326 research outputs found
FIG. 1 in New records, potential distribution, and conservation of the Near Threatened cave bat Natalus macrourus in Brazil
No full textFIG. 1 Spatial evolution of records of the Brazilian funnel-eared bat Natalus macrourus (Natalidae) from 1893 to 2015.Published as part of Delgado-Jaramillo, Mariana, Barbier, Eder & Bernard, Enrico, 2017, New records, potential distribution, and conservation of the Near Threatened cave bat Natalus macrourus in Brazil, pp. 579-586 in Oryx (Warsaw, Poland) 52 (3) on page 581, DOI: 10.1017/s0030605316001186, http://zenodo.org/record/459095
Sally Barbier-Dorrance : Drawings and Sculpture
No full textThe author notes Barbier-Dorrance's use of materials, images and mood in her drawings and clay sculptures. Biographical notes
FIGURES 15–24 in Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil
No full textFIGURES 15–24. Progarypus smaugi sp. nov. male holotype, dorsal view, unless stated otherwise: 15, carapace, dorsal view. 16, left chelicera, dorsal view. 17, left galea, lateral view. 18, left rallum, lateral view. 19, male holotype, right pedipalp aspect. 20, female paratype, right pedipalp aspect. 21, right chela, lateral view. 22, genital sternites, male genitalia, ventral view. 23–24, left leg I, lateral view, and left leg IV, lateral view.Published as part of Bedoya-Roqueme, Edwin, Tizo-Pedroso, Everton, Barbier, Eder & Lira, André Felipe De Araújo, 2023, Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 317-332 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 326, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/796023
FIGURES 5–14 in Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil
No full textFIGURES 5–14. Geogarypus gollumi sp. nov. female holotype, dorsal view, unless stated otherwise: 5, carapace, dorsal view. 6, left chelicera, dorsal view. 7, left galea, lateral view. 8, left rallum, lateral view. 9, male paratype, right pedipalp aspect. 10, female holotype, right pedipalp aspect. 11, right chela, lateral view (arrows indicating aspect of the teeth). 12, genital sternites, ventral view. 13–14, left leg I, lateral view, and left leg IV, lateral view.Published as part of Bedoya-Roqueme, Edwin, Tizo-Pedroso, Everton, Barbier, Eder & Lira, André Felipe De Araújo, 2023, Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 317-332 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/796023
Structural change, marginal land and economic development in Latin America and the Caribbean
No full textEmpirical evidence indicates that in Latin America and the Caribbean, households on less favored, or marginal, agricultural land form a "residual" pool of rural labor. Although the modern sector may be the source of dynamic growth through learning-by-doing and knowledge spillovers, patterns of labor, land and other natural resources use in the rural economy matter in the overall dynamics of structural change. The concentration of rural populations on marginal land is essentially a barometer of economy-wide development. As long as there is abundant marginal land for cultivation, they serve to absorb rural migrants, increased population, and displaced unskilled labor from elsewhere in the economy. Moreover, the economy is vulnerable to the "Dutch disease" effects of a booming primary products sector. As a consequence, productivity increases and expansion in the commercial primary production sector will cause manufacturing employment and output to contract, until complete specialization occurs. Avoiding such an outcome and combating the inherent dualism of the economy require both targeted polices for the modern sector and traditional agriculture on marginal land.Erratum to Lat Am Econ Rev (2014) 23:3, DOI: 10.1007/s40503-014-0003-5, Author: Edward B. Barbier: The article displays incorrect author information. Please note the correct author information: The sole author of this paper is Edward B. Barbier, "John S. Bugas Professor of Economics", Department of Economics and Finance, University of Wyoming. The publisher regrets this mistake (http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40503-014-0007-1)
Geogarypus gollumi Bedoya-Roqueme & Tizo-Pedroso & Barbier & Lira 2023, n. sp.
