55 research outputs found
SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AMONG SCHOOL STUDENTS IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN
No full textBackground and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori is the most common bacterial infection affecting more than 50% of the population globally, especially in developing countries, while data on its prevalence in Yemen is still limited. Therefore, the current study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and risk factors of H. pylori among school students in Sana'a city, Yemen.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in primary and secondary schools in Sana'a during the period from October to December 2021 in which two hundred and ninety-three (293) school students aged 11-21 years were enrolled in this study and tested for H. pylori in blood specimens by using a cassette Rapid antibody test. Associated risk factors were collected through a designed questionnaire.
Result: Overall, H. pylori antibody was positive in 82/293(27.99%) students. The higher rate of seroprevalence of H. pylori antibodies was reported among male students (29.25%; P˃0.05), age group of 16-21 years (33.69%; P ˂0.05), and secondary students in schools (31.66%; P ˂0.05). Also, the highest rate of H. pylori infection was positive among students who drank untreated water (32.61%), consuming of unwashed vegetables (28.71%) and fruits (30.51%), not been infected previously (28.45%), one of their family infected (28.98%), sometimes eating out of home (32.47%), and non-use antibiotics (29.12%) and there was non-statistical significant difference (P ˃0.05). In addition, there were no significant relationships between seropositivity of H. pylori and clinical signs and symptoms as well as antibiotic use. Finally, most of the students with blood group (O) had H. pylori antibodies (P ˃0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the increasing rate of H. pylori among school students will become a real serious health problem if it is not monitored. Therefore, an effective educational health program is important for the prevention and control of H. pylori infection among school students.
Peer Review History:
Received: 4 February 2022; Revised: 7 March; Accepted: 13 April; Available online: 15 May 2022
Academic Editor: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Nkechi Obiofu Ezenobi, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
Trend of Measles Outbreak in Yemen From January 2020 to August 2024
No full textWadhah Hassan Edrees,1,2 Wadee Abdullah Al-Shehari,3,4 Osama Saleh Al-Haddad,5,6 Ali Ahmed Al-Halani,1,6 Lutf Mohammed Alrahabi7,8 1Medical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Hajjah University, Hajjah, Yemen; 2Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Al-Razi University, Sana’a, Yemen; 3Medical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen; 4Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences International Malaysia University, Ibb, Yemen; 5Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen; 6Department of Health Administration, Al-Manar College for Science and Technology, Hajjah, Yemen; 7Medical Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen; 8Dental Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Queen Arwa University, Sana’a, YemenCorrespondence: Wadhah Hassan Edrees, Medical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Hajjah University, Hajjah, Yemen; Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Al-Razi University, Sana’a, Yemen, Tel +967 778555695, Email [email protected]: The measles outbreak has recently recurred across the world despite the actions taken, and Yemen is among the worst-hit nations. There has been a lack of information regarding the status of the measles outbreak in Yemen. Therefore, this retrospective analysis aimed to determine the trend of the measles outbreak in Yemen from January 2020 to August 2024.Methods: This retrospective analysis relied on the secondary data recorded between January 2020 and August 2024. The Ministry of Health and Population provided the necessary data in a soft copy format (Excel file), which was statistically analyzed.Results: A total of 41135 suspected measles cases were reported between January 2020 and August 2024. A higher proportion was observed among males (54.72%), age groups of 0– 4 years (69.34%), in 2023 (50.5%), Aden governorate (20.54%), and in the spring (32.25%). The overall incidence rate was 18.82 per 10,000 population, with a higher rate among males (19.8 cases), age groups of 0– 4 years (93.87 cases), in 2023 (9.5 cases), and Abyan governorate (89.06 cases). The overall fatality rate cases were 424 (4.92%), with the highest rate among females (1.06%), aged 0– 4 years (1.26%), in 2023 (1.32%), and the Al Hudaydah governorate (2.97%). Furthermore, 82.4% of suspected cases were among unvaccinated individuals and 10.2% among individuals vaccinated with one dose.Conclusion: According to current findings, the alarming rise in measles cases in recent years poses a serious threat to Yemenis’ lives if not addressed. Therefore, vaccination efforts should be strengthened, healthcare infrastructure needs to be improved, vaccine hesitancy must be addressed, and international collaboration must be cultivated to control and eliminate measles.Keywords: Case Fatality Rate (CFR), incidence rate, measles, Yeme
A REVIEW ON COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR PARACETAMOL DEGRADATION
No full textASSESSMENT OF SOME CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PROFILES AMONG DENGUE FEVER PATIENTS AT HAJJAH GOVERNMENT, YEMEN
No full textBackground and objective: Classical dengue (DF) is a viral disease transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito, usually Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus. Residents without access to sophisticated laboratory tools need simple clinical and/or laboratory indicators that can provide a reliable diagnosis of dengue fever before admission to the hospital. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate some clinical and laboratory features among confirmed cases with dengue fever in the government of Hajjah, Yemen to differentiate between dengue (DF) and other febrile diseases in the dengue affected population.
