1,094 research outputs found
Long-Term Perseveration in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Report
No full textThe most common clinical sign of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive memory loss. Presented here is a case of AD who, despite ultimate profound dementia with severe amnesia, showed retention of a perseverative response she developed during 26 encounters, over 4.5 years, with the Brown–Peterson distractor test. From Test 9 onwards, she responded from the first distractor-filled trial with one consonant trigram, appearing in none of the seven test forms given her. At Test 26, she could not repeat heard trigrams yet faithfully responded with her perseverative trigram. The trigram, ostensibly declarative information, apparently became part and parcel of the task's procedure. Although perseveration is a form of impairment probably resulting from Alzheimer pathology involving frontal and parietal cortex, it may also reflect a form of preserved memory, albeit distorted, supported by posterior cortical regions spared in AD.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant RR 00088)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant MH 32724)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant MH 2433)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant P50-AG 05134)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant MH 40041)United States. Dept. of Veterans Affairs. Medical Research Servic
Autobiographical Memory in Normal Ageing and Dementia
No full textAutobiographical memories in young and elderly normal subjects are drawn mostly from the recent past but elderly subjects relate a second peak of memories from early adulthood. Memory for remote past public events is relatively preserved in dementia, possibly reflecting integrity of semantic relative to episodic memory. We examined recall of specific, consistent autobiographical episodes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in response to cue words. Patients and control subjects drew most memories from the recent 20 years: episode age related to anterograde memory function but not subject age or dementia. Subjects also related a secondary peak of memories from early adulthood; episode age related to subject age and severity of dementia. The results suggest that preferential recall of memories from early adulthood is based on the salience of retrieval cues, altered by age and dementia, superimposed on a temporal gradient of semantic memory. Further, AD shows behavioural similarity to normal ageing.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant RR 00088)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant MH 32724)Oxford Regional Health Authorit
Conservation is sexy! What makes this so, and what does this make? An engagement with celebrity and the environment
No full textThis essay offers an engagement with Daniel Brockington’s (2009) recent book Celebrity and the environment. I highlight the book’s contribution to debate regarding processes of human displacement arising through biodiversity
conservation under conditions of neoliberal capitalism. I fi rst situate the book in relation to contemporary
perspectives on displacement, justice, and human rights, using examples to illustrate complex and dynamic patterns
of conservation inclusions and exclusions globally. This is followed by a summary of Brockington’s typology of
conservation celebrities, and of the ways in which celebrities assist with the amassing of conservation finance. I proceed to consider the roles of a celebrity-saturated mass media (and mediated) ‘spectacle of conservation’ in structuring social and consumptive engagements with the ‘non-human’ world globally. I draw attention to how diverse peoples in conservation landscapes might become part of the spectacle of conservation by reconfiguring themselves as cultural objects of touristic consumerism in a script not necessarily of their choosing. By way of acknowledging the significance of social networks and alliances in infl uencing conservation perspectives and
practice, I close with a disclaimer regarding my own long-term collaborations with the author of Celebrity and
the environment
Alcohol use effects on adolescent brain development revealed by simultaneously removing confounding factors, identifying morphometric patterns, and classifying individuals
No full textAbstractGroup analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics frequently employs generalized additive models (GAM) to remove contributions of confounding factors before identifying cohort specific characteristics. For example, the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) used such an approach to identify effects of alcohol misuse on the developing brain. Here, we hypothesized that considering confounding factors before group analysis removes information relevant for distinguishing adolescents with drinking history from those without. To test this hypothesis, we introduce a machine-learning model that identifies cohort-specific, neuromorphometric patterns by simultaneously training a GAM and generic classifier on macrostructural MRI and microstructural diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics and compare it to more traditional group analysis and machine-learning approaches. Using a baseline NCANDA MR dataset (N = 705), the proposed machine learning approach identified a pattern of eight brain regions unique to adolescents who misuse alcohol. Classifying high-drinking adolescents was more accurate with that pattern than using regions identified with alternative approaches. The findings of the joint model approach thus were (1) impartial to confounding factors; (2) relevant to drinking behaviors; and (3) in concurrence with the alcohol literature.</jats:p
Organization Development Experiences . A Case for Enriching HRD through OD
No full textThis article reviews a few definitions of OD and identifies eight characters that are necessary to call an activity or experience as an OD activity or experience. The article then goes on to examine ten case studies (of research, consulting and OD) of what appears like an OD activity in which the author was involved as one of the facilitators for whole system or subsystem and examines each on of them for their appropriateness to be called as OD interventions. The author then goes on to derive some lessons from these experiences. The article outlines also some advantages of using traditional OD approach in various HRD interventions and offers some suggestions for making specific HRD interventions like competency mapping, 360Degree Feedback based leadership Development and Assessment and Development Centers as OD activities. The paper concludes that using an OD approach enriches HRD and yields a good ROI on HRD interventions.