No full text<i>Geogarypus gollumi</i> n. sp. <p> Figs. 1 <b>–</b> 2, 5 <b>–</b> 14</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3ee4f2bc-5242-443d-9f2c-69baa621e93e</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Female holotype: Pernambuco, Brazil: Meu Rei cave, 08°29’14.1”S, 37°16’48.8”W, 777 m a.s.l., 19-I-2016, Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-013). Paratypes: Brazil: 1 male, Pernambuco, Meu Rei cave, 08°29’14.1”S, 37°16’48.8”W, 777 m a.s.l., 19-I-2016, Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-014); 1 female, Pernambuco, Meu Rei cave, 08°29’14.1”S, 37°16’48.8”W, 777 m a.s.l., 19-I-2016, Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-015).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Geogarypus gollumi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from the other species of the genus <i>Geogarypus</i> Chamberlin, 1930 by the trichobothrium <i>ib</i> basal to <i>est</i>, and is not distal to <i>esb.</i> Fixed finger chelal with 26 teeth and four larger teeth (male, with 20 teeth and four larger teeth), movable finger with 11 cusp-shaped teeth (male, with 10 cusp-shaped teeth), and the remaining teeth, basal and flattened; female, femur pedipalpal 3.5× (male, 3.5×); patella 2.3× (male, 2.2×); leg I and IV diplotarsate.</p> <p> <b>Adults</b>. Both females and males. Carapace and pedipalps dark brown, granulated. Carapace with a pale-yellow median zone, a dark brown longitudinal stripe, which extends from the posterior furrow to the posterior margin. Tergites with several dark brown zones on lateral margins, and the center of each. All legs light yellow. All setae short pin-shaped (Figs. 1 <b>–</b> 2).</p> <p> Chelicera (female and male), with five setae on hand, all setae acuminate, <i>ls</i> shorter, fixed finger with one apical tooth, followed by one small tooth, two larger teeth, and two small teeth (Fig. 6). Galea of female slender with nine small branches (Fig. 7), male galea is less slender than the female and simple. Rallum with a long and simple blade (Fig. 8); serrula exterior with 15 blades.</p> <p> Pedipalps slender, densely granulated, partially irregular, all setae short pin-shaped (Figs. 9 <b>–</b> 10). Femur 3.5× (male 3.4×), only slightly curved, with a distinct pedicel; patella 2.3× (male 2.2×). Chela with rounded hand, fingers only slightly curved, chela with pedicel 3.6× (male 3.5×), chela without pedicel 3.4× (male 3.3×) longer than broad, fixed finger chelal with seven trichobothria, <i>isb</i> absent, trichobothrium <i>ib</i> basal to <i>est</i>, and is not distal to <i>esb</i>, and movable finger with four trichobothria (Fig. 11). Fixed finger with 26 teeth and four larger teeth (male, with 20 teeth and four larger teeth), movable finger with 11 cusp-shaped teeth (male, with 10 cusp-shaped teeth), and the remaining teeth, basal and flattened (Fig. 11). Nodus ramosus at the level of <i>st</i> in the movable finger, and distal of <i>ist</i> in the fixed finger; well-developed venom apparatus on both fingers of the chela.</p> <p>Carapace lateral margin strongly granulated, with two pairs of horned eyes, with 21 short pin-shaped setae (male, with 23 short pin-shaped setae), four setae on anterior margin, and 12 setae on margin posterior (Fig. 5). Cucullus furrow long, extending to about the level of the first pairs of eyes (Fig. 5); median transverse furrow well defined, and posterior very conspicuous (Fig. 5).</p> <p>Region coxal, pedipalpal coxa sparsely granulated, approx. 36 setae, coxa I with 18 setae, Coxa II 22, coxa III 32, coxa IV approx. 38.