90 research outputs found
The training ground (Campus) of the legio X Fretensis in Jerusalem/Aelia Capitolina - a possible identification north of the Damascus Gate
No full textThis paper suggests to locate the training ground (campus) of the legio X Fretensis in the shallow valley north of the Damascus Gate, perhaps where once the siege camp of Titus was built. Topographically it is the most level ground around Jerusalem, hence fitting for a campus. Furthermore, the area was devoid of structures between 70 CE and the 4th century, except for two monuments erected by legionary forces and dedicated to the emperors: one monument definitely dedicated to Hadrian (upon his visit) and the other either to Hadrian or less likely to Antoninus Pius. Positioning the campus in this area neatly explains why it was empty for centuries and why the cemetery of Aelia Capitolina was pushed north of the line of the “Third Wall”
Privacy by Design by Regulation: The Case Study of Ontario
No full textThis article presents the findings of a case study examining the role of the regulator in
facilitating Privacy by Design (“PbD”) solutions. With the introduction of PbD into
the new European Union General Data Protection Regulation, it is important to
understand the conditions under which PbD can succeed and the role which regulators
can play (if at all) in promoting such success. Two initiatives with similar technology
are examined: first, a PbD success, the introduction of facial recognition technology
into existing cameras in casinos in Ontario, and second, a PbD failure, the expanded
deployment of cameras within the public transit system of Toronto. The findings are
organized into three overarching themes: PbD-focused findings, leadership and
organizational findings, and regulator-focused findings. The article argues that privacy
continues to persist as an engineering problem despite PbD, that (related to that) there is
growing recognition of privacy as an issue of organizational change and leadership, and
consequently, that the role of the regulator must evolve if PbD is to become a meaningful
regulatory tool, an evolution that carries with it both risks and opportunities for privacy.Not peer reviewe
Job search by employed workers : the effects of restrictions
No full textWithin the framework of a general equilibrium search model, the authors study the effect of institutional restrictions on workers'job mobility. The model generates endogenuous job searches on the job and off the job with two forms of labor contracts emerging and coexisting in equilibrium. One form of contract involves the workers'long-term commitment to the firm ("reversed tenure"): some firms offer high wages in return for their workers'commitment not to search for better jobs. The other is a short-term contract requiring no such commitment: some firms that cannot afford to pay wages that guarantee lifetime attachment pay lower wages, have lower turn-over costs, but impose no restrictions on searches for better jobs. The authors study the effects on employment of exogenous restrictions on mobility - in the form of a transfer from the quitting worker, made either to the employer or to a third party. These transfers, the separation bonds, are typically the benefits lost by the quitting worker, such as vested pension. Restrictions of this type, by crowding out the firms that allow on-the-job searches for employment directly increase unemployment. When restrictions on workers'mobility take the form of a zero-sum transfer, there is no real effect so long as the transfer is below some bound - the worker loses nothing. When the separation bond is prohibitively large, or when it is forfeited to a third party, employment among all types of workers falls.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Economics&Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Labor Markets
The Koinon of Kosadar:A Hellenistic private association in the Levant
No full textA late third- or early second-century BCE ostracon discovered within the fills of a subterranean complex (no. 169) at the site of Maresha records the koinon (association) of Kosadar ning a certain person called Rhodon for the sum of no less than 40 silver Drachmae. The ostracon was discovered in the company of two other similar, albeit fragmentary, ostraca. Since the association is named by a personal name, we suggest it was a private association. Though the existence of nes is well recorded in regulations of private associations known from the Hellenistic world on stone and papyri, these are the rst documents to be discovered that record the actual imposition of one. Furthermore, this is the earliest evidence for a private association in the Southern Levant, and as such constitutes a ‘missing link’ in the development of Greek-type institutions in the region
Privacy by design by regulation: The case study of Ontario
No full textThis article presents the findings of a case study examining the role of the regulator in facilitating Privacy by Design (“PbD”) solutions. With the introduction of PbD into the new European Union General Data Protection Regulation, it is important to understand the conditions under which PbD can succeed and the role which regulators can play (if at all) in promoting such success. Two initiatives with similar technology are examined: first, a PbD success, the introduction of facial recognition technology into existing cameras in casinos in Ontario, and second, a PbD failure, the expanded deployment of cameras within the public transit system of Toronto. The findings are organized into three overarching themes: PbD-focused findings, leadership and organizational findings, and regulator-focused findings. The article argues that privacy continues to persist as an engineering problem despite PbD, that (related to that) there is growing recognition of privacy as an issue of organizational change and leadership, and consequently, that the role of the regulator must evolve if PbD is to become a meaningful regulatory tool, an evolution that carries with it both risks and opportunities for privacy.Not peer reviewe
A cuspidality criterion for the functorial product on GL(2) × GL(3) with a cohomological application
No full textA strong impetus for this paper came, at least for the first author, from a question of Avner Ash, asking whether one can construct non-selfdual, nonmonomial cuspidal cohomology classes for suitable congruence subgroups Γ of SL(n, Z), say for n = 6. Such a construction, in special examples, ha
Costs and benefits of debt and debt service reduction
No full textThe author evaluates the costs and benefits of debt and debt service reduction (DDSR) from the point of view of five countries that have concluded Brady deals: Costa Rica, Mexico, the Philippines, Uruguay, and Venezuela. He concludes that, contrary to widely held views, commercial banks have probably benefited from the operations. Commercial bank participation in DDSR is voluntary, so direct financial savings to the country are probably negative at present values. The benefit from DDSR is not that debt is bought at"bargain prices"at the expense of commercial banks. It appears difficult to justify a DDSR operation on purely financial grounds. A more realistic way to look at a DDSR operation is to view it as a"project"that involves a certain financial cost. The return on such a project is how the DDSR operation improves the macroeconomy, or contributes to development. The main purpose of DDSR is to establish a more efficient arrangement between debtor countries and commercial banks, leading to improved conditions for development. A DDSR operation that does not help development is costly and should not be undertaken. The impact of DDSR on development is usually measured by the increase in the growth rate of GDP, but it is too soon to measure that for these five countries. A suitable alternative is to look at the change in investment patterns. A strong policy framework is needed if debt and debt service reduction are to significantly improve development. In Mexico and, to a lesser extent, Venezuela, improved and sustained strong adjustment policies have generated the greatest development benefits. Gains have been less in smaller countries where policies were not as supportive. The author concludes that for a country to benefit from DDSR, it needs significant indirect benefits (such as increased domestic and foreign savings). Direct benefits are likely to be negative because of the commercial banks'financial gains and because DDSR operations are frontloaded. DDSR operations cannot be justified solely by direct benefits and savings in cash flow.Strategic Debt Management,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Financial Intermediation
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