24,714 research outputs found
Mechanisms of top-down facilitation in perception of visual objects studied by fMRI
No full textPrior knowledge regarding the possible identity of an object facilitates its recognition from a degraded visual input, though the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Previous work implicated ventral visual cortex but did not disambiguate whether activity-changes in these regions are causal to or merely reflect an effect of facilitated recognition. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study top-down influences on processing of gradually revealed objects, by preceding each object with a name that was congruent or incongruent with the object. Congruently primed objects were recognized earlier than incongruently primed, and this was paralleled by shifts in activation profiles for ventral visual, parietal, and prefrontal cortices. Prior to recognition, defined on a trial-by-trial basis, activity in ventral visual cortex rose gradually but equivalently for congruently and incongruently primed objects. In contrast, prerecognition activity was greater with congruent priming in lateral parietal, retrosplenial, and lateral prefrontal cortices, whereas functional coupling between parietal and ventral visual (and also left lateral prefrontal and parietal) cortices was enhanced in the same context. Thus, when controlling for recognition point and stimulus information, activity in ventral visual cortex mirrors recognition success, independent of condition. Facilitation by top-down cues involves lateral parietal cortex interacting with ventral visual areas, potentially explaining why parietal lesions can lead to deficits in recognizing degraded objects even in the context of top-down knowledge
LINGUAGEM NA HERMENÊUTICA DE MARTIN EGER PARA UMA EDUCAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS ONTOLÓGICA
No full textNeste trabalho, buscamos identificar aspectos da linguagem que se mostram nas produções de Martin Eger, responsável por articular a Hermenêutica Filosófica à Educação em Ciências. Em uma escrita ensaística, destacamos a partir do autor a interpretação como parte do processo de superar a distância que há entre o aluno e a ciência que estuda, considerando esta um elemento humano também presente nas Ciências Naturais. Iniciamos por apresentar como a tradição histórica da Hermenêutica se torna uma Hermenêutica Filosófica por intermédio de Hans-Georg Gadamer. Sob influência deste, Martin Eger foi um dos primeiros autores em língua inglesa a sugerir uma aproximação da Hermenêutica Filosófica à Educação em Ciências Naturais. Mostramos como a linguagem na Hermenêutica Filosófica influenciou as produções de Martin Eger, o que o levou a questionar a dupla hermenêutica apenas às Ciências Humanas e propor uma tripla hermenêutica nas Ciências Naturais. Desse movimento emergem analogias como a cascata de interpretações orientadas pelo diálogo hermenêutico nas Ciências Naturais e no educar sobre/a partir delas. O ensaio evidencia que a interpretação e a linguagem desempenham papéis cruciais na Educação em Ciências, promovendo um diálogo hermenêutico entre alunos e ciência
Does Evidence Matter? The Impact of Evidence Regarding Aid Effectiveness on Attitudes Towards Aid
No full textAbstract
Development aid is considered an important instrument in achieving a more sustainable global future. However, the general public perceives aid as rather ineffective. This may be because the public knows little about aid and its effects. Evidence for the effects of aid projects may therefore be of particular importance in shaping attitudes. In a survey experiment carried out among the German population (
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≈ 6000), we presented a claim on the effectiveness of an aid project or the same claim plus experimental evidence, qualitative evidence or anecdotal evidence and compared it to a no information control group. Results revealed that the claim increases both belief in the effectiveness of aid as well as support for aid. Among all forms of evidence tested, anecdotal evidence performs best, followed by experimental evidence. Pre-manipulation support for aid partly moderates the effect of the claim, but those who support aid do not react more strongly to the two forms of scientific evidence (experimental/qualitative).Résumé
L'aide au développement est considérée comme un instrument important pour parvenir à un avenir plus durable à l’échelle mondiale. Cependant, le grand public perçoit l'aide au développement comme plutôt inefficace. Cela vient peut-être du fait que le public en sait peu sur l'aide et ses effets. Les preuves des effets des projets d'aide au développement peuvent donc être particulièrement importantes pour façonner les attitudes. Dans une enquête expérimentale menée auprès de la population allemande (
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≈ 6 000), nous avons présenté d’un côté, une affirmation concernant l'efficacité d'un projet d'aide au développement et de l’autre côté, la même affirmation avec, en plus, des preuves expérimentales, des preuves qualitatives ou des preuves anecdotiques et nous avons comparé les réponses obtenues à celles du groupe de contrôle sans information. Les résultats ont révélé que l'affirmation augmente à la fois la croyance dans l'efficacité de l'aide et le soutien à l'aide. Parmi toutes les formes de preuves testées, les preuves anecdotiques ont les plus d’impact, suivies des preuves expérimentales. Le soutien à l'aide avant manipulation modère en partie l'effet de l'affirmation, mais ceux qui soutiennent l'aide au développement ne réagissent pas plus fortement aux deux formes de preuve scientifique (expérimentale/qualitative)
Comparison of the rapid pro-apoptotic effect of trans-beta-nitrostyrenes with delayed apoptosis induced by the standard agent 5-fluorouracil in colon cancer cells