</p> <p>Opisthosoma, tergites granulated. All setae pin-shaped, being longer than the setae of the carapace; and pleural membrane strongly striated; Tergal chaetotaxy of the female holotype, tergites I–XII: 16: 16: 14: 14: 12: 16: 14: 12: 12: 12: 10: 2, female paratype, tergites I–XII: 16: 16: 16: 14: 14: 14: 14: 14: 12: 12: 10: 2, male paratype tergites I–XII: 18: 18: 18: 16: 16: 16: 14: 14: 12: 12: 10: 2. Sternites, scarcely granulated, Sternal chaetotaxy of holotype female, sternites II–XII: 8: (2)6(2): (2)16(2): 16: 16: 16: 16: 16: 14: 12: 2, female paratype, sternites II–XII: 8: (2)6(2): (2)16(2): 16: 16: 16: 14: 14: 14: 12: 2, male paratype, sternites II–XII: 6: (2)9(2): (2)16(2): 16: 16: 16: 16: 16: 14: 12: 2.</p> <p>The genital region of the female holotype with four short setae on each side of the anterior operculum (Fig. 12), the posterior operculum with six setae (Fig. 12). Region genital of the male paratype with six setae on the anterior operculum, with lateral sacs thick and strongly pleated, and nine setae on the posterior operculum.</p> <p> Legs: all legs light-yellow (Figs. 1 <b>–</b> 2), femur 3.9× (male 3.6×), patella 2.3× (male 2.4×), tibia 2.7× (male 2.5×), Metatarsus 2.8× (male 2.5×), tarsus 3.0× (male 3.1×) (Fig. 13). Leg IV: femur+patella 5.2× (male 5.0×), tibia 3.8× (male 4.2×), metatarsus 2.8× (male 2.7×), tarsus 3.8× (male 3.7×), all setae pin-shaped, tarsus without a seta tactile, subterminal setae acuminate, undivided arolium longer than simple claws.</p> <p> <b>Measurements (mm)</b>: Female holotype (Paratype in parentheses): body length 1.912 (2.125); carapace 0.581 / 0.473 (0.593 / 0.476); cucullus length 0.168(0.171).Chelicerae 0.221 / 0.126 (0.254 / 0.139);movable finger0.165 (0.178). Pedipalps trochanter: 0.221 / 0.154 (0.224 / 0.158); femur: 0.537 / 0.154; patella 0.354 / 0.159 (0.358 / 0.162); chela with pedicel 0.914 / 0.251 (0.937 / 0.254); chela without pedicel 0.866 / 0.251 (0.893 / 0.254), movable finger 0.457 (0.481). Leg I: trochanter 0.08/0.09 (0.09/0.13), femur 0.235 / 0.061 (0.238 / 0.064), patella 0.141 / 0.063 (0.144 / 0.069), tibia 0.192 / 0.072 (0.195 / 0.085); metatarsus 0.141 / 0.031 (0.144 / 0.034); tarsus 0.094 / 0.041 (0.097 / 0.045). Leg IV: trochanter 0.199 / 0.121 (0.197 / 0.124); femur+patella: 0.416 / 0.126 (0.419 / 0.129); tibia: 0.304 / 0.081 (0.307 / 0.084); metatarsus 0.171 / 0.061 (0.174/0.07); tarsus 0.151 / 0.041 (0.154 / 0.041).</p> <p>Male paratypes: Body length 1.609. Carapace 0.451 / 0.460; cucullus length 0.153. Chelicerae 0.219 / 0.123; movable finger 0.153. Pedipalps: trochanter 0.220 / 0.149; femur 0.533 / 0.152; patella 0.350 / 0.153; chela with pedicel 0.893 / 0.247; chela without pedicel 0.863 / 0.247; movable finger 0.446. Leg I: trochanter 0.08/0.090; femur 0.225 / 0.062; patella 0.345 / 0.147; tibia 0.182 / 0.071; metatarsus 0.140 / 0.030; tarsus 0.086 / 0.051. Leg IV: trochanter 0.193 / 0.120; femur+patella 0.415 / 0.123; tibia 0.302 / 0.071; metatarsus 0.169 / 0.060; tarsus 0.149 / 0.040.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet (<i>gollumi</i>) derives its name from the mythical (fictional) character Gollum, from Middle Earth, in the fantasy literary book “The Lord of the Rings” written by J.R.R. Tolkien, who lived in the cave.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Only known from the type locality (Brazil: Pernambuco, Meu Rei cave).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Currently, only 11 species of the genus <i>Geogarypus</i> Chamberlin, 1930 are known from South America (Harvey 2013). Individuals of <i>Geogarypus gollumi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differ from the other species of the genus by the absence of trichobothrium <i>isb</i>, likewise, by the trichobothrium <i>ib</i> basal to <i>est</i>, and is not distal to <i>esb</i>. Fixed finger chelal with 26 teeth and four larger teeth (male, with 20 teeth and four larger teeth), movable finger with 11 cusp-shaped teeth (male, with 10 cusp-shaped teeth), and the remaining teeth, basal and flattened. However, when compared to other species with