ppm 2rsd, n = 16) for 1 ng loads using 10^13Ω amplifiers, vs. 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512112 ± 3 2sd (6 ppm 2rsd, n = 6) for 100 ng loads using 10^11Ω amplifiers. The corrected 143Nd/144Nd were normalised to the JNdi standard with the published value of 0.512115 (Tanaka et al., 2000). Nd isotopic compositions are reported as ɛNd = [(143Nd/144Nd)sample / (143Nd/144Nd)CHUR - 1]x10,000 , where CHUR is the Chondritic Uniform Reservoir with 143Nd/144Nd)CHUR = 0.512638 (Jacobsen and Wasserburg, 1980).<br/><br/><br/>References<br/><br/>- Armand, L. K., O’Brien, P. E., Armbrecht, L., Baker, H., Caburlotto, A., Connell, T., … Young, A. (2018). Interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles (IN2017-V01): Post-survey report. ANU Research Publications, (March). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/13/5acea64c48693<br/>- Huang, H., Gutjahr, M., Kuhn, G., Hathorne, E. C., and Eisenhauer, A. (2021). Efficient Extraction of Past Seawater Pb and Nd Isotope Signatures From Southern Ocean Sediments. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 22(3), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009287<br/>- Jacobsen, S. B., and Wasserburg, G. J. (1980). Sm-Nd isotopic evolution of chondrites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 50(1), 139–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(80)90125-9<br/>- Pin, C., and Zalduegui, J. F. S. (1997). Sequential separation of light rare-earth elements , thorium and uranium by miniaturized extraction chromatography: Application to isotopic analyses of silicate rocks. Analytica Chimica Acta, 339, 79–89.<br/>- Struve, T., Van De Flierdt, T., Robinson, L. F., Bradtmiller, L. I., Hines, S. K., Adkins, J. F., … Auro, M. E. (2016). Neodymium isotope analyses after combined extraction of actinide and lanthanide elements from seawater and deep-sea coral aragonite. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 17(1), 232–240. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC006130<br/>- Tanaka, T., Togashi, S., Kamioka, H., Amakawa, H., Kagami, H., Hamamoto, T., … Dragusanu, C. (2000). JNdi-1: A neodymium isotopic reference in consistency with LaJolla neodymium. Chemical Geology, 168(3–4), 279–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00198-4<br/>- Wilson, D. J., Bertram, R. A., Needham, E. F., van de Flierdt, T., Welsh, K. J., McKay, R. M., … Escutia, C. (2018). Ice loss from the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during late Pleistocene interglacials. Nature, 561(7723), 383
Neodymium isotopes in seawater samples collected during the IN2017-V01 voyage of the RV Investigator
No full textProgress Code: completedStatement: Multiple procedural blanks and certified standards were processed and analysed in the same manner as samples. Accuracy and precision of the seawater - Nd analysis were assessed using JNdi-1 isotopic reference material (Geological Survey of Japan, Tanaka et al., 2000).
We suspect issues with sample filtration at the CTD stations 9, 16 and 19 of the voyage, with the measurements representing a ‘total’ (and less radiogenic eNd) rather than dissolved fraction.<b>Purpose</b><br/>These data were collected in order to determine the Nd isotopic composition of water masses and for paleo-proxies calibration.Samples were collected from the East Antarctic margin, aboard the Australian Marine National Facility R/V Investigator from January 14th to March 5th 2017 (IN2017_V01; Armand et al., 2018). This marine geoscience expedition, named the “Sabrina Sea Floor Survey”, focused notably on studying the interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles.<br/>Ten litres seawater samples were collected using a CTD rosette equipped with Niskin® bottle and filtered through a 0.45µm Acropak® capsule filter directly into acid-cleaned 10 L polyethylene jerrycans. Samples were then acidified to pH 2 with 2 mL/L of distilled 6M HCl in a laminar flow hood. These samples were analysed for neodymium (Nd) isotopes, a tracer of ocean circulation. <br/><br/>In the home laboratory (IMAS Trace-Metal Lab, UTAS, Hobart, Australia), seawater samples were pre-concentrated using pre-packed Nobias® PA1L (Hitachi Technologies, Japan) chelating resin cartridges following the method of Pérez-Tribouillier et al., (2019). Rare Earth Elements were separated using anion-exchange chromatography (Anderson et al., 2012) and cation-exchange chromatography (Struve et al., 2016). Finally, Nd isotopes were isolated using LN-Spec column chemistry (Pin and Zalduegui, 1997).