1,721,503 research outputs found
Multinational firms from emerging to advanced countries: target firms’ performance implications
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Experimental results of an electronic flux regulator’s installation applied to lighting systems in industrial sheds for energy saving
No full textIn this article, experimental technical results of an energy-saving project are shown. The innovation consists of controlling lighting flux for industrial shed lamps. The project replaces the traditional electromagnetic power supply with a new electronic one in each lighting body. Moreover, a control box is installed that can communicate with lamp supplies by conveyed waves on the existing electric power network. The timely flux distribution is analyzed here, following the industrial process to provide both a good service and energy saving. The system is designed to reach the best compatibility with the existing wiring and to reduce costs at maximum. A measurement system is installed on site to ensure the estimated saving and economy of investment. The efficiency of the new electronic lamp supply is checked. © 2009 Energy Engineering All. rights Reserved
How do multinational firms from emerging countries use acquisitions in advanced economies to upgrade their capabilities
No full textDebate is ongoing on whether firms from emerging economies are catching up technologically and will be ultimately able to produce new technology. Such debate has been primarily fed by the recent boom of acquisitions of firms located in advanced countries by emerging multinationals enterprises (EMNEs) (UNCTAD 2006). Extant research has indeed documented that EMNEs extensively use acquisitions to address their competitive disadvantage (Child and Rodrigues 2005) by furthering up the technological ladder and upgrading their resources and capabilities (Guillén and Garcıa-Canal 2009; Rui and Yip 2008). These scholars, however, have provided empirical evidence on and discussed upgrading via acquisitions primarily with reference to a generic strategy of capabilities upgrading (e.g. Luo and Tung 2007: Makino, Lau and Yeh 2002).
We seek to advance this literature by asking whether different technology-intensive EMNEs follow different capability upgrading strategies when acquiring advanced country targets. In particular, we distinguish between a dual capability upgrading strategy which encompasses the simultaneous upgrading of technological and complementary (e.g. managerial and organizational) capabilities, and a pure complementary capability upgrading strategy. To this end, we investigate whether manufacturing and services EMNEs operating in different technology-intensive sectors select advanced country firms in the same or higher technology-intensive sectors. We assume that within the same technology-intensive sector advanced country firms tend to have superior complementary assets as a result of their home country advantage (Erramilli, Agarwal and Kim 1997), while advanced country targets in higher technology-intensity sectors own both higher technological and complementary capabilities. Thus, EMNEs follow a dual capability upgrading strategy when they simultaneously upgrade their technological and complementary capability by acquiring higher technology-intensive advanced country firms, and a pure complementary capability upgrading strategy by acquiring advanced country firms at the same technology-intensive level. An EMNE acquiring an advanced country firm within the same technology-intensive sector may indeed acquire new technological knowledge without, however, technologically upgrading.
We rely on a large database of over 600 mergers and acquisitions undertaken by EMNEs from Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) in Europe, North-America (USA and Canada) and Japan between 1985 and 2008, and classified according to the level of technology intensity of acquirer and target. Our findings suggest that medium technology-intensive EMNEs follow a dual capability upgrading strategy as they already have a critical mass of competences and resources. EMNEs that are at the top and bottom of the technological ladder pursue a pure complementary capability upgrading strategy. Low technology-intensive EMNEs are yet unable to climb up the technological ladder, while high technology-intensive EMNEs are willing to address their competitive disadvantage by gaining complementary capabilities and resources (Barney and Zajac 1994). We found that these patterns are consistent across manufacturing and services.
The study offers two contributions. First, it adds to the literature on EMNEs by providing a finely-grained analysis of different capability upgrading strategies via acquisitions based upon the level of technological-intensity of acquirer and target. To this literature, it also offers a comparative analysis of manufacturing and services acquisitions. Studies on EMNEs have indeed primarily focused on manufacturing (e.g. Knoerich 2010; Van-Hoesel 1999), while our knowledge on service EMNEs is still scant. Second, it extends the literature on international knowledge sourcing by pointing out the need to consider south-north patterns
Internationalization strategies and entry mode choices: A comparison between EMNCs and AMNCs
No full textAcquisitions from emerging to advanced countries and capability upgrading strategies
No full textExtant research has documented that Multinational Enterprises from Emerging countries (EMNEs) rely on cross-border acquisitions of advanced country firms to upgrade their capabilities. However, these studies have investigated the phenomenon in terms of a generic capability upgrading strategy. This paper seeks to advance this literature by distinguishing between a dual capability upgrading strategy, which implies the acquisitions of both technology and complementary capabilities, and a pure complementary capability strategy, and by relating them to the technological intensity of acquiring and target firms. Hypotheses are developed and tested on a large sample of more than 600 acquisitions undertaken by firms located in Brazil, Russia, India and China in Europe, North America and Japan between 1985 and 2008. Results show that firms belonging to medium-tech manufacturing and services industries pursue a dual capability upgrading strategy by investing in high-tech industries, while high-tech and low-tech EMNEs pursue a pure complementary capability strategy
The global sourcing of business services: evidence from the offshoring research network survey
No full textThis article provides a statistical investigation aimed at gaining further understanding of the phenomenon of global sourcing of business services, which has been subject to an impressive growth in the last fifteen years. The Offshoring Research Network has started to investigate this phenomenon in 2004, and it has surveyed more than four thousand global sourcing ventures up to 2011. Evidence shows that value-added and knowledge-based activities such as R&D, engineering and product design are increasingly offshored, and that firms prefer captive rather than outsourcing governance modes when involving these business functions. European companies show a slight preference for captive solutions, while US and Canadian companies are more likely to adopt outsourcing solutions. India is the main recipient, hosting almost 40% of the offshoring initiatives, probably because it offers not only low cost skilled labour but also qualified service providers, given that it is targeted mainly through the outsourcing governance mode. Finally, the main drivers appear to be cost-savings and access to qualified personnel, while captive governance mode seems to be more performing than outsourcing in achieving both savings and high quality standar
Cosmic microwave background observations. Looking for the cosmic web through the Sunyaev Zeldovich effect
Full text linkGalaxy clusters and surrounding medium, can be studied using X-ray bremsstrahlung emission and Sunyaev Zel’dovich (SZ) effect. Both astrophysical probes, sample the same environment with different parameters dependance. The SZ effect is relatively more sensitive in low density environments and thus is useful to study the filamentary structures of the cosmic web. In addition, observations of the matter distribution require high angular resolution in order to be able to map the matter distribution within and around galaxy clusters. High sensitivity, high angular resolution millimetric cameras are needed to fully exploit low density environment which could reveal the presence of the missing baryons
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