the trichobothria <i>isb</i> absent. <i>Geogarypus gollumi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from <i>Geogarypus bucculentus</i> Beier, 1955 by the fixed finger with four pit-like structures with raised rims between and below <i>eb</i>, <i>esb</i> and <i>est</i>. Lateral margins of tergites swollen and raised. Tarsus of most legs diplotarsate, but some legs possess fused or partially fused tarsus (see Harvey, 1987; Figs. 7 <b>–</b> 8), and by possessing large lateral flanges on the carapace. Also, it differs from <i>Geogarypus connatus</i> Harvey, 1986 by the pedipalps, carapace and to a lesser extent tergites with large pustules; teeth of chelal fingers closely spaced, slightly retrorse. 5–7 internal accessory teeth present. Serrula exterior of chelicera with 11–12 (male), 11–13 (female) blades; galea of male simple, occasionally with 1 or 2 minute distal spinules, and female with 6–7 distal branches, and tarsus of all legs monotarsate; occasionally a slight suture is evident, but the segment is never articulated.</p>Published as part of <i>Bedoya-Roqueme, Edwin, Tizo-Pedroso, Everton, Barbier, Eder & Lira, André Felipe De Araújo, 2023, Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 317-332 in Zootaxa 5293 (2)</i> on pages 321-324, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7960232">http://zenodo.org/record/7960232</a>
Progarypus smaugi Bedoya-Roqueme & Tizo-Pedroso & Barbier & Lira 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Progarypus smaugi</i> sp. nov. <p> Figs. 3 <b>–</b> 4, 15 <b>–</b> 24</p> <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:003a5f97-862a-4dee-94d1-98722cbad9ff</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Male holotype: Pernambuco, Brazil: Meu Rei cave, 08°29’14.1”S, 37°16’48.8”W, 777 m a.s.l., 19-I-2016, Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-016). Paratypes: Brazil: 3 males, Pernambuco, Meu Rei cave, 08°29’14.1”S, 37°16’48.8”W, 777 m a.s.l., 19-I-2016, Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-017); 4 females, Pernambuco, Meu Rei cave, 08°29’14.1”S, 37°16’48.8”W, 777 m a.s.l., 19-I-2016, Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-018).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Distribution of the trichobothria on the fixed finger chelal, being trichobothrium <i>ist</i> distal de <i>est.</i> Trichobothrium <i>it</i> proximal to <i>est</i>; <i>ib</i> near the level of <i>isb.</i> Nodus ramosus on movable finger chelal proximal to trichobothria <i>t</i>; the robust pedipalps, male femur 0.604 / 0.229 mm, 2.6× (female, 0.681 / 0.251 mm, 2.7×), patella 0.485 / 0.209 mm, 2.3× (female, 0.552 / 0.250 mm, 2.5×). Fixed finger with 39 pointed teeth, movable finger with 30 flattened teeth.</p> <p> <b>Adults</b>. Carapace (Figs. 3–4), and pedipalps reddish-brown, carapace in both male and female with pale posterior area, more evident in males than in females, all legs light yellow, all tergites divided (except XI), anterior tergites light-brown colors, chela pedipalpal darker reddish-brown (Figs. 3–4).</p> <p>Chelicera with five setae on hand, fixed finger with one apical tooth, and four subapical teeth, movable finger with tooth-like subapical lobe (Fig. 16), rallum with three blade, first and second long toothed (Fig. 17), gale long, with three apical branches (Fig. 18), serrula exterior with 18 blades (female, with 20 blades).