Methods: Clinical data and blood samples were collected from 46 confirmed cases of dengue fever, which were hospitalizedat the Yasser and Thabit Hospital from September to December 2019. The collected samples were examined for some hematological tests, including: hemoglobin (Hb), white blood cells counts (WBCs), and hematocrit (HCT), and a platelet count (PLT). Confirmation of dengue was performed with a non-structural protein tape (NS1).
Results: The results obtained showed that males have a higher infection rate (73.91%) of DF compared to females (26.09%). The recurrence rate was also highest (69.56%) among the 16-30 year-olds. Regarding clinical symptoms, fever and headache occurred in 100%, nausea in 95.65%, and vomiting in 78.26% of the patients, while rashes were less frequent (19.56%). Hematological abnormalities frequently occurred with WBC (89.1%), PLT (84.78%), and Hb (63.04%), while HCT was only abnormal in 23.91% of cases.
Conclusion: A high frequency of clinical and laboratory variants can distinguish dengue fever from other causes of infection; Dengue fever is most common in males between the ages of 16 and 30. This is the first report documenting the occurrence of dengue fever in Hajjah governorate, which requires more attention to prevent and control it. Further prospective studies are needed to build a valid and generalizable algorithm to guide the differential diagnosis of dengue fever in endemic countries such as Yemen.
Peer Review History:
Received 3 February 2021; Revised 5 March; Accepted 9 April; Available online 15 May 2021
Academic Editor: Prof. Kumud Upadhyaya, Kumaon University, Nainital, UK, India, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
Evaluation of microbial and physico-chemical qualities of some cough syrups marketed in Sana’a city, Yemen.
No full textContext: Microbial contamination of cough syrups can bring clinical hazards to the users or patients as well as physical and chemical changes in the product.
Aims: To evaluate the microbial and physicochemical characteristics of two hundred samples of four different types of cough syrups marketed in Sana’a city, Yemen.
Methods: All collected samples were subjected to the following examinations: the total microbial count, type of isolated microorganisms, physical parameters, and concentration of active ingredients were identified and assessed by standard techniques described in US Pharmacopeia.
Results: All the cough syrup samples used contained viable microbial load within acceptable limit according Pharmacopeia specifications. Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus fulvum, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most commonly recovered bacteria. However, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium notatum, Mucor sp., and Aspergillus flavus were the most fungi isolated. The physical properties represented in the appearance, density, and pH of the analyzed samples complied with Pharmacopoeia standards. The concentrations of diphenhydramine HCl (92,51 – 108,78%), pseudoephedrine HCl (94,55 – 109,07%), and triprolidine HCl (98,20 – 104,19%) were recorded.
Conclusions: All cough syrups marketed in Sana’a City had good microbiological and physico-chemical qualities
TRANSFORMING PHARMACY EDUCATION IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF ANCIENT, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
No full textThis review article illuminates; a brief historical outline of the origin, evolution and current scenario of the Unani system of Medicine (USM) and Ilmul Saidla (Pharmacy), major issues in Pharmacy (Unani) education, training, practice, including lacunas in; course, curriculum, research, and innovation. The promising and constructive revolutionary idea of the educational system that should be implemented by the establishment of the Bachelor, Master, Doctor of Pharmacy, and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in Pharmacy (Unani) is also given. The objective of this futuristic vision is to produce skilled pharmaceutical professionals in USM to meet the requirements of Unani pharmaceutical industries, supervision of dispensaries of hospitals, public healthcare services and to upgrade the text and knowledge of Pharmacy (Unani). This paper offers a unique opportunity to spark meaningful discussions, encourage critical reflection, and guide strategic planning, making it an essential resource for the ongoing enhancement of the new Pharmacy education system in USM, to achieve impactful and positive outcomes.
Peer Review History:
Received 10 October 2024; Reviewed 11 November; Accepted 20 December; Available online 15 January 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Wilman Ismael Carrillo Terán, Technical University of Ambato Avda, Ecuador, [email protected]
Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, [email protected]
Microbial and physicochemical assays of paracetamol in different brands of analgesic syrups sold in Sana’a City-Yemen
No full textContext: Contamination of pharmaceuticals with microorganisms irrespective whether they are harmful or nonpathogenic can bring about changes in physicochemical characteristics of the drugs.
Aims: To assay the microbial and physicochemical characteristics of paracetamol of two hundreds samples of different brands of analgesic syrups sold in Sana’a City, Yemen.
