123,275 research outputs found
YALTAi: Segmonto Manuscript and Early Printed Book Dataset
No full textThis dataset has been built to train a segmentation model. It contains ALTO and YOLOv5 formats
This dataset is derived from:
CREMMA Medieval ( Pinche, A. (2022). Cremma Medieval (Version Bicerin 1.1.0) [Data set]. https://github.com/HTR-United/cremma-medieval )
CREMMA Medieval Lat (Clérice, T. and Vlachou-Efstathiou, M. (2022). Cremma Medieval Latin [Data set]. https://github.com/HTR-United/cremma-medieval-lat )
Eutyches. (Vlachou-Efstathiou, M. Voss.Lat.O.41 - Eutyches "de uerbo" glossed [Data set]. https://github.com/malamatenia/Eutyches)
Gallicorpora HTR-Incunable-15e-Siecle ( Pinche, A., Gabay, S., Leroy, N., & Christensen, K. Données HTR incunable du 15e siècle [Computer software]. https://github.com/Gallicorpora/HTR-incunable-15e-siecle )
Gallicorpora HTR-MSS-15e-Siecle ( Pinche, A., Gabay, S., Leroy, N., & Christensen, K. Données HTR manuscrits du 15e siècle [Computer software]. https://github.com/Gallicorpora/HTR-MSS-15e-Siecle )
Gallicorpora HTR-imprime-gothique-16e-siecle ( Pinche, A., Gabay, S., Vlachou-Efstathiou, M., & Christensen, K. HTR-imprime-gothique-16e-siecle [Computer software]. https://github.com/Gallicorpora/HTR-imprime-gothique-16e-siecle )
+ a few hundred newly annotated data, specifically the test set which is completely novel and based on early prints and manuscripts.
Dataset
Number of images
Train
854
Dev
154
Test
13
Complex systems modeling for supply and demand in health and social care
Get PDFThis paper introduces a major new cross-disciplinary research project that looks at the UK health and social care system, as part of an ambitious, broader initiative to apply methods from complexity science to a range of key global challenges. This particular project aims to develop new, integrated models for the supply and demand of both health and social care, in the context of the societal change brought about by migration, mobility and the ageing population. We discuss the background to the work, and the broad way in which we intend to leverage complexity science. This is made more specific with a brief discussion on existing demographic models, and some examples of model-building in progress. We conclude with a glimpse into the subtly difficult problems of fostering such innovative interdisciplinarity
The one-point PDF of the initial conditions of our local Universe from the IRAS PSC redshift catalogue
Get PDFThe algorithm ZTRACE of Monaco & Efstathiou is applied to the IRAS PSCz catalogue to reconstruct the initial conditions of our local Universe with a resolution down to similar to5 h(-1) Mpc. The one-point probability distribution function (PDF) of the reconstructed initial conditions is consistent with the assumptions that: (i) IRAS galaxies trace mass on scales of similar to5 h(-1) Mpc and (ii) the statistics of the primordial density fluctuations are Gaussian. We use simulated PSCz catalogues, constructed from N-body simulations with Gaussian initial conditions, to show that local non-linear bias can cause the recovered initial PDF (assuming no bias) to be non-Gaussian. However, for plausible bias models, the distortions of the recovered PDF would be difficult to detect using the volume finely sampled by the PSCz catalogue. So, for Gaussian initial conditions, a range of bias models remain compatible with our PSCz reconstruction results
Potentiale Beteiligung von Jagged1, Integrin alpha5 beta1 und VCAM1 Proteinen bei der metastatischen Progression von menschlichen Brustkarzinomen
No full textBreast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, accounting for
23% of cancer-related diagnoses each year. Metastasis detected at the late stages of
disease remains the leading cause of death among BC patients, as limited treatment
options are available for these patients. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells that
have detached from primary tumor and are present in blood circulation. Numerous
studies have detected CTCs in breast malignancies and showed a close correlation
between the presence of CTCs and poor prognosis. Proteins such as Jagged1,
integrin alpha5beta1 (ITG α5β1) and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1)
have been associated with breast cancer formation and metastasis. Therefore, this
study aimed to investigate the expression of these proteins in CTCs, DTCs and/or
primary tumors and its clinical relevance in BC patients.