Zahr cytokines in pg-per-ml
No full textThese are the raw, pg/mL data from the shortly to be published PlosOne paper: Peripheral TNFα elevations in Alcohol Use Disorders are associated with Hepatitis C Infection, Natalie M. Zahr, Priya Asok, Edith V. Sullivan, & Adolf Pfefferbaum. Based on the recommendations of the Human Immune Monitoring Center (HIMC), http://iti.stanford.edu/himc.html, we used mean florescence intensity (MFI) in the manuscript. However, here we release the pg/mL data as that seems to be more useful for general use. Whole blood samples (n=223), collected in lavender EDTA tubes between March 2013 and October 2016 were centrifuged (500 rcf at room temperature for 10min). Plasma was transferred to 1.5mL conical tubes, centrifuged at 13,000 rcf at room temperature for another 10min, and the resulting supernatant was transferred to 1.5mL conical tubes for storage at −80° C until analysis by the HIMC. The HIMC, which continually benchmarks processes to minimize technical variability (Maecker et al., 2005), performed immunological assays. Human 41-plex kits (HCYTOMAG-60K, 7 kits, each able to run 42 samples) were purchased from EMD Millipore and used according to the manufacturer’s recommendations with modifications as described. Briefly, samples were mixed with antibody-linked magnetic beads on a 96-well plate and incubated overnight incubation at 4°C with shaking. Cold and Room temperature incubation steps were performed on an orbital shaker at 500-600 rpm. Plates were washed twice with wash buffer in a Biotek ELx405 washer. Following one hour incubation at room temperature with biotinylated detection antibody, streptavidin fluorochrome (i.e., streptavidin-PE) was added for 30 minutes with shaking. Plates were washed as above and PBS added to wells for reading in the Luminex 200 Instrument with a lower bound of 50-100 beads per sample per cytokine. Each sample was measured in duplicate. Custom assay control beads by Radix Biosolutions were added to all wells
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Correction to Sullivan et al. (2016)
No full textReports an error in "Cognitive, emotion control, and motor performance of adolescents in the NCANDA study: Contributions from alcohol consumption, age, sex, ethnicity, and family history of addiction" by Edith V. Sullivan, Ty Brumback, Susan F. Tapert, Rosemary Fama, Devin Prouty, Sandra A. Brown, Kevin Cummins, Wesley K. Thompson, Ian M. Colrain, Fiona C. Baker, Michael D. De Bellis, Stephen R. Hooper, Duncan B. Clark, Tammy Chung, Bonnie J. Nagel, B. Nolan Nichols, Torsten Rohlfing, Weiwei Chu, Kilian M. Pohl and Adolf Pfefferbaum (Neuropsychology, 2016[May], Vol 30[4], 449-473). A problem with a computation to invert speed scores is noted and explained in this correction. All statements indicating group differences in speed scores, as well as Table 5 and Figure 8A, have been corrected in the online version of this article. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2016-00613-001.)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate development of cognitive and motor functions in healthy adolescents and to explore whether hazardous drinking affects the normal developmental course of those functions.