Methods: Total viable aerobic count, type of isolated microorganisms, physical properties, and content of active ingredients were identified and evaluated by standard methods and techniques. The SPSS program was used to statistical analysis of variance for results obtained.
Results: The total bacterial count of <10 CFU/mL and <100 CFU/mL in 179 (89.5%) and 21 (10.5%) samples, respectively was recorded, while the total fungal count was ≤10 CFU/mL in all analyzed syrup samples. The isolated bacteria were Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus fulvum, and Staphylococcus epidermidis while isolated fungi were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium notatum. Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger were the predominant bacteria and fungi isolated. The color results had a light red liquid with a sweet taste in the analyzed analgesic syrups. The pH values were ranged from 4.44–5.88. However, the density fluctuated from 1.149–1.184 g/mL. The paracetamol concentration as an active ingredient in the analgesic syrup was recorded from 98.19% – 106.53%.
Conclusions: This finding showed that all analgesic syrups sold in Sana’a City followed Pharmacopeia specifications on microbial and physicochemical qualities
SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN JIBLAH TOWN, YEMEN
No full textAims and objective: Viral Hepatitis is a major global health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. The endemicity of hepatitis B virus infection believed high in Yemen. Data for prevalence of hepatitis B virus in Jiblah town in Yemen are rare and inadequate. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus and associated risk factors aming the general population of Jiblah town, Yemen.
Methods: A total of 100 participated included in this study. Serum samples were collected and assayed for HBsAg using the ELISA quantitative technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect behavioral and sociodemographic data.
Results: the results revealed that, the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus was 3.33%. There was statistically significant differences between hepatitis B virus infection and monthly income.
Conclusion: The finding of this study indicated that the magnitude of hepatitis B virus infection among the general population was intermediate level. Modifiable risk factor, monthly income was identified.
Peer Review History:
Received: 8 February 2023; Revised: 13 March; Accepted: 27 April 2023, Available online: 15 May 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, [email protected]
REVIEW ON CELLULAR SIGNALING, GROWTH FACTORS, AND MECHANICAL STIMULUS IN NERVE REGENERATION
No full textThe autonomous and peripheral constitute the entire nervous system. Peripheral nerve injury caused by trauma, accident and other associated factors always results in a huge loss of both the sensory and motor functions. The injured nerves can be successfully restored through the rebuilding of the functional axons. The complete recovery of PNI has not been optimized. Exogenous growth factor (GF) is a new therapeutic strategy that can be used in nerve regeneration. Growth factors mechanism of action is based on the ability to activate the signaling cascades via binding to the individual receptors in order to exert the multiple effects and restore the neuron and tissue regeneration. Although the GFs are limited by their short half-life and rapid deactivation. The use of nerve conduits has been able to reduce these limitations. The nerve conduits have been good biocompatibility and biofunctionality properties.
Peer Review History:
Received 14 September 2024; Reviewed 18 November 2024; Accepted 23 December; Available online 15 January 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Vanina Doris Edo’o, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun, [email protected]
Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, [email protected]
EFFECT OF MOST COMMON ANTIBIOTICS AGAINST BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SURGICAL WOUNDS IN ADEN GOVERNORATE HOSPITALS, YEMEN
No full textObjective: The increased antibiotics resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from surgical wound is the major health threats challenge the patients especially in developing countries like Yemen. This work was aimed to determine and identify the bacteria associated with surgical wound infections and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Methods: One hundred and twenty swabs were sampled from surgical wound patients at Aden City, Yemen. The pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified according to standard microbiological methods. Also, antibiotic susceptibility tests were determining by using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Results: The results showed that out of 120 samples, 68 (56.67%) showed bacterial growth. It was found that the most isolated bacteria was Sylococcus aureus 27 (39.70%) followed by Escherichia coli 19(27.94%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 13 (19.12%), and Proteus mirabilis 9 (13.24%). All isolated bacteria were recorded to be extremely resistant to the most tested antibiotics. S. aureus was reported to be susceptible to cefotaxime, vancomycin, and ciprofloxacin and highly resistant to ceftazidime, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, and tetracycline. The E. coli isolates showed resistance (100%) to vancomycin and tetracycline and moderately sensitive to ceftazidime and gentamycin. P. aeruginosa showed from high to moderate resistance to most tested antibiotics except gentamycin and cefotaxime. Most of P. mirabilis isolates were sensitive to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin and highly resistant to amoxicillin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. Conclusion: The current study findings that the reduced sensitivity of isolated bacteria to commonly used antibiotics is an alarming and threat upsurge of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Peer Review History:
Received 6 December 2019; Revised 17 January 2020; Accepted 25 February; Available online 15 March 2020
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh, [email protected]
Reviewer(s) detail:
Dr. Mujde Eryilmaz, Ankara University,Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
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