<br/>Purified seawater sample Nd concentrations were checked prior to isotopic analysis using Sector Field Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) at the Central Science Laboratory (UTAS, Hobart, Australia). Nd isotope ratio measurements were then carried out at the Geochemistry Laboratory of the School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences of Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, using a Thermo Finnigan Triton thermal ionization mass spectrometer (TIMS). Data were reduced offline for outlier rejection and corrected using 146Nd/144Nd = 0.7219 for mass fractionation using the exponential law, and 144Sm/147Sm = 0.20667 for the Sm interference correction on mass 144. JNdi standard data produced for two load sizes using two amplifier configurations were identical: 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512110 ± 24 2sd (46 ppm 2rsd, n = 16) for 1 ng loads using 1013Ω amplifiers, vs. 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512112 ± 3 2sd (6 ppm 2rsd, n = 6) for 100 ng loads using 1011Ω amplifiers. The corrected 143Nd/144Nd were normalised to the JNdi standard with the published value of 0.512115 (Tanaka et al., 2000). Nd isotopic compositions are reported as eNd = [(143Nd/144Nd)sample / (143Nd/144Nd)CHUR - 1]x10,000 , where CHUR is the Chondritic Uniform Reservoir with 143Nd/144Nd)CHUR = 0.512638 (Jacobsen and Wasserburg, 1980).<br/><br/><br/>References<br/>- Anderson R. F., Fleisher M. Q., Robinson L. F., Edwards R. L., Hoff J. A., Moran S. B., van der Loeff M. R., Thomas A. L., Roy-Barman M. and Francois R. (2012) GEOTRACES intercalibration of 230Th, 232Th, 231Pa, and prospects for 10Be. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 10, 179–213. A<br/>- Armand L. K., O’Brien P. E., Armbrecht L., Baker H., Caburlotto A., Connell T., Cotterle D., Duffy M., Edwards S., Evangelinos D., Fazey J., Flint A., Forcardi A., Gifford S., Holder L., Hughes P., Lawler K.-A., Lieser J., Leventer A., Lewis M., Martin T., Morgan N., López-Quirós A., Malakoff K., Noble T., Opdyke B., Palmer R., Perera R., Pirotta V., Post A., Romeo R., Simmons J., Thost D., Tynan S. and Young A. (2018) Interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles (IN2017-V01): Post-survey report. ANU Res. Publ.<br/>- Jacobsen S. B. and Wasserburg G. J. (1980) Sm-Nd isotopic evolution of chondrites. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 50, 139–155.<br/>- Pérez-Tribouillier H., Noble T. L., Townsend A. T., Bowie A. R. and Chase Z. (2019) Pre-concentration of thorium and neodymium isotopes using Nobias chelating resin: Method development and application to chromatographic separation. Talanta, 1–10. <br/>- Pin C. and Zalduegui J. F. S. (1997) Sequential separation of light rare-earth elements , thorium and uranium by miniaturized extraction chromatography: Application to isotopic analyses of silicate rocks. Anal. Chim. Acta 339, 79–89.<br/>- Struve T., Van De Flierdt T., Robinson L. F., Bradtmiller L. I., Hines S. K., Adkins J. F., Lambelet M., Crocket K. C., Kreissig K., Coles B. and Auro M. E. (2016) Neodymium isotope analyses after combined extraction of actinide and lanthanide elements from seawater and deep-sea coral aragonite. Geochemistry, Geophys. Geosystems 17, 232–240.<br/>- Tanaka T., Togashi S., Kamioka H., Amakawa H., Kagami H., Hamamoto T., Yuhara M., Orihashi Y., Yoneda S., Shimizu H., Kunimaru T., Takahashi K., Yanagi T., Nakano T., Fujimaki H., Shinjo R., Asahara Y., Tanimizu M. and Dragusanu C. (2000) JNdi-1: A neodymium isotopic reference in consistency with LaJolla neodymium. Chem. Geol. 168, 279–281.<br/><br/>A minor data update was made on 2022-12-22:<br/>This dataset presents the neodymium isotopic composition of seawater samples collected during the AU1602 voyage aboard the RV Aurora Australis from 8th December 2016 to 21st January 2017. <br/>Dalton Polynya Nd isotope samples were analysed using a Neptune Plus (Thermo Scientific) with sample uptake via a CETAC Aridus 2 at the Australian National University. <br/>Nd isotopic compositions are reported as eNd = [(143Nd/144Nd)sample / (143Nd/144Nd)CHUR - 1]x10000 , where CHUR is the Chondritic Uniform Reservoir with 143Nd/144Nd)CHUR = 0.512638 (Jacobsen and Wasserburg, 1980). The data include the sample ID, the CTD number, the latitude and longitude (in decimal degrees), the depth (in m), the Nd isotopic composition (eNd) and the 2std
