38 research outputs found
Local support for conservation is associated with perceptions of good governance, social impacts, and ecological effectiveness
No full textLocal support is important for the longevity of conservation initiatives. The literature suggests that perceptions of ecological effectiveness, social impacts, and good gov- ernance will influence levels of local support for conservation. This paper examines these relationships using data from a survey of small-scale fishermen in 11 marine pro- tected areas from six countries in the Mediterranean Sea. The survey queried small- scale fishermen regarding perceptions and support for conservation. We constructed composite scores for three categories of perceptions—ecological effectiveness, social impacts, and good governance—and tested the relationship with levels of support using ordinal regression models. While all three factors were positively correlated with support for conservation, perceptions of good governance and social impacts were stronger predictors of increasing support. These findings suggest that employ- ing good governance processes and managing social impacts may be more important than ecological effectiveness for maintaining local support for conservation
Relationship between cooking rate and Warner-Bratzler shear force from pork chops cooked to two degrees of doneness
No full textMany factors can combine to affect the tenderness of pork chops, ranging from pre-slaughter factors (sire line, sex, animal handling), to inherent factors in both direct (sarcomere length, collagen content, postmortem proteolysis) and indirect (pH, WHC, color, marbling) ways. Other factors such as choice of cooking method and degree of doneness can be influenced by consumer preparation of pork. Being able to use cooking rate as a possible predictor of tenderness could impact cooking decisions in the industry. Consequently, knowing if pork chop cooking rate is related to tenderness could allow consumers to prepare chops accordingly in a way that maximizes tenderness for a good eating experience at home. As research is limited on cooking rates of pork chops, the objective was to determine the relationship between cook rate and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values of pork chops cooked to two degrees of doneness (DoD) (N=503 for 63⁰C and N=357 for 71⁰C). Ventral loin and chop quality traits were measured on loins after aging 14 d. Chops were cooked on Farberware open-hearth grills (temperature monitored with Omega data logging thermometer). Slopes of regression lines and coefficients of determination between cook rate and WBSF values for both DoD were determined using the REG procedure of SAS and considered significant at P≤0.05. Stepwise regression analysis of quality traits and cook rate with WBSF utilized the REG procedure of SAS. As cook rate increased, WBSF values decreased regardless of DoD (P≤0.05). Although slopes of the calculated regression lines for both sets of chops were significant, reported slopes indicate the change in tenderness due to increased cook rate is limited (β1=-0.18939 for 63⁰C; β1=-0.21668 for 71⁰C). Cook rate only explained 2.0% and 5.4% of variability in WBSF of chops cooked to 63⁰C and 71⁰C, respectively. Cook rate explained 7.8% and 25.6% of variability in cook loss of chops cooked to 63⁰C and 71⁰C. Cook loss explained 10.2% and 20.1% of variability in WBSF of chops cooked to 63⁰C and 71⁰C. In stepwise regression, cook loss was the most influential trait in both DoD, followed by pH in 63⁰C and marbling in 71⁰C. Prediction equations explained 17% of variability in WBSF for 63⁰C and 22% of variability in 71⁰C chops. Because cook rate represented such a small percentage of variation in this study, it is likely that variation in tenderness of chops cooked to the same DoD is due to other factors. The findings of this study indicate that cook rate had minimal effect on the tenderness of pork chops cooked to two DoD.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2023-05-01The student, Taylor Nethery, accepted the attached license on 2021-04-20 at 19:33.The student, Taylor Nethery, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2021-04-20 at 19:40.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2021-04-27 at 18:39.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16449 on 2021-09-16 at 17:04:10Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-17T02:34:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Royal Commission on Human Relationships
No full textThis controversial Royal Commission from the 1970s found that many Australian families were failing to protect their most valuable members, and helped change the shape of public discussion around families, gender and sexuality.
This is the first time a digitised version of the Royal Commission on Human Relationships\u27 five-volume final report has been made publically available.
