1,720,969 research outputs found
Longitudinal effects of intergroup contact on explicit and implicit prejudice among majority and minority members
No full textWe conducted a longitudinal field study among high-school majority and minority students. Results showed that T1 quantity of contact improved T4 outgroup stereotypes (almost three years later) via reduced anxiety; T1 quantity × quality of contact reduced T4 implicit prejudice
Americans are barbarians or allies? Images of Americans in the Italian social context
No full textImage theory was tested in the context of Italian=American relationships. Participants were Italian students. In addition to the images of ally, barbarian, imperialist, enemy, a new image was suggested: that of father. We predicted that political orientation would affect the structural perceptions (goal compatibility, relative power, relative status), and, as a consequence, the image of Americans: right-wing participants should prefer the images of father and ally, while left-wing participants should associate Americans with barbarian. Findings generally supported our predictions; also the figure of father obtained some support. The theoretical and practical implications of results are discussed
Political orientation and the American image in Italy
No full textWe tested the image theory in the Italian context and considering the relation between Italians and Americans. In Stuty 1, with Italian students, we found that left-wing participants endorsed more strongly the barbarian image, whereas right-wing participants endorsed more strongly the image of ally. In Study 2, with an adult Italian sample, results were similar to those obtained in Study 1. In this case, however, right-wing participants strongly endorsed also the father image
Americans: Barbarians or allies?
No full textAccording to the image theory (Alexander et al., 1999; Herrmann, 1985), perceptions relative to the strategic relations betweennations (goal compatibility; relative power; and relative status, namely culture) generate differential outgroup stereotypes (e.g., enemy, ally). In this study, the perceptions Italians have of Americans were revealed, using a direct (Likert-type scale) and an indirect technique (semantic differential used as an indirect measure). The images of ally, barbarian, imperialist and enemy were considered, and one image was added: that of father. Moreover, the effects of the political orientation and identification with the national ingroup were evaluated. It was hypothesized that right-wing participants (N=92, students of Psychology) would adopt the images of father and ally; left-wing participants (N=102, students of Psychology) should instead use the images of barbarian, imperialist and enemy. Identification with the Italian ingroup should make salient the help Americans gave in the liberation from fascism, and the long collaboration between Italy and the United States; it was, therefore, hypothesized that, in right-wing participants, identification positively influences the images of father and ally. Findings, obtained with the direct technique, indicated that rightwing participants only used the image of ally, whereas left-wing participants saw Americans as: barbarians, imperialists, enemies. The application of the indirect technique showed, for right-wing participants, a positive correlation of Americans with ally and father; left-wingparticipants associated Americans with imperialist, barbarian andenemy. Finally, identification influences, in the right-wing, theperceptions of outgroup as ally and father
Miglioramento delle relazioni intergruppi nella e oltre la situazione di contatto: il ruolo delle emozioni e dell’identità comune
No full textIn due lavori, abbiamo verificato un modello derivato: dall’ipotesi del contatto, dalla teoria dell’identità dell’ingroup comune, dagli studi relativi agli effetti delle emozioni intergruppi. Nel nostro modello, il contatto cooperativo aumenta l’empatia e riduce l’ansia, perché promuove la rappresentazione di un’identità comune. Si ipotizza, inoltre, che gli effetti positivi si estendano dai membri prossimali dell’outgroup all’outgroup distale. In uno studio, i partecipanti erano infermieri italiani che lavoravano in una casa di cura; collaboravano con colleghi immigrati. Nell’altro, erano operai italiani che lavoravano in aziende; collaboravano con operai immigrati. Si è applicato un questionario. Si sono verificati modelli di path analysis con variabili osservate (Lisrel 8). Il modello proposto risulta confermato. In entrambi i contesti di lavoro, il contatto cooperativo promuoveva la rappresentazione di costituire un gruppo unico (l’istituto di cura, la fabbrica); la percezione della comune appartenenza aumentava l’empatia e riduceva l’ansia. Tali effetti positivi si estendevano dagli esemplari prossimali all’outgroup distale, cioè alla categoria generale degli immigrati. Saranno discusse le implicazioni teoriche e applicative dei risultati dei due studi
Perceiving Status (In)stability in a Low-Status Group: The Effects of Identification on Explicit and Implicit Intergroup Attitudes
No full textWe examined whether perceptions of status (in)stability moderate the effects of ingroup identification on explicit and implicit intergroup attitudes. We expected that identification with Italians (low-status group) would enhance ingroup bias toward Americans (high-status group) more when status was unstable rather than stable. We also predicted that the effects of identification on bias would be driven by ingroup enhancement for explicit attitudes and by both ingroup enhancement and outgroup derogation for implicit attitudes. The results revealed that identification increased explicit ingroup evaluation and ingroup bias independently from status (in)stability.However, identification increased implicit outgroup derogation only with unstable status. The results are discussed with reference to social identity theory and to the importance of considering both explicit and implicit attitudes
La rappresentazione del terrorismo islamico: l’influenza dell’appartenenza politica
No full textLa ricerca presentata indaga le rappresentazioni del terrorismo islamico in partecipanti italiani con orientamento politico di destra e di sinistra. I risultati mostrano che le persone di sinistra hanno una rappresentazione del terrorismo islamico e delle ragioni che ne sono alla base più diversificate rispetto agli individui di destra
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