Trace elements concentrations measured in detrital sediment samples collected during the IN2017-V01 voyage of the RV Investigator
No full textProgress Code: completedStatement: At least 2 standards and a blank were included in every digestion batch, which typically involved 24 samples. Samples were analysed in batches of 10 and bracketed by blanks and a Quality Control (Standard, 100 ppb).<b>Purpose</b><br/>These data were collected in order to determine the geochemistry of the detrital fraction of the sediment.Sediment cores were collected from the East Antarctic margin, aboard the Australian Marine National Facility R/V Investigator from January 14th to March 5th 2017 (IN2017_V01; (Armand et al., 2018). This marine geoscience expedition, named the “Sabrina Sea Floor Survey”, focused notably on studying the interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles. The cores were collected using a multi-corer (MC), were sliced every centimetre, wrapped up in plastic bags, and stored in the fridge. <br/><br/>Back at the home laboratory (IMAS, UTAS, Hobart, Australia), sediment samples were dried in an oven at 40°C. Three hundred mg of dry sediment was then homogenised and vortexed for 10-sec with 12 mL of a reductive solution of 0.005M hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HH) / 1.5% Acetic Acid (AA) / 0.001M Na-EDTA / 0.033M NaOH, at pH 4 (Huang et al., 2021). The sediment was then leached a second time (to ensure the removal of all oxides and excess minerals, i.e. to isolate the detrital fraction) with 15 mL of 0.02M HH, 25% AA solution and agitated using a rotisserie (20 rpm) overnight (Wilson et al., 2018). Samples were then centrifuged, rinsed with Milli-Q water 3 times, and dried in an oven at 50°C. About 50 mg of resulting dry (detrital) sediment was ground, weighed into a Teflon vial, and digested with a strong acid mixture.<br/>First, the sediment was oxidized with a mixture of concentrated HNO3 and 30% H2O2 (1:1). Samples were then digested in open vials using 10 mL HNO3, 4 mL HCl, and 2 mL HF, at 180°C until close to dryness. Digested residues were converted to nitric form before being oxidised with a mixture of 1 mL HNO3 and 1 mL HClO4 at 220°C until fully desiccated. Samples were finally re-dissolved in 4 mL 7.5 M HNO3.<br/><br/>A 400 μL aliquot was removed from the 4 mL digest solution and diluted ~2500 times in 2% HNO3 for trace metals analysis by Sector Field Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) at the Central Science Laboratory (UTAS, Hobart, Australia). Indium was added as internal standard (In, 100 ppb). 88Sr, 89Y, 95Mo, 107Ag, 109Ag, 111Cd, 133Cs, 137Ba, 146Nd, 169Tm, 171Yb, 185Re, 187Re, 205Tl, 208Pb, 232Th, 238U, 23Na, 24Mg, 27Al, 31P, 32S, 42Ca, 47Ti, 51V, 52Cr, 55Mn, 56Fe, 59Co, 60Ni, 63Cu and 66Zn were analysed using multiple spectral resolutions. Element quantification was performed via external calibration using multi-element calibration solutions (MISA suite, QCD Analysts, Spring Lake, NJ, USA). Raw intensities were blank and dilution corrected. <br/><br/>References<br/>Armand, L. K., O’Brien, P. E., Armbrecht, L., Baker, H., Caburlotto, A., Connell, T., … Young, A. (2018). Interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles (IN2017-V01): Post-survey report. ANU Research Publications<br/><br/>Huang, H., Gutjahr, M., Kuhn, G., Hathorne, E. C., and Eisenhauer, A. (2021). Efficient Extraction of Past Seawater Pb and Nd Isotope Signatures From Southern Ocean Sediments. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 22(3), 1–22. <br/><br/>Wilson, D. J., Bertram, R. A., Needham, E. F., van de Flierdt, T., Welsh, K. J., McKay, R. M., … Escutia, C. (2018). Ice loss from the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during late Pleistocene interglacials. Nature, 561(7723), 383