</p> <p> Pedipalps robust (Figs. 19–20), in both male and female strongly granulated, trochanter 1.3× (female, 1.2×) as long as broad, femur 2.6× (female 2.7×) as long as broad, chela with pedicel 3.2× (female 3.4×), chela without pedicel 3.0× (female 3.2×), inner margin of hand in female rounded (Fig. 20). Movable finger chelal 0.518 mm (female 0.641 mm), fixed finger with 39 pointed teeth (female with 37 pointed teeth), movable finger with 30 flattened teeth (female with 32 flattened teeth) (Fig. 21). Trichobothrium <i>ist</i> distal de <i>est</i>; trichobothrium <i>it</i> proximal to <i>est</i>; <i>ib</i> near the level of <i>isb</i>; trichobothrium <i>st</i> proximal to the middle of the finger, <i>sb</i> closer to <i>b</i> than to <i>st</i>, nodus ramosus on fixed finger distal of <i>est</i>, and in the movable finger chelal proximal to trichobothrium <i>t</i> (Fig. 21), well-developed venom apparatus in both on the fixed finger and on the movable finger chelal (Fig. 21).</p> <p>Carapace triangular (Fig. 15), squamose sculpturing, posteriorly reticulate, cucullus shorts, with an indistinct longitudinal furrow, with medial furrow and indistinct posterior furrow (Fig. 15), four large eyes, all setae very short and acuminate, with approx. 38 setae (female approx. 36 setae), four setae on the anterior margin, one seta preocular on each side, with six to twelve setae on the posterior margin (Fig. 15).</p> <p>Coxal region: female and male with an apical lobe of coxa pedipalpal with two setae marginal, and three discal setae, approx. 26 setae (female approx. 28), coxa I ca. 22 setae (female ca. 26 setae), Coxa II ca. 24 setae (female ca. 28), Coxa III ca. 30 setae (female ca. 32 setae), Coxa IV ca. 34 setae (female ca. 36 setae).</p> <p>Opisthosoma: all tergites are divided (except XI); reticulate sculpture, all setae acuminate, pleural membrane strongly striated. Tergal chaetotaxy of holotype male, tergites I–XI: 6: 8: 8: 8: 6: 6: 4: 4: 6: 6: 4 [4ST]: 2, females paratypes, tergites I–XI: 6: 6–8: 6–8: 8: 6: 6: 6–4: 6–4: 6: 6: 4 [4ST]: 2, males paratypes, tergites I–XI: 6: 6: 8: 8: 6: 6–8: 6–8: 6–8: 6: 6–8: 4 [4ST]: 2, tergite XI with four setae tactile. Sternal chaetotaxy of the male holotype, sternites II–XII: 8(4): (1)6(1): (1)6(1): 8: 8: 8: 8: 8: 10: 10: 2, females paratypes, sternites II–XII: 6: (1)6(1): (1)6(1): 6–8: 6–8: 8: 8–10: 8–10: 10–12: 10: 2, males paratypes, sternites II–XII: 8(4): (1)6(1): (1)6(1): 6: 6–8: 8–10: 8–10: 8–10: 10–12: 10: 2, sternites XI with two setae tactile, pleural membrane III–X with one seta.</p> <p>The genital region of the male holotype with eighth setae, and four discal setae on the anterior operculum (Fig. 22), the posterior operculum with six marginal setae (Fig. 22), internal genital structures, indistinctly visible (Fig. 22). Genital region of the female paratype with six central setae on the anterior operculum, and six marginal setae on the posterior operculum.</p> <p>Legs: all legs light-yellow (Figs. 23–24), Leg I (Fig. 23): trochanter 1.5× (female 1.7×), femur 2.8× (female 2.7×), patella 2.4× (female 2.6×), tibia 2.4× (female 2.6×), metatarsus 3.2× (female 3.3×), tarsus 3.3× (female 4.8×), Leg IV (Fig. 24): trochanter 1.1× (female 1.2×), femur+patella 2.6× (female 2.7×), tibia 4.0× (female 4.1×), metatarsus 3.1× (female 3.2×), tarsus 3.7× (female 3.8×), subterminal setae smooth, arolium undivided and longer than claws (Fig. 24).</p> <p> <b>Measurements (mm)</b>:Male holotype (Paratype in parentheses):body length 1.796(1.813); carapace 0.609 / 0.486 (0.612 / 0.489); Chelicerae; movable finger. pedipalps trochanter: 0.255 / 0.191 (0.257 / 0.193); femur: 0.604 / 0.229 (0.607 / 0.230); patella 0.485 / 0.209 (0.487 / 0.210); chela with pedicel 0.929 / 0.289 (0.931 / 0.290); chela without pedicel 0.873 / 0.289 (0.853 / 0.290), movable finger 0.578 (0.581). Leg I: trochanter 0.136 / 0.129 (0.137 / 0.131), femur 0.220 / 0.077 (0.225 / 0.079), patella 0.149 / 0.061 (0.151 / 0.063), tibia 0.159 / 0.065 (0.161 / 0.067); metatarsus 0.131 / 0.041 (0.133 / 0.043); tarsus 0.134 / 0.043 (0.136 / 0.045). Leg IV: trochanter 0.231 / 0.131 (0.235 / 0.133); femur+patella: 0.843 / 0.180 (0.845 / 0.183); tibia: 0.361 / 0.091 (0.365 / 0.093); metatarsus 0.219 / 0.071 (0.221 / 0.070); tarsus 0.189 / 0.051 (0.187 / 0.053).