1. Notch pathway is activated in certain tumors, such as BC cells, and seems to be
involved in the formation of osteolytic bone metastases (BM) in animal models. Notch
ligand Jagged1 is a clinically and functionally important mediator of BM by activating
the Notch pathway in bone normal cells. It is reported to be involved in the formation
of BM and, therefore, associated with worse prognosis of breast tumor patients.
Therefore, in this study, Jagged1 expression was assessed in CTCs of BC patients
and compared to clinico-pathological parameters and patients’ outcome. CTCs were
enriched from peripheral blood of 100 metastatic patients with progressive disease
and detected by pan-keratin/Jagged1/CD45 immunofluorescent staining. 21
metastatic BC patients with progressive disease were positive for CTCs, and 85.7 %
of the CTCs also expressed Jagged1. Presence of Jagged1(+) CTCs was significantly
associated with shorter progression-free survival in patients treated with
bisphosphonates (P=0.013). To conclude, Jagged1 could become an interesting
target to monitor bisphosphonate- based therapy response particularly in metastatic
patients resistant to this kind of therapy.
2. ITG α5β1 is reported to be expressed in tumor cells and tumor neovessels,
facilitating tumor invasion and proliferation. Its overexpression has been associated
with worse prognosis and metastatic disease of cancer patients. In this study, ITG
α5β1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays
comprising tumor samples of 411 BC patients and compared to clinico-pathological
parameters and patients’ outcome. Additionally, CTCs isolated from peripheral blood
of 31 metastatic BC patients and DTCs from the bone marrow of 4 unmatched
metastatic BC patients were analysed for ITG α5β1 expression using
immunocytochemistry techniques. Not expressed, weak, moderate and strong ITG
α5β1 expression was detected in 85 (31.7%), 53 (19.8%), 53 (19.8%) and 50 (18.7%)
of 268 informative tumors, respectively. ITG α5β1 expression in primary tumors was
significantly associated with M status (p=0.046), micro- and macrometastasis
(p=0.007), ALDH1 expression (p=0.023), Jagged1 expression (p=0.025) and
presence of DTCs in bone marrow (p=0.035). The expression was neither correlated
to shorter disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the total patient cohort
(p=0.169 and p=0.921 respectively) nor in any other subset of patients. To sum up,
Antonia Efstathiou Abstract
4
ITG α5β1 expression characterizes more aggressive breast carcinoma and might be
involved in tumor cell dissemination and metastatic progression. However, none of the
patients with metastatic BC presented CTCs or DTCs positive for ITG α5β1.
3. VCAM-1 has been associated with early relapse and the activation from tumor cell
dormancy. Additionally, blocking of VCAM-1 effectively inhibits metastases formation
in the bone marrow or other organs. VCAM-1 expression was assessed in CTCs
found in peripheral blood of metastatic BC patients under therapy and correlated to
clinical parameters and patients’ outcome. Blood samples from 149 metastatic BC
patients were screened for CTCs and VCAM-1. Nineteen of 149 metastatic BC
patients were positive for CTCs. Within this group, 11 patients (58.0%) exclusively had
VCAM-1(+ )CTCs and 4 patients (21.0%) showed a heterogeneous expression of
VCAM-1 in CTCs, whereas 4 patients (21.0%) had only VCAM-1(-) CTCs. VCAM-1
expression in CTCs did not correlate to primary tumor’s characteristics and also did
not indicate any specific site of metastases.
In conclusion, these results imply that Jagged1, ITG α5β1 and VCAM-1 might play an
important role in monitoring breast cancer metastatic disease and have a potential to
serve as clinical biomarkers. However, further investigation has to be conducted with
respect to the mechanisms of action in tumor cells and cancer therapy.Brustkrebs gehört mit ~28 % zu der häufigsten Krebserkrankung der Frauen. Die
Todesursache bei Krebserkrankungen stellt in der Regel nicht der Primärtumor selbst
dar, sondern Metastasen, die sich in der Folge einer Erkrankung ausbilden können.
Zirkulierende Tumorzellen (CTCs) sind Krebszellen, die sich vom Primärtumor
abgelöst haben, in den Blutkreislauf gelangt sind und das Potential besitzen
Metastasen zu induzieren. Das Vorkommen von CTCs wurde bei
Brustkrebspatientinnen bereits mehrfach mit einer schlechten Prognose assoziiert.
