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    Biogeography and phylogeny of Paraergasilus Markevich, 1937 (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) with descriptions of two new species from the gills of grey mullet

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    El-Rashidy, Hoda, Boxshall, Geoffrey A. (2001): Biogeography and phylogeny of Paraergasilus Markevich, 1937 (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) with descriptions of two new species from the gills of grey mullet. Journal of Natural History 35 (12): 1807-1819, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110101387, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0022293011010138

    FIG. 3. Paraergasilus dichotomus n in Biogeography and phylogeny of Paraergasilus Markevich, 1937 (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) with descriptions of two new species from the gills of grey mullet

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    FIG. 3. Paraergasilus dichotomus n. sp. Adult female. (A) First swimming leg, anterior; (B) second swimming leg, anterior; (C) fourth swimming leg, anterior; (D) ®fth leg. Scale bars in mm.Published as part of El-Rashidy, Hoda & Boxshall, Geoffrey A., 2001, Biogeography and phylogeny of Paraergasilus Markevich, 1937 (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) with descriptions of two new species from the gills of grey mullet, pp. 1807-1819 in Journal of Natural History 35 (12) on page 1812, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110101387, http://zenodo.org/record/527594

    FIG. 5 in Biogeography and phylogeny of Paraergasilus Markevich, 1937 (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) with descriptions of two new species from the gills of grey mullet

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    FIG. 5. Strict consensus tree of Paraergasilus obtained from Branch and Bound analysis using PAUP 3.1.1.Published as part of El-Rashidy, Hoda & Boxshall, Geoffrey A., 2001, Biogeography and phylogeny of Paraergasilus Markevich, 1937 (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) with descriptions of two new species from the gills of grey mullet, pp. 1807-1819 in Journal of Natural History 35 (12) on page 1817, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110101387, http://zenodo.org/record/527594

    FIGURE 4. Caligus dakari van Beneden, 1892 male. A in A review of the Caligus productus species group, with the description of a new species, new synonymies and supplementary descriptions

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    FIGURE 4. Caligus dakari van Beneden, 1892 male. A. genital complex and abdomen, ventral view; B. antenna, postantennal process (pap) and maxillule (mxl) in situ, ventral view; C. maxilliped; D. sternal furca in situ; E. second exopodal segment of leg 1 showing distal armature; F. leg 4. Scale-bars: A = 500 μm, B, C, D, F = 250 μm, E = 100 μm.Published as part of Boxshall, Geoff A & El-Rashidy, Hoda H., 2009, A review of the Caligus productus species group, with the description of a new species, new synonymies and supplementary descriptions, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 2271 on page 11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19095

    FIG. 4. Paraergasilus curtus n in Biogeography and phylogeny of Paraergasilus Markevich, 1937 (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) with descriptions of two new species from the gills of grey mullet

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    FIG. 4. Paraergasilus curtus n. sp., adult female. (A) Dorsal view; (B) antenna; (C) antennary claws; (D) ®rst swimming leg, anterior. Scale bars in mm.Published as part of El-Rashidy, Hoda & Boxshall, Geoffrey A., 2001, Biogeography and phylogeny of Paraergasilus Markevich, 1937 (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) with descriptions of two new species from the gills of grey mullet, pp. 1807-1819 in Journal of Natural History 35 (12) on page 1814, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110101387, http://zenodo.org/record/527594

    FIGURE 6 in A review of the Caligus productus species group, with the description of a new species, new synonymies and supplementary descriptions

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    FIGURE 6. Caligus haemulonis Krøyer, 1863 male. A. genital complex and abdomen, ventral view; B. antenna, postantennal process (pap) and maxillule (mxl) in situ, ventral view; C. maxilliped; D. sternal furca; E. distal armature on second exopodal segment of leg 1; F. leg 4. Scale-bars: A = 200 μm, B, C, F = 100 μm, D, E = 50 μm.Published as part of Boxshall, Geoff A & El-Rashidy, Hoda H., 2009, A review of the Caligus productus species group, with the description of a new species, new synonymies and supplementary descriptions, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 2271 on page 17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19095

    FIGURE 3. Caligus dakari van Beneden, 1892 female. A in A review of the Caligus productus species group, with the description of a new species, new synonymies and supplementary descriptions

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    FIGURE 3. Caligus dakari van Beneden, 1892 female. A. genital complex and abdomen, ventral view; B. antenna, postantennal process (pap) and maxillule (mxl), ventral view in situ; C. leg 4. Scale-bars: A = 1 mm, B = 200 μm, C = 250 μm.Published as part of Boxshall, Geoff A & El-Rashidy, Hoda H., 2009, A review of the Caligus productus species group, with the description of a new species, new synonymies and supplementary descriptions, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 2271 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19095

