2,040 research outputs found
Interrupting antiretroviral treatment needs particular care [9]
No full textContext Presenceoflow-frequency,orminority,humanimmunodeficiencyvirustype 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance mutations may adversely affect response to antiretroviral treatment (ART), but evidence regarding the effects of such mutations on the effectiveness of first-line ART is conflicting. Objective To evaluate the association of preexisting drug-resistant HIV-1 minority variants with risk of first-line nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)based antiretroviral virologic failure. Data Sources Systematic review of published and unpublished studies in PubMed (1966 through December 2010), EMBASE (1974 through December 2010), conference abstracts, and article references. Authors of all studies were contacted for detailed laboratory, ART, and adherence data. Study Selection and Data Abstraction Studies involving ART-naive participants initiating NNRTI-based regimens were included. Participants were included if all drugs in their ART regimen were fully active by standard HIV drug resistance testing. Cox proportional hazard models using pooled patient-level data were used to estimate the risk of virologic failure based on a Prentice weighted case-cohort analysis stratified by study
Impact of HIV-1 viral subtype on disease progression and response to antiretroviral therapy
No full textBackground. Our intention was to compare the rate of immunological progression prior to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the virological response to ART in patients infected with subtype B and four non-B HIV-1 subtypes (A, C, D and the circulating recombinant form, CRF02-AG) in an ethnically diverse population of HIV-1-infected patients in south London. Methods. A random sample of 861 HIV-1-infected patients attending HIV clinics at King's and St Thomas' hospitals' were subtyped using an in-house enzyme-linked immunoassay and env sequencing. Subtypes were compared on the rate of CD4 cell decline using a multi-level random effects model. Virological response to ART was compared using the time to virological suppression (< 400 copies/ml) and rate of virological rebound (> 400 copies/ml) following initial suppression. Results. Complete subtype and epidemiological data were available for 679 patients, of whom 357 (52.6%) were white and 230 (33.9%) were black African. Subtype B (n = 394) accounted for the majority of infections, followed by subtypes C (n = 125), A (n = 84), D (n = 51) and CRF02-AG (n = 25). There were no significant differences in rate of CD4 cell decline, initial response to highly active antiretroviral therapy and subsequent rate of virological rebound for subtypes B, A, C and CRF02-AG. However, a statistically significant four-fold faster rate of CD4 decline (after adjustment for gender, ethnicity and baseline CD4 count) was observed for subtype D. In addition, subtype D infections showed a higher rate of virological rebound at six months (70%) compared with subtypes B (45%, p = 0.02), A (35%, p = 0.004) and C (34%, p = 0.01). Conclusions. This is the first study from an industrialized country to show a faster CD4 cell decline and higher rate of subsequent virological failure with subtype D infection. Further studies are needed to identify the molecular mechanisms responsible for the greater virulence of subtype D. © 2010 Easterbrook et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd
Children's developing understanding of economic inequality and their place within it
No full textStatement of Contribution:
What is already known on this subject?
• Economic inequality affects the well-being of childrens and adolescents
• Children develop an understanding of the causes of economic inequality
• Little research has examined social influences on children's conceptions of inequality
What does this study add?
• A review of the role of developmental and social processes in emerging conceptions of inequality
• Analysis of how childrens' conceptions of inequality may affect their well-being
• Suggested pathways for research on social processes affecting conceptions of inequality and sense of selfData Availability Statement:
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analysed in this study.Income inequality is growing in many parts of the world and, for the poorest children in a society, is associated with multiple, negative, developmental outcomes. This review of the research literature considers how childrens' and adolescents' understanding of economic inequality changes with age. It highlights shifts in conceptual understanding (from ‘having and not having’, to social structural and moral explanations), moral reasoning and the impact of the agents of socialization from parents to the media and cultural norms and discourses. It also examines how social processes affect judgements and the importance of an emerging sense of self in relation to questions of economic inequality. Finally, the review covers methodological considerations and suggests pathways for future research.This work was supported by The British Psychological Society Research Seminars Competition 2019
Book Discussion : PJ Powers
