21 research outputs found
Hubungan-hubungan sipil-militer: perspektif regional/ Edit.: Janowitz Morris
No full textxxvi, 278 hal.; 24 c
Hubungan-hubungan sipil-militer: perspektif regional/ Edit.: Janowitz Morris
No full textxxvi, 278 hal. ; 24 cm
Hubungan-hubungan sipil-militer: perspektif regional/ Edit.: Janowitz Morris
No full textxxvi, 278 hal. ; 24 cm
The military, militarism, and the polity : essays in honor of Morris Janowitz/ Edit.: Michel Louis Martin ; (Ellen Stern McCrate)
No full textThe Military, militarism, and the polity : essays in honor of Morris Janowitz/ Edit.: Michel Louis Martin ; (Ellen Stern McCrate)
No full textCombat effectiveness in the infantry platoon: beyond the primary group thesis
Full text linkThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Taylor & Francis (Routledge) via the DOI in this record.Since 2001, western troops have been heavily engaged in combat in Iraq and Afghanistan raising once again the long-standing question of why small groups of soldiers are willing and able to fight together. Drawing on evidence from recent campaigns, and specifically focusing on American and British forces, this paper examines why small western units have generally been effective in combat. Against the primary group thesis, originally proposed by Morris Janowitz and Edward Shils in 1948, the article claims that training and battle-drills, not interpersonal relations, are the primary factor in generating performance on the battlefield. Moreover, high levels of training alters the relations between soldiers, giving rise to a core group which generates distinctive patterns of motivation
Private sector approaches to effective family planning
Full text linkEven if per-user costs are controlled or reduced, the rising demand for family planning services will far outstrip governments'and donors'financial resources in most parts of the developing world. This"resource gap"lies at the heart of donor-sponsored initiatives to involve the private sector in family planning, but there are other equally good arguments for doing so. Governments and donors are often unaware of how much the private sector (especially the commerical sector) already participates - and could participate - in family planning. The author discusses why the private sector should be involved in planning, how the private sector should be defined, what the experience has been so far with private sector involvement, and what might be expected in the future. To support family planning in the private sector, the author recommends that donors: (1) expand the total family planning market to help satisfy existing and future unmet needs for contraception; and (2) shift current users from subsidized to more nearly self-supporting outlets - without compromising coverage, equity, or quality of care. The kinds of private sector activities that donors should support depend in part on which contraceptive methods are to be emphasized. Nonclinical systems, for example, are the most efficient way to distribute supply methods (for example, oral contraceptives and condoms), as long as medical backup is available for women who suffer side effects or who wish to switch to another method. These systems of distribution free up scarce resources in clinical facilities and the time of limited medical personnel for the resupply of contraceptives. However, if sterilization is to be emphasized, a close link with existing hospital infrastructure is necessary. Nonclinical distribution favors commercial systems in urban and periurban settings and community-based distribution systems (either public or private) where commercial networks break down. Price subsidies might be considered in areas served by commercial systems, but where consumers cannot afford prevailing commercial prices. The author discusses a wide range of experiences in providing both"supply"methods and clinical methods, such as sterilization (including tubal ligation). Roving sterilization camps have proved effective in Nepal and Thailand, for example, where demand for the procedure was high; they may have backfired in other areas, such as India. Mobile clinic vans have been tried in such countries as Colombia andGuatemala, but their effectiveness and cost-efficiency have not been carefully analyzed. Among the topics the author covers: when to subsidize goods and services, when to introduce new subsidized nongovernmental organization outlets, which regulations may inhibit the expansion of private family planning efforts, how to foster demand for private sector family planning goods and services, and how to promote the private supply of such goods and services.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Health Economics&Finance,Gender and Health,Adolescent Health
Military Leadership by Intellectual Officers: A Case Study of the IDF
No full textMorris Janowitz believed that for an army to be victorious it needs to be led by as many intellectual forces as possible, just as any organization needs organizational intellectualism to prosper. It is agreed in scholarly literature that the intellectual must author various articles and manifestos to express their viewpoints, mindset, and philosophy in the public sphere. Based on Janowitz’s belief and using the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) as a case study, this research offers a model for a generic research methodology that can be practiced elsewhere. The mission was to find the extent to which the higher echelons of the Israeli military engage in writing academic articles concerning matters of strategy and army professionalism. Among other conclusions, the authors point out that, with certain reservations considered, the number of articles authored by the IDF’s senior officers proved to be low. If publication indeed reflects intellectualism, the few articles produced over seven decades by the IDF’s leading echelon ought to sound a warning for Israel’s military decision-makers
Women's life writing 1760-1830 : spiritual selves, sexual characters, and revolutionary subjects
No full textPhDThis thesis uses print and manuscript sources to analyse and interpret women's life
writing at the end of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries. I
explore printed works by Catharine Phillips, Mary Dudley, Priscilla Hannah Gurney,
Ann Freeman, Elizabeth Steele, Mary Robinson, Helen Maria Williams, Mary
Wollstonecraft, Grace Dalrymple Elliott, and Charlotte West and discuss the
manuscripts of Mary Fletcher, Mary Tooth, Sarah Ryan, and Elizabeth Fox. Of these
sources, five have never been analysed in the critical literature and six have received
little attention. Considered as a group, this large corpus of texts offers new insights
into the personal and political implications of different models of female selfhood and
social being.
In chapter one, I compare the religious identities presented in the spiritual
autobiographies of Quakers and Methodists. For these women, religious identification
provides a powerful sense of social belonging and enables public participation.
However, it may also lead to a loss of self in the demand for religious conformity and
self-abnegation. In chapter two, I consider the life writing of late eighteenth-century
courtesans. These women adapt available models of femininity and female authorship
in order to establish themselves as socially connected subjects. However, their
narratives also reveal that dependence on the sexual and literary marketplace puts
female selfhood under pressure. In chapter three, I explore the eyewitness accounts of
British women in the French Revolution. I argue that, for these writers, connecting
personal identity to political history is an enabling source of self-definition but it also
exposes them to the risks of self-fragmentation.
In my focus on the social function of women's life writing, I present an alternative to
the traditional alignment of the eighteenth-century autobiographical subject with the
autonomous self of individualism. These narratives allow us to reconsider the
productive and problematic dialectic between personal expression and representative
selfhood, self-authorship and collective narratives, and individualism and social
being. They suggest that women's life writing has the potential to be both the self-expression
of a unique heroine and the self-inscription of a politicised subject
