166 research outputs found
Posición filogenética de nuevas poblaciones de alsodes (anura, alsodidae) procedentes de la Araucanía Andina, Sur de Chile
No full textEl conocimiento taxonómico y biogeográfico de los anfibios del género Alsodes, particularmente en los Andes, es precario e incompleto. En este estudio se determinó la posición filogenética de seis nuevas poblaciones del género, descubiertas en las estribaciones andinas de la Región de La Araucanía, mediante el análisis molecular más completo y actualizado realizado hasta la fecha para este grupo. La reconstrucción filogenética reveló que estas nuevas poblaciones representan dos linajes mitocondriales: uno completamente nuevo (Alsodes sp.) y otro estrechamente relacionado con A. vittatus. Ambos linajes tienen distribuciones principalmente alopátricas, pero coexisten en el estero Icalma y su afluente principal. No obstante, los individuos asociados a estos linajes no presentaron correspondencia morfológica con ninguna de las especies nominales cercanas, tanto de la vertiente oriental como occidental de los Andes, indicando un estatus taxonómico incierto. En las localidades australes de Quililche, Resbaloso y Pucón se detectó exclusivamente el linaje mitocondrial de Alsodes sp., mientras que, en la localidad más septentrional, río Pino Hachado, solo se identificó el linaje mitocondrial de A. vittatus. Este último resultó parafilético respecto al único ejemplar de A. neuquensis incluido en el análisis, lo que apoya la hipótesis de conespecificidad propuesta previamente para estas especies. Los resultados también plantean interrogantes sobre posibles eventos históricos de hibridación o introgresión mitocondrial, aspecto que requiere estudios adicionales. Estos hallazgos, resultado del esfuerzo de muestreo más exhaustivo realizado hasta ahora en la región, cubren un segmento de aproximadamente 120 km donde no se habían documentado formalmente poblaciones del género, lo que representa un avance significativo en el conocimiento biogeográfico y filogenético de Alsodes en la Araucanía andina
Replicar los datos para: Supplementary material 1 from: Troncoso-Palacios J, Diaz HA, Puas GI, Riveros-Riffo E, Elorza AA (2016) Two new Liolaemus lizards from the Andean highlands of Southern Chile (Squamata, Iguania, Liolaemidae). ZooKeys 632: 121-146
No full textAppendices : Explanation not
Distribuci\uf3n de Liolaemus torresi (Squamata: Liolaemidae), lagarto end\ue9mico del desierto de Chile
No full textDistribución de Liolaemus torresi (Squamata: Liolaemidae), lagarto endémico del desierto de Chile
No full textNo summarySin resume
Juan Pablo Riveros: coherencia de un proyecto poético.
No full textWithin the framework of the development of Chilean literary activity, mainly in the area of the southern city of Concepción, the paper offers a view of the poetic works of Juan Pablo Riveros: De la tierra sin fuegos, Libro del frío, and Poema del cosmos. These works are characterized by a deep internal cultural coherence, because the author has elaborated them through a process of extended study, where elements of scientific development interact with a lucid understanding of the poetic fact.En el marco del desarrollo de la actividad literaria chilena, y específicamente de Concepción, se ofrece un panorama de la obra poética de Juan Pablo Riveros. Se examinan sus tres libros mayores: De la tierra sin fuegos, Libro del frío y Poema del cosmos. Estas obras muestran una gran coherencia entre sí, porque el autor las elabora en un proceso de largo estudio, donde nociones provenientes del desarrollo científico se aúnan a una lúcida comprensión del hecho poético
The impact of labor costs on manufactured exports in developing countries : an econometric analysis
No full textThis paper estimates export supply elasticities in 20 countries using an empirical model in which manufactured exports are a function of the price of exports, the price of imported inputs, and labor costs relative to the price of home goods. The export supply equation is completed with a variable identifying manufacturing capacity and a variable associated with the role of internal absorption. After testing for simultaneity, the paper concludes that half of the countries must be treated as large countries - thus estimating the export supply function through two-stage least squares. Also explored are other sources of endogeneity of right-hand side variables - the price of imported inputs, labor costs, and manufacturing capacity. It is found that in many cases the estimates change significantly as a result of this procedure. In general, the conclusions underscore the impact on exports of domestic economic policies - for example, promoting investment and productive capacity and keeping factor markets free of significant distortions.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Access to Markets,Markets and Market Access,Banks&Banking Reform
Lost for more than a century: the rediscovery of Alsodes vittatus (Philippi, 1902) (Anura, Alsodidae), one of the rarest and most elusive amphibians from Chile
No full textThe legacy of the 19th-century naturalist Rudolph Philippi to the taxonomy of Chilean amphibians has been controversial since most of the species he described in 1902 have been questioned or invalidated. Here, we describe the rediscovery of Alsodes vittatus, a species that was not observed for 130 years after being collected, in three places very close to the type locality in the Andean foothills of the La Araucanía Region, Chile. The species was identified phenotypically by the vertebral line of some individuals, which turned out to be an intrapopulationally polymorphic trait. A phylogenetic analysis with mitochondrial genes, including most of the species of the genus, showed that the discovered populations of A. vittatus are paraphyletic with respect to the only individual of A. neuquensis included. We also describe populations from another area where A. vittatus was searched in the past, which we assigned here to A. igneus due to its geographic location and phylogenetic and phenotypic affinity. All these populations are part of two well-supported clades, but their relationships with nearby species (e.g., A. norae and A. barrioi) remain uncertain. These results ratify that the diversity and phylogenetic relationships of the genus in the Chilean Andes, particularly in the La Araucanía Region, are not yet well established. We discuss the possibility that A. vittatus and A. neuquensis, known until now only in Argentina, are the same species, and suggest downgrading the conservation status of A. vittatus from Critically Endangered to Endangered, considering the information from the new localities discovered
Lost for more than a century: the rediscovery of Alsodes vittatus (Philippi, 1902) (Anura, Alsodidae), one of the rarest and most elusive amphibians from Chile
No full textVolume: 1230Start Page: 195End Page: 21
International differences in wage and nonwage labor costs
No full textThe ratio of nonwage labor costs (for social security, pensions, vacation days, severence compensation, and the like) to direct wage costs is proportionately higher in Europe and Latin America than in Asia and Africa - largely because workers there are protected more by regulations. The distortionary growth of labor costs because of increasing nonwage costs is not common in the LDCs however. The author of this paper found that international differences in labor costs are attributable largely to differences in labor productivity and capital-labor ratios. The author also found that labor costs declined significantly in almost all LDCs in the 1980s, and that the impact of declining labor costs on manufacturing employment was statistically significant - and bodes well for the growth of nontraditional exports. International differences in labor cost levels are important, especially when one compares LDC and industrial economies. But differences between labor cost levels in terms of per capita output are not so large. This suggests the importance of different capital-labor ratios.Labor Markets,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Financial Management
Two new Liolaemus lizards from the Andean highlands of Southern Chile (Squamata, Iguania, Liolaemidae)
No full textVolume: 632Start Page: 121End Page: 14
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