</p> <p>Female paratypes: Body length 2.241 –2.250. Carapace 0.691–0.693/0.552–0.553; Chelicerae; movable finger. Pedipalps:trochanter 0.226–0.229/0.210–0.213; femur 0.681–0.683/0.251–0.253; patella 0.550–0.553/0.220–0.223; chela with pedicel1.091–1.093/0.321–0.323; chela without pedicel 1.031–1.033/0.321–0.323; movable finger 0.641 – 0.643. Leg I: trochanter 0.050–0.060/0.136–0.137; femur 0.263–0.265/0.080–0.090; patella 0.167–0.169/0.102– 0.103; tibia 0.215–0.217/0.080–0.090; metatarsus 0.203–0.206/0.060–0.070; tarsus 0.195–0.197/0.041–0.043. Leg IV: trochanter 0.230–0.231/0.130–0.133; femur+patella 0.803–0.805/0.251–0.253; tibia 0.532–0.533/0.110–0.112; metatarsus 0.316–0.319/0.060–0.070; tarsus 0.249–0.251/0.040–0.050.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet (<i>smaugi</i>) derives its name from the mythical (fictional) dragon, the last of the great dragons remaining in Middle Earth, in the fantasy literary book “The Hobbit” written by J.R.R. Tolkien.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Only known from the type locality (Brazil: Pernambuco, Meu Rei cave).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> According to the descriptions by Beier (1931a, 1932b, 1959, 1964) and the taxonomic key presented by Mahnert (2001), <i>Progarypus smaugi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from other species of <i>Progarypus</i> Beier, 1931 as follows: it differs from the type species of the genus <i>Progarypus ramicola</i> (Balzan, 1887), from Paraguay, for the femur pedipalpal without pedicel, clearly separated, somewhat concave, femur pedipalps 0.720 / 0.160, patella 0.690 (0.540)/0.201, rallum of chelicera with three denticulate blades. It differs from <i>Progarypus longipes</i> Beier, 1964 by each tergite with six to eight very short marginal setae; pedipalps relatively very thinned, femur pedipalpal on the apical third with an extended tactile seta, scaly sculpture in the medial area and granular in the rest. Fixed finger chelal with 45 densely spaced teeth, finger movable chelal with 35 pointed teeth in apical third, but completely flat at the base, and <i>Progarypus marginatus</i> Beier, 1964 from Chile by the <i>eb -esb -isb</i> trichobothria at the base of the fingers, <i>ist</i> is closer to <i>it</i> than to <i>ib</i>; male femur pedipalpal 0.950 / 0.201, 4.7×, patella 0.801 / 0.240, 3.3×. Differ from <i>Progarypus novus</i> Beier, 1931 from Brazil by the carapace 1.5× as long as wide, gradually narrowing, with truncated anterior margin, and approximately net-like sculpturing. Pedipalps slender, femur 4.0×, as long as wide, sessile, patella 3.5×, chelal fingers slightly shorter than hand without pedicel 0.54 mm. It differs from <i>Progarypus peruanus</i> Beier, 1959 from Peru by the carapace as long as wide at the base, conically narrowed at anterior margin, densely granulated. Pedipalps almost as long as the body, femur without pedicel 4.3×, patella 3×, fingers clearly longer than hand chela with pedicel and as long as femur, tarsus IV shorter than tarsus I. It differs from <i>Progarypus oxydactylus</i> (Balzan, 1887) from Paraguay by the carapace clearly longer than wide, finely granulated, and reticulate at the base, pedipalps rather long and thin. Femur 4.1× times as long as wide, weakly pedicelled, finely granulated, and striated, patella 3.2× as long as wide, notably shorter than the femur. Similarly, it differs from the species <i>Progarypus gracilis</i> Mahnert, 2001, <i>Progarypus liliae</i> Mahnert, 2001, and <i>Progarypus setifer</i> Mahnert, 2001 from Brazil by the length of the femur pedipalps 0.7-1.0- 1.21 mm, by the distribution of the trichobothria <i>est</i>, <i>ist</i>, <i>it</i>, <i>et</i>, the length of the fingers of the pedipalpal hand. The new species resembles <i>Progarypus nigrimanus</i> Mahnert, 2001, from Brazil however, it differs by the femur pedipalpal length 0.7–1.0 mm; at least one of trichobothrium <i>est</i>, <i>ist</i>, <i>it</i>, <i>et</i> proximal to <i>st</i>, finger relatively shorter, at most 1.3×, pedipalps bicolored, chelal hand darker than femur and patella, femur pedipalpal 4.7–5.3× (length 0.86 mm), patella 3.8–3.9× (length 0.78–0.79mm) longer than broad, carapace anteriorly with tessellated sculpturing.