Proteine wie Jagged1, Integrin alpha5beta1 (ITG α5β1) und das Vascular Cell
Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) scheinen zusätzlich prognostische und therapeutisch
relevante Informationen für den Verlauf einer Erkrankung aufzeigen zu können. Das
Ziel dieser Studie war es die Expression dieser Proteine auf CTCs, DTDs und / oder
dem Primärtumorgewebe zu bestimmen, um ihre klinische Relevanz weiter
aufzuschlüsseln.
1. Der Notch-Signalweg ist vielfach in Tumoren, wie Brustkrebs aktiviert und wurde
bereits im Mausmodell mit osteolytischen Knochenmetastasen in Verbindung
gebebracht. Jagged1 fungiert als Ligand für den Notch-Rezeptor und scheint ein
funktionell relevanter Mediator für die Knochenmetastasierung zu sein. Dieser Marker
wurde zusätzlich bereits mit einer schlechten Prognose assoziiert. Ziel dieser Studie
war es die Expression von Jagged1 auf CTCs von Brustkrebspatientinnen zu
untersuchen und mit klinisch-pathologischen Parametern zu korrelieren. CTCs wurden
aus dem peripheren Blut von 100 Patientinnen mit progressiver, metastastasierter
Tumorerkrankung angereichert und über pan-Keratin / Jagged1 / CD45
Immunfluoreszenzfärbung nachgewiesen. 21 der untersuchten Blutproben waren
positiv für CTCs (21 %), wobei 85,7% der CTCs Signale für die Expression von
Jagged1 aufzeigten. Hierbei war die Expression von Jagged1 auf CTCs lediglich bei
Patientinnen mit Bisphosphonat-Behandlung zu finden, wobei dieser Marker
zusätzlich auch mit einem kürzeren progressionsfreien Überleben in Verbindung
gebracht werden konnte (P = 0,013). Jagged1 könnte daher ein interessantes
Zielprotein darstellen, um Therapieantworten von Bisphosphonat-behandelten
Patientinnen zu verfolgen und insbesondere Resistenzen gegen diese Art von
Therapie festzustellen.
2. ITG α5β1 wird in Tumorzellen und Tumor-Neogefäßen exprimiert und scheint für
die Tumorinvasion und -proliferation von Bedeutung zu sein. Die Überexpression von
diesem Marker konnte bereits mit einer schlechten Prognose und der Metastasierung
in Verbindung gebracht werden. Insgesamt wurden im Rahmen dieser Studie
Gewebsproben von 411 Brustkrebspatientinnen untersucht. Des Weiteren konnten
CTCs aus peripheren Blutproben von 31 metastasierten Brustkrebspatientinnen
isoliert und auf die Expression von ITG α5β1 analysiert werden. In 268 auswertbaren
Tumorgewebsproben konnten in 85 Fällen (31,7%) keine ITG α5β1-Signale
nachgewiesen werden. 53 (19,8%), 53 (19,8%), und 50 (18,7%) Tumorproben zeigten
hingegen eine schwache, mittelstarke und starke Expression dieses Markers. Die ITG
α5β1-Expression korrelierte signifikant zu dem M-Status (p = 0,046), dem Mikro- und
Makrometastase-Status (p = 0,007), der ALDH1-Positivität (p = 0,023), der Jagged1-
Antonia Efstathiou Abstract
2
Positivität (p = 0,025) und dem Auftreten von DTCs im Knochen (p = 0,035). Keine
Korrelation konnte hinsichtlich des verkürzten krankheitsfreien Überlebens (DFS) oder
des Gesamtüberleben (OS) in der Gesamtkohorte beobachtet werden (p = 0,169 und
p = 0,921). Zusammenzufassend lässt sich sagen, dass die ITG α5β1-Expression mit
einem aggressiveren Mammakarzinom assoziiert ist und an metastatischen
Prozessen beteiligt sein könnte. Jedoch konnte in keiner der Patientinen mit
metastasiertem Brustkrebs eine ITG α5β1-Expression auf CTCs nachgewiesen
werden.
3. Die Expression von VCAM-1 wurde bereits mit dem Rückfall einer
Tumorerkrankung sowie der Tumorzellendormanz in Verbindung gebracht.