The Royal Commission was initiated in 1974, following a failed attempt by the Whitlam government to reform abortion law. The terms of reference were:
To inquire into and report upon the family, social, educational, legal and sexual aspects of male and female relationships, so far as those matters are relevant to the powers and functions of the Australian Parliament and Government, including powers and functions in relation to the Territories:
To give particular emphasis to the concept of responsible parenthood, to have regard to experience in other countries and to include in your inquiry the following aspects of the said matters:
(a) the extent of relevant existing education programs, including sex education programs, and their effectiveness in promoting responsible sexual behaviour and providing a sound basis in the fundamentals of male and female relationships in the Australian social environment;
(b) the extent of relevant existing programs in medical schools and their adequacy to provide comprehensive medical training in contraceptive techniques, in the physical, psychological and sexual problems experienced by women in adapting to marriage and before, during and after menstruation and in matters relating to pregnancy, fertility control, spontaneous and induced abortions and childbirth and to encourage acceptance by the medical profession of its responsibilities in the field of contraceptive counselling;
(c) the provision, adequacy and effectiveness of existing family planning facilities, educational and activational information on family planning and methods of evaluation of all family planning techniques;
(d) the social, economic, psychological and medical pressures on women in determining whether to proceed with unplanned or unwanted pregnancies, having regard to:
(i) the adequacy of housing, child-minding centres, pre-school centres, domestic assistance for families and working mothers, assistance to single parent families, other forms of assistance for mothers employed in industry, and adoption procedures;
(ii) the disabilities of families with handicapped children; and
(iii) the social status of women in the community; the social, psychological and medical results of termination of, or and failure to terminate such pregnancies;
(e) the adequacy and effectiveness of existing medico-legal determinations in relation to termination of pregnancy, the incidence of such terminations, the factors influencing their occurrence, the adequacy of medical training in an evaluation of methods of termination, consultative rights of the family or other persons concerned and the adequacy and effectiveness of pregnancy support services; and
(f) any other matters in relation to the family, social, educational, legal and sexual aspects of male and female relationships to which the attention of the Commission is directed by the Prime Minister in the course of the inquiry.
To make recommendations as to measures that are desirable with respect to the foregoing matters under existing or future laws of the Australian Parliament or of the Territories (including laws providing for grants to the States) and to indicate whether these measures should be implemented through existing bodies or through government instrumentalities to be created.
The final report, presented to Governor-General John Kerr in 1977, contained over 500 recommendations relating to "contraception (access and use), unwanted pregnancies, childbirth, attitudes to sexuality, sexual knowledge, sex education, domestic violence, rape and the police and courts’ treatment of rape victims, the changing roles of women, child care, child abuse, and homosexuality – especially discrimination faced by gays and lesbians."
The report was highly controversial when released and many of its recommendations were not acted on. However, the Royal Commission had a lasting influence. It was said to have brought taboo topics like abortion, rape and child abuse into public discussion, and to have opened up conversations about private life to this day.
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Part of the Policy History Collection. Digitisation of this report has been supported by the National Library of Australia.
Reproduced with permission of the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet
From measures to models : predicting exposure to air pollution among pregnant women
No full textIntroduction: Exposure assessment is a key challenge in environmental epidemiology. When
modeling exposures for populations, one should consider (1) the applicability of the exposure model
to the health effect of interest (i.e. chronic, acute), (2) the applicability of the model to the population
of interest, (3) the extent to which modeled exposures account for individual factors and (4) the
sources of variability within the model. Epidemiological studies of traffic-related air pollution and
birth outcomes have used a variety of exposure models to estimate exposures for pregnant women.
These models are rarely evaluated, let alone specifically for pregnant women.
Methods: Measured and modeled personal exposures to air pollutants (nitric oxide: NO, nitrogen
dioxide: N0₂ , filter absorbance and fine particles: PM₂․₅) were obtained for 62 pregnant women from
2005-2006 in Vancouver, Canada. Exposures were measured for 48-hours, 1-3 times over the
pregnancy. Mobility was assessed using Global Positioning System monitoring and self-reported
activity logs; individual factors (dwelling characteristics, socio-economic factors) were assessed using
questionnaires.
Results: Modeled home concentrations using a traffic-based land-use regression model were
moderately predictive of personal samples for NO only (Pearson's r=0.49). Models for NO including
home and work locations explained more between subject variance than using home only (4% home
only, 2 0 % with home and work). Modeled exposures using ambient monitoring stations were
predictive of personal samples for NO (Pearson's r=0.54), absorbance (r=0.29) and PM₂․₅ (r=0.12)
mainly due to temporal correlations (within subject variance: NO = 37% , absorbance = 11%,
PM, 5 = 9%). Home gas stove was an important determinant of personal exposure for all pollutants.
There was a significant (1 hour/day/trimester) increase in time spent at home with increased trimester
of pregnancy.