</p>Published as part of <i>Bedoya-Roqueme, Edwin, Tizo-Pedroso, Everton, Barbier, Eder & Lira, André Felipe De Araújo, 2023, Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 317-332 in Zootaxa 5293 (2)</i> on pages 325-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7960232">http://zenodo.org/record/7960232</a>
Computer algebra and transputers applied to the finite element method
No full textRecent developments in computing technology have opened new prospects for computationally intensive numerical methods such as the finite element method. More complex and refined problems can be solved, for example increased number and order of the elements improving accuracy. The power of Computer Algebra systems and parallel processing techniques is expected to bring significant improvement in such methods. The main objective of this work has been to assess the use of these techniques in the finite element method. The generation of interpolation functions and element matrices has been investigated using Computer Algebra. Symbolic expressions were obtained automatically and efficiently converted into FORTRAN routines. Shape functions based on Lagrange polynomials and mapping functions for infinite elements were considered. One and two dimensional element matrices for bending problems based on Hermite polynomials were also derived. Parallel solvers for systems of linear equations have been developed since such systems often arise in numerical methods. Both symmetric and asymmetric solvers have been considered. The implementation was on Transputer-based machines. The speed-ups obtained are good. An analysis by finite element method of a free surface flow over a spillway has been carried out. Computer Algebra was used to derive the integrand of the element matrices and their numerical evaluation was done in parallel on a Transputer-based machine. A graphical interface was developed to enable the visualisation of the free surface and the influence of the parameters. The speed- ups obtained were good. Convergence of the iterative solution method used was good for gated spillways. Some problems experienced with the non-gated spillways have lead to a discussion and tests of the potential factors of instability
Petterchernes brasiliensis Heurtault 1986
No full text<i>Petterchernes brasiliensis</i> Heurtault, 1986 <p> <b>Material examined.</b> 1 male, Pernambuco, Brazil: Furna do Morcego cave, 8°34’14.1”S; 37°22’55.6”W, 556 m a.s.l., 09-V-2019; Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-SCR011).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> According to Heurtault (1986) and Mahnert (1994) the males of <i>Petterchernes brasiliensis</i> Heurtault, 1986 can be easily distinguished by the carapace without eyes and without eyespots, dark brown, metazone finely granulated, setae of the carapace and tergites strongly clavate, with two deep transverse furrows, for setae on anterior margin; tergites divided, granulate. Chaetotaxy tergal: 9: 9: 9: 10: 10: 10: 12: 12: 10: 10: 10: 2. Genital region operculum with 32 setae and ten setae on posterior margin. Chelicerae, galea with multiple branches, and three blades in the rallum. Pedipalps coarsely granulate, setae stout and enlarged, trochanter 1.67×, with high dorsal hump, femur 2.22×, abruptly enlarged, patella 2.15×, chela with pedicel 2.28×, chela without pedicel 2.09×, trichobothrium <i>isb</i>, <i>ib</i>, and <i>est</i> at same level, hand with well pronounced internal hump bearing some longer and stouter setae. Legs, tarsus IV without tactile setae, claws smooth and simple, subterminal seta smooth, curve.