2 research outputs found
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Samara’s Paradiplomacy on the Example of Partnership with Stuttgart
No full textThe article is devoted to the partnership between Samara and Stuttgart and its efficiency. The key spheres of cooperation are listed, the main events are described. Th eauth or argues that the interaction between two cities is fruitful in character, despite certain difficulties in German-Russian relations. The role of Samara’s and Stuttgart’s state and public institutions in the partnership is also evaluated. Education and healthcare are emphasized as the most fruitful and promising areas of cooperation. The author concludes that the cooperation with Stuttgart has brought tangible benefits to Samara and it is necessary to pursue contacts with the capital of Baden-Württemberg.Статья посвящена анализу эффективности внешних связей Самары со Штутгартом. В начале дана краткая оценка роли городов в современных международных отношениях и международной активности российских городов. Перечислены ключевые области двустороннего сотрудничества, рассказано про основные мероприятия, проведенные в их рамках. Сделан вывод о том, что взаимодействие между Самарой и Штутгартом имеет положительную динамику, несмотря на имеющиеся трудности в отношениях между Россией и Германией. Дана оценка роли государственных и общественных институтов обоих городов в данном партнерстве, выделены наиболее продуктивные и перспективные направления двустороннего сотрудничества, коими оказались образование и здравоохранение. В конце статьи сделан вывод о реальной пользе партнерства со Штутгартом для Самары и необходимости продолжать контакты со столицей Баден-Вюртемберга
Clinical grade purification and expansion of NK cell products for an optimized manufacturing protocol
No full textAllogeneic Natural Killer (NK) cells are used for adoptive immunotherapy after stem cell transplantation. In order to overcome technical limitations in NK cell purification and activation, the following study investigates the impact of different variables on NK cell recovery, cytotoxicity and T cell depletion during GMP-grade NK cell selection. 40 NK cell products were derived from 54 unstimulated donor leukaphereses using immunomagnetic CD3 T-cell depletion, followed by a CD56 cell enrichment step. For T cell depletion, either the depletion 2.1 program in single or double procedure (D2.1 1depl, n=18; D2.1 2depl, n=13) or the faster depletion 3.1 (D3.1, n=9) was used on the CliniMACS instrument. 17 purified NK cell products were activated in vitro by IL-2 for 12 days. The whole process resulted in a median number of 7.59x10e8 CD56+CD3- cells with both purity and viability of 94%, respectively. The T-cell depletion was significantly better using D2.1 1depl/2depl compared to D3.1 (log 4.6/log 4.9 vs. log 3.7; p<0.01) and double procedure in two stages led always to residual T cells below 0.1%. In contrast D3.1 was superior to D2.1 1depl/2depl with regard to recovery of CD56+CD3- NK cells (68% vs 41%/38%). Concomitant monocytes and especially IL-2 activation led to increased NK cell activity against malignant target cells compared to unstimulated NK cells, which correlated with both up-regulation of natural cytotoxicity receptors and intracellular signaling. Overall, wide variations in the NK cell expansion rate and the distribution of NK cell subpopulations were found. In conclusion, our results indicate that GMP-grade purification of NK cells might be improved by a sequential processing of T cell depletion program D2.1 and D3.1. In addition NK cell expansion protocols need to be further optimized