Conclusions: In this evaluation, based upon repeated 48-hour exposure measurements, models
currently used in air pollution studies were moderately reflective of personal exposures, depending on
the specific pollutant and model. Land-use regression shows promise for capturing spatial variability,
especially when including mobility (work or school locations) in exposures, whereas monitor-based
models are better for capturing temporal variability. Future models should include mobility, where
possible, and consider the implications of increasing time at home over pregnancy in assessing
exposures for pregnant women.Medicine, Faculty ofPopulation and Public Health (SPPH), School ofGraduat
Gestational diabetes screening changes and impacts on diagnosis
No full textBackground: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects between 2-40% of pregnancies worldwide, depending on diagnostic and screening methods. Changes in screening practices are not well understood because administrative sources lack data on whether or how individuals were screened. The objectives of this thesis were to: 1) validate a method to identify prenatal screening for GDM and other conditions in administrative health data; 2) describe changes in GDM screening; 3) evaluate the relative contributions of screening and population characteristics to changes in GDM risk; 4) characterize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnancy weight gain and infant birthweight.
Methods: Laboratory billing records from BC’s universal health insurance system for prenatal screening tests were compared with medical records by calculating validation properties. All pregnancies (birth >20wks or >500g) in British Columbia, Canada, 2005-2019, with linked perinatal health and administrative data, were used to examine time trends in GDM screening methods, trends within subgroups, and the effect of screening changes on prevalence. A second cohort from Washington State, 2016-2020, was analyzed using an interrupted time series design, to assess COVID-19 impacts on pregnancy weight gain and infant birthweight using z-scores.
Results: GDM screening in laboratory billing records had a high sensitivity (97% [95% CI: 90, 99]) and specificity (>99% [95% CI: 86, <99]) compared with medical records. GDM diagnoses in BC more than doubled from 7.2% in 2005 to 14.7% in 2019 (n=550,783 pregnancies). Most of this increase was explained by changes in screening; adjustment for population factors had minimal impact. In Washington state, using an interrupted time series, pregnancy weight gain z-score increased by 0.08 (95% CI 0.03, 0.13) after the COVID-19 pandemic onset and infant birthweight z-scores were unchanged (-0.004, 95% CI (-0.04, 0.03)).
Conclusion: Prenatal screening tests can be accurately ascertained using BC insurance billing data. Changes in GDM screening completion and in screening methods accounted for most of the increase in GDM diagnosis in BC since 2005. Covid-19 pandemic countermeasures were associated with an increase in pregnancy weight gain but not infant birthweight. Public health and future researchers should understand how screening changes can directly affect disease prevalence.Medicine, Faculty ofPopulation and Public Health (SPPH), School ofGraduat
Wingless wonders : a collection of poetry : an honors thesis (HONRS 499)
No full textThere is no abstract available for this thesisThesis (B.?.)Honors Colleg
Jay-Z, Phenomenology, & Hip-Hop
No full textThis essay undertakes a phenomenological inquiry into the ‘experiential structure of hip-hop’ – a structure that hip-hop artist Jay-Z (Shawn Carter) gestures towards in his text Decoded. In this book, Jay-Z argues that hip-hop has a particular power to act as the vehicle for the communication of a specific type of experience, i.e. contradictory experiences, or those which do not seem possible under the principle of non-contradiction. For instance, Tupac Shakur says of his mom that “…even as a crack fiend, mama / You always was a Black Queen, mama.” The way in which hip-hop is a powerful vehicle for this communication lies, according to Jay-Z, in its very structure, which he describes using two sets of terms: rhythm/flow and music/rhyme. Using Jay-Z’s general outline, this essay attempts to complete a phenomenological analysis of hip-hop, in the effort to (1) isolate the experiential structure of hip-hop and (2) isolate, within this structure, the way in which hip-hop is able to communicate contradictory experiences. In the final analysis, the author isolates the experiential structure of hip-hop and shows how its multiple layers work to draw listeners in and induce them to experience-with the artist
Rural community birth: Maternal and neonatal outcomes for planned community births among rural women in the United States, 2004-2009
No full textComparison of Outcome Measures in a US Birth Cohort Against Those in the National Maternity and Perinatal Audit Report [09O]
No full textHow Much Is Too Much? Intrapartum Interventions in a Term Singleton US Birth Cohort [19N]
No full text