No full textThe UJ Campus Health Services and the Student Affairs Division in partnership with the UJ Library invite you to meet PJ Powers (Thandeka) the co-author of the book HERE I AM About the book: Here I Am, written with Marianne Thamm, is an intimate and hilarious account of the life and times of one of this country’s most recognisable and enduring performers. From the dizzying heights of international stardom to the dark depths of her struggle with alcohol, this is a must-read to explore the heady mix of politics and music of the time. More than just a story about the personal journey of one of South Africa’s most beloved music icons, this extraordinary memoir of PJ Powers – or Thandeka, as she was affectionately renamed by Soweto crowds – is set against the turbulent backdrop of South Africa’s recent political history. It features a gallery of political leaders and international celebrities, including the likes of Nelson Mandela, Graça Machel, Chris Hani, Joaquim Chissano, Queen Elizabeth II, Brenda Fassie, Sharon Stone and Robert De Niro. Facilitator: Prof Alban Burke, Director – PsyCad, University of Johannesburg PJ Powers will also perform a few songs on the day. Date: 27 August 2015 Time: 16:30 for 17:00 Venue: Auditorium (6th Floor), APK Library, University of Johannesburg (corner Kingsway and University Road, Auckland Park) RSVP: By Wednesday, 26 August 2015 to Theodorah Modise on [email protected] / 011 559 226
Book Discussion : PJ Powers
No full textThe UJ Campus Health Services and the Student Affairs Division in partnership with the UJ Library invite you to meet PJ Powers (Thandeka) the co-author of the book HERE I AM About the book: Here I Am, written with Marianne Thamm, is an intimate and hilarious account of the life and times of one of this country’s most recognisable and enduring performers. From the dizzying heights of international stardom to the dark depths of her struggle with alcohol, this is a must-read to explore the heady mix of politics and music of the time. More than just a story about the personal journey of one of South Africa’s most beloved music icons, this extraordinary memoir of PJ Powers – or Thandeka, as she was affectionately renamed by Soweto crowds – is set against the turbulent backdrop of South Africa’s recent political history. It features a gallery of political leaders and international celebrities, including the likes of Nelson Mandela, Graça Machel, Chris Hani, Joaquim Chissano, Queen Elizabeth II, Brenda Fassie, Sharon Stone and Robert De Niro. Facilitator: Prof Alban Burke, Director – PsyCad, University of Johannesburg PJ Powers will also perform a few songs on the day. Date: 27 August 2015 Time: 16:30 for 17:00 Venue: Auditorium (6th Floor), APK Library, University of Johannesburg (corner Kingsway and University Road, Auckland Park) RSVP: By Wednesday, 26 August 2015 to Theodorah Modise on [email protected] / 011 559 226
Evidence for onward transmission of HIV-1 non-B subtype strains in the United Kingdom
No full textAn increasing proportion of new HIV diagnoses in the United Kingdom and other European countries are attributable to non-B subtype infections, mainly among black Africans with infections heterosexually acquired in sub-Sabaran Africa. We examined whether there was evidence for onward transmission of non-B subtypes within an ethnically diverse HIV-1-infected cohort in South London. Three hundred eighty-four HIV-1-infected patients attending Kings College Hospital were subtyped using an in-house enzyme-linked immunoassay and env sequencing. Epidemiologic data were obtained from medical chart review and the patients' physician and were used to establish the most likely source and country of infection. Overall, 344 patients (154 black African, 148 white UK-born, and 42 black Caribbean) had an identifiable subtype. The prevalence of non-B subtypes among the black African, white, and black Caribbean patients was 96.8%, 14.2%, and 31%, respectively. Most non-B subtype infections were identified in black Africans (149 of 183 cases) and were mainly acquired in sub-Saharan Africa, but 22.9% (42 of 183 cases) of all non-B infections were probably acquired in the United Kingdom. Among the 21 white UK-bom patients infected with a non-B subtype, 15 probably acquired the infection in the United Kingdom and only 6 of these patients reported a source sexual partner from an HIV endemic area. All 13 black Caribbean patients with a non-B infection most likely acquired their infection in the United Kingdom, most of whom (8 of 13 patients) were probably infected by a partner from an HIV endemic area. Potential acquisition of HIV infection in the United Kingdom was lowest among black African patients with a non-B infection, and most of these infections were probably acquired from a partner originating from an HIV endemic area. This study provides the first evidence for onward transmission of non-B subtypes in the United Kingdom, particularly among the black Caribbean populatio
Renal AA-amyloidosis in intravenous drug users - a role for HIV-infection?
No full textBackground: Chronic renal disease is a serious complication of long-term intravenous drug use (IVDU). Recent reports have postulated a changing pattern of underlying nephropathy over the last decades.
Methods: Retrospective investigation including all patients with prior or present IVDU that underwent renal biopsy because of chronic kidney disease between 01.04.2002 and 31.03.2012 in the city of Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Results: Twenty four patients with IVDU underwent renal biopsy because of progressive chronic kidney disease or proteinuria. Renal AA-amyloidosis was the predominant cause of renal failure in 50% of patients. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) was the second most common cause found in 21%. Patients with AA-amyloidosis were more likely to be HIV infected (67 vs.17%; p=0.036) and tended to have a higher rate of repeated systemic infections (92 vs. 50%; p=0.069). Patients with AA-amyloidosis presented with progressive renal disease and nephrotic-range proteinuria but most patients had no peripheral edema or systemic hypertension. Development of proteinuria preceded the decline of GFR for approximately 1--2 years.