No full textTrans-beta-nitrostyrene (TBNS) has been reported to be a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases PTB1 and PP2A and to display a pro-apoptotic effect even in multidrug resistant tumour cells. Here we compared the anti-tumour potential of TBNS with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as the standard chemotherapeutic agent for colorectal cancer in LoVo cells. Resistance to 5-FU based therapy might be a consequence of 5-FU's delayed effect requiring long-term effective concentrations in the tumour tissue. Thus, alternatives like platin containing drugs with a more rapid effect have been introduced recently. Compared to 5-FU TBNS displayed a faster cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effect. A 50% decrease in viability was observed already after 8 h with TBNS while 5-FU displayed no significant effect before 48 h. DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 assays confirmed the more rapid apoptotic effect of TBNS. Since apoptosis affects individual cells these results about a rapidly induced apoptosis were further studied on a single cell level in microscopic assays of caspase-3 and caspase-8 activation. Adducts of trans-beta-nitrostyrene displayed an anti-tumour effect comparable to TBNS which suggests the possibility of creating adducts with optimised tissue targeting. Finally, the calculation of a drug combination index displayed a synergistic effect for the combination of TBNS and 5-FU in Lovo as well as in HT-29 and HCT116 colon cancer cells
Jack Alive / Martin Dead : The Location of the "Author" in Jack London\u27s Martin Eden
No full textThis essay is an attempt to read Martin Eden, Jack Londonʼs autobiographical novel, in terms of the inextricable relationship between the author and the protagonist. Critics have often taken the unbalanced plot and the lack of ironic distance between narrator and character in Martin Eden as the technical weakness of London, but this paper argues that the achievement of this novel owes a great deal to the attachment of London to Martin. The unbalanced structure is a necessary product of the severe struggle of the author to kill his romantic alter ego. // Martin, who aspires to win Ruth Morse, tries to cross class boundaries by making a career of a writer. Even after realizing the emptiness of Ruth, who turns out to be nothing but a typical figure of the bourgeoisie, he somehow persists in loving her. The notion underlying here is that, for Martin, love, career and art are fundamentally inseparable. He objects to the aestheteʼs view of Brissenden on account of his separation of art from career. Martinʼs identity and life consist only in the triunity of love/career/art; the alternative is the repudiation of life. Thus, the unnatural delay of his disappointment in love can be regarded as Londonʼs strategy to set the suicide of Martin as the necessary consequence of the story. // By finishing the story and killing Martin, London finally detaches himself from Martin, reconstructs his self, and, unlike Martin, survives as a professional writer. In this sense, Martin Eden is a story about “writerʼs self-reconstruction.
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Letter from Martin Chizzick
No full textCongratulations to Duane Pearsall for receiving the Enterpreneur of the Year award; note on the letter was written by Pearsall and it mentions that Martin, the author of the letter, died in a airplane accident
Robert Martin Tiffin's Mystery Man Newspaper Articles
No full textAdvertiser-Tribune newspaper clippings featuring a story about Robert Martin (written by Nancy Kleinhenz), a local author from Tiffin (Ohio) who wrote under the pseudonym of Lee Roberts, and two of his short stories. Martin wrote mystery novels in his spare time, creating more than 22 mystery novels. For more information about Robert Martin and a list of books go to http://www.mysteryfile.com/RMartin/JBennett.html
Experiences Using Large Scale Video Walls for Distance Education
No full textWe describe our experiences building and using the Rutgers Videowall, a low-cost telepresence system that has been used teaching 15 courses and colloquia. By relaxing typical spatial telepresence features, such as background continuity, we greatly reduced costs and gained flexibility in the rooms it could be deployed in. The lower costs and room flexibility enabled academic departments to use the wall, in contrast to traditional telepresence systems which remained inaccessible. We found that the Videowall’s spatial distortions did not have a significant impact on useability, as our initial survey results show that students had an overall positive experience.Technical report DCS-tr-72
Hans Martin Schwarz Collection 1934 - 1938
No full textThis collection contains clippings of articles by Hans Martin Schwarz (1917, Hamburg – 2006, New York, better known as Martin Ebon), published between 1934 and 1938 in German-Jewish newspapers on a wide variety of subjects such as sports, emigration, the political situation in Germany, and religious attitudes of the young. It also contains reviews of his books "Einer wie Du und Ich" and "Heiteres, Besinnliches, Nachdenkliches."digitizedHans Martin Schwarz (1917, Hamburg – 2006, New York, better known as Martin Ebon), was a journalist and author. In Germany during the 1930s, he published in a variety of German-Jewish periodicals, primarily the Israelitisches Familienblatt. After immigrating to the United States in 1938, he changed his name to Martin Ebon, and published dozens of books in the areas of world affairs and parapsychology.Processe
Interview with Father James Martin
No full textIn May 2011, the Ignatian Faculty Scholars at Regis University conducted a Skype interview with Father James Martin, S. J., author of The Jesuit Guide to Almost Everything. The Scholars had used Father Martin’s book as a text for their year of study, which focused on Ignatian Spirituality, the Ignatian Pedagogical Paradigm, and teaching and learning at a Jesuit university. The interview was transcribed and is printed below. Father Martin reflects on the book, and responds to questions about the book itself, about finding God in all learners, and about the Church
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