    Caligus ariicolus Wilson 1928

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    Caligus ariicolus Wilson, 1928 Differential diagnosis: Female genital complex and abdomen combined about 1.5 times longer than cephalothorax; body length 3.75–4.25 mm. Male length 3.0 mm. Female genital complex large, lacking distinct postero-lateral lobes; only slightly longer than abdomen; abdomen 2 -segmented, first segment about 3 times longer than second. Male genital complex slender: abdomen 2 -segmented; second segment longer than first. Post-antennal process sexually dimorphic, larger and more strongly curved in male. Sternal furca with incurved tines but narrow gape. Female maxilliped with smooth medial margin. Male maxilliped with process on myxal margin, opposing tip of claw. Exopod of leg 1 with seta at inner distal angle longer than longest distal spine but shorter than segment; no setae on posterior margin. First exopodal segment of leg 4 with large outer spine reaching nearly to tip of outer spine on second segment; outer spine on second exopodal segment long, about equal in length to outer and middle spines on distal margin; terminal spine distinctly longer than other 2 distal margin spines. Material examined: none Distribution: Thailand. Hosts: Ariidae: Nemapteryx caelata (Valenciennes, 1840) (as Arius caelatus). Remarks: This species has a large genital complex and abdomen and is similar in body proportions to Caligus fugu Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1959. However, it differs in the absence of the spinous process on the medial margin of the maxilliped of the female. The sternal furca of C. ariicolus has incurved tines whereas those of C. fugu are straight and tapering. Caligus ariicolous Wilson, 1928 was described from a catfish caught off Paknam, Thailand, and has not been reported since.Published as part of Boxshall, Geoff A & El-Rashidy, Hoda H., 2009, A review of the Caligus productus species group, with the description of a new species, new synonymies and supplementary descriptions, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 2271 on page 9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19095

    Caligus bocki Heegaard 1943

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    <i>Caligus bocki</i> Heegaard, 1943 <p> <b>Differential diagnosis:</b> Female genital complex and abdomen combined just slightly shorter than cephalothorax; body length 2.6–2.8 mm. Female genital complex produced into distinct postero-lateral lobes; abdomen apparently 2-segmented, first segment very much shorter than second. Post-antennal process not strongly recurved in female. Sternal furca with tines apparently fused to form median tapering spine. Female maxilliped with small tooth-like process on myxal margin. Leg 4 with long distal spines, terminal spine slightly longer than other 2 distal margin spines. Male unknown.</p> <p> <b>Material examined:</b> none</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> Gilbert Islands.</p> <p> <b>Hosts:</b> Carcharhinidae: <i>Carcharhinus falciformis</i> (Müller & Henle, 1839) (as <i>Eulamia menisorrah</i></p> <p>(Müller & Henle)).</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> The original description is of extremely poor quality and is inconsistent: the body length of the single holotype female is given as 2.6 mm and also as 2.8 mm by Heegaard (1943) in different parts of the text. Although described as having a 1-segmented abdomen, we consider the abdomen 2-segmented with the short base illustrated as carrying the large free segment being interpreted here as a short first free abdominal segment. As well as being the only species in the group, other than <i>C. productus</i> itself, to possess posterolateral lobes on the genital complex, this species shares a second similarity, namely the tiny process on the medial margin of the female maxilliped. This at least raises the possibility that the type specimen could be an aberrant individual of <i>C. productus</i>, found on an unusual host, the shark <i>Carcharhinus falciformis</i>. The form of the sternal furca, with its fused tines, is a unique apomorphy for this species within the group.</p>Published as part of <i>Boxshall, Geoff A & El-Rashidy, Hoda H., 2009, A review of the Caligus productus species group, with the description of a new species, new synonymies and supplementary descriptions, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 2271</i> on page 9, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/190952">10.5281/zenodo.190952</a&gt

    Caligus schelegeli Ho & Lin 2003

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    Caligus schelegeli Ho & Lin, 2003 Syn: C. pagrosomi schelegeli Ho & Lin, 2003 Differential diagnosis: Female genital complex and abdomen combined about 1.6 times longer than cephalothorax; body length 3.10–3.88 mm. Male body length 2.28–2.84 mm. Female genital complex longer than wide, lacking distinct postero-lateral lobes: abdomen 2 -segmented, first segment about 2.0 times longer than second. Male abdomen 2 -segmented; second segment about 1.6 times longer than first. Female antenna with distal claw weakly curved. Post-antennal process curved in both sexes. Additional process present between post-antennal process and base of antenna in female. Posterior process of maxillule with tiny blunt accessory process in male. Sternal furca of female with incurved tines and with small rounded processes on body surface either side of furca. Female maxilliped with smooth myxal margin. Male maxilliped with large, acutely-pointed process on myxal margin, opposing tip of claw. Exopod of leg 1 with seta at inner distal angle shorter than segment but longer than longest of distal spines; posterior margin with single, naked vestigial seta. Outer margin of second endopodal segment of leg 2 ornamented with typical setules. Leg 4 with robust first exopodal segment bearing marginal setule, spine extending beyond base of proximal outer spine of second segment; second segment with distal spines well developed, increasing slightly in length from outer to inner. Material examined: none Distribution: Taiwan. Hosts: Carangidae: Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758); Mugilidae: Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758; Scatophagidae: Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766); Siganidae: Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn, 1782); Sparidae: Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Bleeker, 1854); Terapontidae: Terapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775). Host data from Ho & Lin (2003). Remarks: C. schelegeli is closely related to C. haemulonis but differs in having a genital complex plus abdomen that, combined, are about 1.6 times longer than the cephalothorax, rather than 1.3 times longer as in C. haemulonis.Published as part of Boxshall, Geoff A & El-Rashidy, Hoda H., 2009, A review of the Caligus productus species group, with the description of a new species, new synonymies and supplementary descriptions, pp. 1-26 in Zootaxa 2271 on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19095
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