Conclusions: AA-amyloidosis was the predominant cause of progressive renal disease in the last 10 years in patients with IVDU. The highest rate of AA-amyloidosis observed was seen in HIV infected patients with IVDU. We speculate that chronic HIV-infection as well as the associated immunosuppression might promote development of AA-amyloidosis by increasing frequency and duration of infections acquired by IVDU
Technologically mediated learning: The future of training in Australia
No full textHosie, PJ ORCiD: 0000-0003-2585-024XFollowing a review of the economic imperatives currently facing Australia,
the future directions training will take are examined. Related training issues are considered; such as multiskilling, on-the-job training and legal issues. The author predicts that technologically mediated learning (TML),
especially interactive multimedia, will gain ascendancy as the predominant mode of delivery for training
A 0.7-V 0.43-pJ/cycle Wakeup Timer based on a Bang-bang Digital-Intensive frequency-Locked-Loop for IoT Applications
No full textA 40-nm CMOS wakeup timer employing a bang-bang digital-intensive frequency-locked loop for Internet-of-Things applications is presented. A self-biased ΣΔ digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is locked to an RC time constant via a single-bit chopped comparator and a digital loop filter. Such highly digitized architecture fully exploits the advantages of advanced CMOS processes, thus enabling operation down to 0.7 V and a small area (0.07 mm 2 ). Most circuitry operates at 32× lower frequency than the DCO in order to reduce the total power consumption down to 181 nW. High frequency accuracy and a 10× enhancement of long-term stability is achieved by the adoption of chopping to reduce the effect of comparator offset and 1/f noise and by the use of ΣΔ modulation to improve the DCO resolution. The proposed timer achieves the best energy efficiency (0.43 pJ/cycle at 417 kHz) over prior art while keeping excellent on-par long-term stability (Allan deviation floor <;20 ppm) and temperature stability (106 ppm/°C).Accepted Author Manuscript(OLD)Applied Quantum Architecture
EFEKTIVITAS PASAL 1 PERATURAN DIREKTUR JENDRAL PAJAK NOMOR PER-18/PJ/2017
No full textTahap Penelitian atau yang penulis biasa sebut dengan validasi SSP (Surat Setoran Pajak) merupakan tahap final dimana seorang wajib pajak telah melakukan kewajibannya dalam penyetoran pajak, dan dalam proses validasi itu sendiri tidak semua akan diterima oleh kantor pajak setempat karena masih akan dilakukan penelitian baik penelitian serara formil maupun materiil. Untuk mekanismenya validasi telah ditetapkan dalam Per-18/Pj/2017 Tentang Cara Penelitian Bukti Pemenuhan Kewajiban Penyetoran Pajak Penghasilan Atas Penghasilan Dari Pengalihan Hak Atas Tanah Dan/Atau Bangunan, Dan Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Atas Tanah Dan/Atau Bangunan Beserta Perubahannya. Efektifitas pasal 1 Peraturan Direktur Jendral Pajak Nomor Per-18/Pj/2017 di Kantor Pajak Pratama Kota Malang telah sesuai akan tetapi untuk pasal 1 ayat 2 masih belum dan untuk pengikatan jual beli, dan mengenai cara pembuktian bahwa wajib pajak telah memenuhi kewajiban penyetoran adalah dengan cara validasi ataupun telah di telitiKata Kunci: kewajiban, penyetoran, pemenuhan, pajak, validasiThe Research Phase or what the author commonly refers to as SSP validation (Tax Payment Deposit) is the final stage in which a taxpayer has carried out his obligations in tax payments, and in the process of validation itself not all will be accepted by the local tax office because there will still be done a research both formal and material. For the mechanism of validation, it has been stipulated in Per-18 / Pj / 2017 Regarding the Method of Research of Evidence of Fulfillment of Obligation of Income Tax on Income from Transfer of Land and / or Building Rights, and Agreement on Binding of Sale and Purchase of Land and / or Buildings and Amendments. The effectiveness of article 1 of the Regulation of the Director General of Tax Number Per-18 / Pj / 2017 in the Pratama Tax Office Malang is appropriate but for article 1 paragraph 2 it is still not yet for the binding of buying and selling, and regarding the means of proving that the taxpayer has fulfilled the payment obligation is by validation or thoroughlyKeywords: oblilgation, deposit, fulfillment, tax, validatio
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