METHOD: Participants were 831 adolescents recruited across 5 United States sites of the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence 692 met criteria for no/low alcohol exposure, and 139 exceeded drinking thresholds. Cross-sectional, baseline data were collected with computerized and traditional neuropsychological tests assessing 8 functional domains expressed as composite scores. General additive modeling evaluated factors potentially modulating performance (age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and pubertal developmental stage).
RESULTS: Older no/low-drinking participants achieved better scores than younger ones on 5 accuracy composites (general ability, abstraction, attention, emotion, and balance). Speeded responses for attention, motor speed, and general ability were sensitive to age and pubertal development. The exceeds-threshold group (accounting for age, sex, and other demographic factors) performed significantly below the no/low-drinking group on balance accuracy and on general ability, attention, episodic memory, emotion, and motor speed scores and showed evidence for faster speed at the expense of accuracy. Delay Discounting performance was consistent with poor impulse control in the younger no/low drinkers and in exceeds-threshold drinkers regardless of age.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher achievement with older age and pubertal stage in general ability, abstraction, attention, emotion, and balance suggests continued functional development through adolescence, possibly supported by concurrently maturing frontal, limbic, and cerebellar brain systems. Determination of whether low scores by the exceeds-threshold group resulted from drinking or from other preexisting factors requires longitudinal study
Computing the Sullivan Milnor–Moore S.S. and the rational LS category of certain spaces
No full textAbstractLet (ΛV,d) be the Sullivan model of an elliptic space S and (ΛV,dσ) be the associated pure model. We give an algorithm, based on Groebner basis computations, that computes the stage lσ=l0(ΛV,dσ) at which the (Sullivan version of the) Milnor–Moore spectral sequence of (ΛV,dσ) collapses. When (d−dσ)V⊂Λ>lσV we call S a Ginsburg space. We show that the rational LS category of any Ginsburg space S, cat0(ΛV,d), coincides with that of the associated pure space cat0(ΛV,dσ). A previous algorithm due to the author computes cat0(ΛV,dσ). So we obtain an algorithm that determines whether a space is Ginsburg and which in this case computes its rational LS category
Emotional processes in binge drinking: A systematic review and perspective
No full textUncorrected proofBinge drinking is a widespread alcohol consumption pattern commonly engaged by youth. Here, we present the first systematic review of emotional processes in relation to binge drinking. Capitalizing on a theoretical model describing three emotional processing steps (emotional appraisal/identification, emotional response, emotional regulation) and following PRISMA guidelines, we considered all identified human studies exploring emotional abilities among binge drinkers. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and PsychINFO, and a standardized methodological quality assessment was performed for each study. The main findings offered by the 43 studies included are: 1) regarding emotional appraisal/identification, binge drinking is related to heightened negative emotional states, including greater severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and have difficulties in recognizing emotional cues expressed by others; 2) regarding emotional response, binge drinkers exhibit diminished emotional response compared with non-binge drinkers; 3) regarding emotional regulation, no experimental data currently support impaired emotion regulation in binge drinking. Variability in the identification and measurement of binge drinking habits across studies limits conclusions. Nevertheless, current findings establish the relevance of emotional processes in binge drinking and set the stage for new research perspectives to identify the nature and extent of emotional impairments in the onset and maintenance of excessive alcohol use.Belgian American Educational Foundation (BAEF), Séverine Lannoy and Edith V. Sullivan are supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (grants NIAAA AA010723, AA017923, AA017347, AA021697), Carina Carbia has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie (No.754535), Eduardo López-Caneda was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PTDC/PSI-ESP/28672/2017) and within the scope of the Individual Call to Scientific Employment Stimulus (CEECIND/02979/2018), and Pierre Maurage was funded by the National Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS
Development of Fair Comment as a Defense to Libel
No full text The author, in analyzing the landmark Times v. Sullivan decision, traces the historical development of the doctrine in Wason v. Walter, Coleman v. MacLennan and Star Publishing Company v. Donahoe. </jats:p
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