Rare Earth Elements concentrations measured in detrital sediment samples collected during the IN2017-V01 voyage of the RV Investigator
No full textProgress Code: completedStatement: At least 2 standards and a blank were included in every digestion batch, which typically involved 24 samples. Samples were analysed in batches of 10 and bracketed by blanks and a Quality Control (Standard, 1 ppb).<b>Purpose</b><br/>These data were collected in order to determine the geochemistry of the detrital fraction of the sediment.Sediment cores were collected from the East Antarctic margin, aboard the Australian Marine National Facility R/V Investigator from January 14th to March 5th 2017 (IN2017_V01; (Armand et al., 2018). This marine geoscience expedition, named the “Sabrina Sea Floor Survey”, focused notably on studying the interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles. The cores were collected using a multi-corer (MC), sliced every centimetre, wrapped up in plastic bags, and stored in the fridge. <br/><br/>Back at the home laboratory (IMAS, UTAS, Hobart, Australia), sediment samples were dried in an oven at 40°C. Three hundred mg of dry sediment was then homogenised and vortexed for 10-sec with 12 mL of a reductive solution of 0.005M hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HH) / 1.5% Acetic Acid (AA) / 0.001M Na-EDTA / 0.033M NaOH, at pH 4 (Huang et al., 2021). The sediment was then leached a second time (to ensure the removal of all oxides and excess minerals, i.e. to isolate the detrital fraction) with 15 mL of 0.02M HH, 25% AA solution and agitated using a rotisserie (20 rpm) overnight (Wilson et al., 2018). Sample residues were then centrifuged, rinsed with Milli-Q water 3 times, and dried in an oven at 50°C. About 50 mg of resulting dry (detrital) sediment was ground, weighed into a Teflon vial, and digested with a strong acid mixture.<br/>First, the sediment was oxidized with a mixture of concentrated HNO3 and 30% H2O2 (1:1). Samples were then digested in open vials using 10 mL HNO3, 4 mL HCl, and 2 mL HF, at 180°C until close to dryness. Digested residues were converted to nitric form before being oxidised with a mixture of 1 mL HNO3 and 1 mL HClO4 at 220°C until fully desiccated. Samples were finally re-dissolved in 4 mL 7.5 M HNO3.<br/>A 400 μL aliquot was removed from the 4 mL digest solution and diluted ~2500 times in 1% HNO3 for rare earth elements (REE) analysis by Sector Field Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry (SF-ICP-MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) at the Central Science Laboratory (UTAS, Hobart, Australia). Element quantification was performed via external calibration using multi-element calibration solutions (MISA-5, QCD Analysts, Spring Lake, NJ, USA). Samples were introduced to the instrument using an Aridius® II desolvating nebulizer (CETAC Technologies, USA). The DSN was tuned daily, and oxide formation for a range of test analytes (Ba, Ce, U etc) was always less than 0.05%. Isotopes 137Ba, 139La, 140Ce, 141Pr, 146Nd, 150Nd, 147Sm, 153Eu, 158Gd, 159Tb, 163Dy, 165Ho, 166Eu, 169Tm, 172Yb and 175Lu were monitored in low resolution mode. Raw intensities were blank and dilution corrected. <br/><br/>References<br/>- Armand, L. K., O’Brien, P. E., Armbrecht, L., Baker, H., Caburlotto, A., Connell, T., … Young, A. (2018). Interactions of the Totten Glacier with the Southern Ocean through multiple glacial cycles (IN2017-V01): Post-survey report. ANU Research Publications<br/>- Huang, H., Gutjahr, M., Kuhn, G., Hathorne, E. C., and Eisenhauer, A. (2021). Efficient Extraction of Past Seawater Pb and Nd Isotope Signatures From Southern Ocean Sediments. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 22(3), 1–22. <br/>- Wilson, D. J., Bertram, R. A., Needham, E. F., van de Flierdt, T., Welsh, K. J., McKay, R. M., … Escutia, C. (2018). Ice loss from the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during late Pleistocene interglacials. Nature, 561(7723), 383