Zusätzliche Studien haben gezeigt, dass die Hemmung von VCAM-1 die Bildung von
Metastasen im Knochenmark und anderen Organen unterdrücken kann. In dieser
Studie wurde die VCAM-1-Expression auf CTCs von 149 metastatischen
Bruskrebspatientinnen untersucht. Die erzielten Ergebnisse wurden anschließend mit
klinischen Parametern verglichen. In 19 von 149 Proben konnten pan-Keratin-postive
CTCs nachgewiesen werden. Innerhalb dieser Gruppe zeigten 11 Patientinnen
(58,0%) ausschließlich VCAM-1-postive CTCs während 4 Patientinnen (21,0%) eine
heterogene Expression aufwiesen. CTCs von 4 weiteren Patientinnen (21,0%) zeigten
hingegen keine Signale für die Expression von VCAM-1. Bei der Auswertung der
klinischen Daten konnten keine Korrelation zu klinisch-pathologischen Parametern
ausfindig gemacht werden.
Zusammenfassend zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser Studie, dass Jagged1, ITG α5β1
und VCAM-1 möglicherweise bei der Bildung von Metastasen eine wichtige Rolle
spielen und dadurch ein Potential als klinische Biomarker haben könnten. Jedoch
müssten weitere Untersuchungen im Hinblick auf die Wirkungsmechanismen in
Tumorzellen und in der Krebstherapie durchgeführt werden
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Models of hierarchical: galaxy formation
Get PDFA semi-analytic galaxy formation model, N-body GALFORM, is developed which uses outputs from an N-body simulation to follow the merger histories of dark matter halos and treats baryonic processes using the semi-analytic model of Cole et al. We find that, apart from limited mass resolution, the only significant differences between this model and the Monte-Carlo based model of Cole et al. are due to known inaccuracies in the distribution of halo progenitor masses in the Monte-Carlo method. N-body GALFORM is used to compare Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and semi-analytic calculations of radiative cooling in the absence of star formation. We consider two cases: firstly, a simulation of a representative volume of the Universe with relatively poor mass resolution, and, secondly, a high resolution simulation of the formation of a single galaxy. We find good agreement between the models in terms of the mass of gas which cools in each halo, the masses of individual galaxies, and the spatial distribution of the galaxies. The semi-analytic model is then compared with a realistic, high-resolution galaxy simulation which includes prescriptions for star formation and feedback. A semi-analytic model without feedback is found to best reproduce the masses of the simulated galaxy and its progenitors. This model is used to populate a large volume with semi-analytic galaxies. The resulting luminosity function has an order of magnitude too many galaxies at high and low luminosities. We conclude that, while SPH and semi-analytic cooling calculations are largely consistent and therefore likely to be reasonably reliable, current numerical models of galaxy formation still contain major uncertainties due to the treatment of feedback, which will lead them to predict very different galaxy populations. Further work is required to find simulation algorithms which can simultaneously produce realistic individual galaxies and a population with reasonable statistical properties
Active galactic nucleus torus models and the puzzling infrared spectrum of IRAS F10214+4724
No full textWe present a revised model for the infrared emission of the hyperluminous infrared galaxy IRAS F10214+4724 which takes into account recent photometric data from Spitzer and Herschel that sample the peak of its spectral energy distribution. We first present and discuss a grid of smooth active galactic nucleus (AGN) torus models computed with the method of Efstathiou and Rowan-Robinson and demonstrate that the combination of these models and the starburst models of Efstathiou and coworkers, while able to give an excellent fit to the average spectrum of Seyfert 2s and spectra of individual type 2 quasars measured by Spitzer, fails to match the spectral energy distribution of IRAS F10214+4724. This is mainly due to the fact that the νSν distribution of the galaxy falls very steeply with increasing frequency (a characteristic that is usually indicative of heavy absorption by dust) but shows a silicate feature in emission. Such emission features are not expected in sources with optical/near-infrared type 2 AGN spectral signatures. The Herschel data show that there is more power emitted in the rest-frame 20-50 μm wavelength range compared with the model presented by Efstathiou which assumes three components of emission: an edge-on torus, clouds (at a temperature of 610 and 200 K) that are associated with the narrow-line region (NLR) and a highly obscured starburst that dominates in the submillimetre. We present a revised version of that model that assumes an additional component of emission which we associate with NLR clouds at a temperature of 100 K. The 100 K dust component could also be explained by a highly obscured hot starburst. The model suggests that the NLR of IRAS F10214+4724 has an unusually high covering factor (≥17 per cent) or more likely the magnification of the emission from the NLR clouds is significantly higher than that of the emission from the torus. © 2013 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
Get PDFAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
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