</p> <p> <b>Measurements (mm).</b> Body length: 1.251. Carapace: 0.554 / 0.473. Pedipalps: trochanter: 0.269 / 0.161, femur: 0.477 / 0.214, patella: 0.415 / 0.193, chela with pedicel: 0.766 / 0.335, chela without pedicel: 0.7020 / 0.335, movable finger: 0.418. Leg I: trochanter: 0.137 / 0.085, femur: 0.131 / 0.115, patella: 0.106 / 0.076, tibia: 0.127 / 0.078, tarsus: 0.202 / 0.047. Leg IV: trochanter: 0.153 / 0.121, femur+patella: 0.380 / 0.121, tibia: 0.164 / 0.086, tarsus: 0.276 / 0.058.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Brazil (Harvey 2013; World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog 2022).</p>Published as part of <i>Bedoya-Roqueme, Edwin, Tizo-Pedroso, Everton, Barbier, Eder & Lira, André Felipe De Araújo, 2023, Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 317-332 in Zootaxa 5293 (2)</i> on page 321, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7960232">http://zenodo.org/record/7960232</a>
Parachernes (Parachernes) nitidimanus
No full textParachernes (Parachernes) nitidimanus (Ellingsen, 1905) Material examined. 1 female, Pernambuco, Brazil: Furna do Morcego cave, 8°34’14.1”S; 37°22’55.6”W, 556 m a.s.l., 09-V-2019; Catimbau National Park, E. Barbier leg. (LECA; Ps-SCR010). Diagnosis. According to Ellingsen (1905) and Beier (1932b) can be easily distinguished from the other species of the genus Parachernes Chamberlin (1931) by the carapace as long as broad 1.14×, gradually narrowing forwards, the short frontal margin straightened. Metazone distinctly granulated, yet a little glossy before the first furrow. Two distinct transverse furrows, the anterior one about in the middle, the posterior one somewhat nearer to the hinder margin than to the anterior furrow. Tergite divided (except XI), slightly granulated, al setae rather long, slightly clavate. Chaetotaxy tergal: 10: 10: 10: 8(1): 8(2): 6(2): 8(2): 8(2): 8(2): 10(2): 4(2ST):2. Genital region opercula with a central group of 18 short, three setae on each side, and ten marginal setae. Chelicerae, female with galea very slender and short, with some fine teeth in and near the extremity on the underside, male with about 6 terminal branches; paired spermatheca, typical of the genus. Pedipalps moderately strong, all segments smooth and glossy. The setae on the inner side of the trochanter and femur are slightly clavate, the other setae of the palps are slightly dentate in the extremity, on the fingers simple with some longer ones intermixed; trochanter and the proximal part of femur slightly shagreened; femur 2.35×, strongly granulated; patella 2.02×, more slightly, rather shagreened. chela with pedicel 3.18×, chela without pedicel 2.47×, hand round about smooth and very glossy, fingers as general smooth and glossy. Measurements (mm). Body length: 2.359. Carapace: 0.771 / 0.672. Pedipalps: trochanter: 0.347 / 0.197, femur: 0.544 / 0.235, patella: 0.589 / 0.266, chela with pedicel: 1.064 / 0.384, chela without pedicel: 0.950 / 0.384, movable finger: 0.538. Chelicera: 0.277 / 0.141, movable finger length:0.202. Leg I: femur: 0.105 / 0.127, patella: 0.317 / 0.137, tibia: 0.272 / 0.091, tarsus: 0.308 / 0.071. Leg IV: femur+patella: 0.569 / 0.158, tibia: 0.318 / 0.103, tarsus: 0.255 / 0.052. Distribution. Brazil, Saint Vincent, and the Grenadines (Harvey 2013; World Pseudoscorpiones Catalog 2022).Published as part of Bedoya-Roqueme, Edwin, Tizo-Pedroso, Everton, Barbier, Eder & Lira, André Felipe De Araújo, 2023, Two new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion species (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 317-332 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/796023
- …
