1,774 research outputs found
Riscoperte archeozoologiche di antiche collezioni paleontologiche scavate dalle equipes di Alberto I di Monaco: Homo sapiens Paleolitico alle grotte dell’Observatoire (Giardino esotico, Monaco) e St Martin (Monaco-città, Monaco).
No full text- Grotta dell’Observatoire (Giardino esotico, Monaco): analisi dell’industria su materie dure animali, un oggetto di parure e prime osservazioni archeozoologiche.
Presso la Grotta dell’Observatoire un’industria in materie dure animali è descritta da M. Boule e L. De Villeneuve dopo le prime campagne di scavo (1916-1920) condotte sotto l’egida del Principe Alberto I di Monaco. Questi manufatti provengono da livelli più alti (Gruppo superiore: Foyers G-E, Proto-Aurignaziano e Aurignaziano; Foyers C-A, Gravettiano), e sono stati oggetto
negli ultimi anni di una revisione tassonomica, tecnologica e tafonomica. Purtroppo, la quasi totalità di questa industria non possiede ad oggi una esatta indicazione stratigrafica (Boule et Villeneuve, 1927; p. 13 et 101). In generale la lavorazione dell’osso e del palco animale è documentata da oggetti di tipologia ben definita, ottenuti grazie a specifiche tecniche di débitage e façonnage.
L’analisi tassonomica rivela che le materie dure animali utilizzate per confezionare degli strumenti, delle armi da getto e un unico oggetto di parure, sono ricavati quasi esclusivamente da elementi anatomici di cervidi (Cervidae indet., Rangifer tarandus e Capreolus capreolus) e in misura minore, di stambecco (Capra ibex); la scelta di questi animali risulta coerente in rapporto
all’insieme faunistico. L’analisi tafonomica mostra che gli strumenti in osso e in palco (zagaglie e punteruoli) conservano ancora le tracce della loro lavorazione: nella maggior parte dei casi, si tratta di prodotti finiti, che a volte presentano fratture e abrasioni probabilmente correlate al loro uso. Alcuni artefatti in osso, come i punteruoli, sono ricavati da schegge diafisarie ottenute in seguito alla fratturazione di ossa lunghe. Gli artefatti in palco, così come qualche raro oggetto in osso, sono il risultato di una estrazione diretta e di un façonnage di supporti di forma predeterminata, in seguito rifiniti con fini raschiature ed abrasioni. Un solo oggetto di parure, associato ad una frequentazione gravettiana (Foyer C) è stato ottenuto a partire da un canino atrofico di Cervus elaphus, dopo una preparazione per assottigliamento e una perforazione bipolare inversa della radice ai fini di una sua sospensione. È stato possibile
identificare la presenza di tracce di ocra rossa sulle superfici di alcuni strumenti così come sul dente di cervo perforato. Una prima analisi archeozoologica e tafonomica dettagliata dell’insieme faunistico associata all’industria su materie dure animali, rivela anche, per la prima volta in questo contesto, delle informazioni sull’interazione tra i gruppi di cacciatori raccoglitori e i rapaci diurni di grandi dimensioni che hanno frequentato la Grotta. Alcuni elementi anatomici di aquile e avvoltoi, infatti, mostrano evidenti tracce di macellazione legate verosimilmente allo sfruttamento delle carni, del piumaggio e probabilmente anche alla ricerca di supporti in osso.
- Grotta di Saint-Martin (Monaco Città, Monaco): primi risultati delle analisi archeozoologiche e nuove datazioni C14.
La Grotta di Saint-Martin è situata sulla Rocca di Monaco, nel quartiere di Monaco città e più precisamente nei giardini che riportano lo stesso nome. Portate alla luce al debutto del XX secolo, queste collezioni sono rimaste finora sconosciute. Nonostante le analisi archeozoologiche relative ai materiali osteologici di questa grotta sono ancora in corso, alcuni risultati preliminari offrono già una anteprima sulle relazioni Uomo-animale e sulle successive occupazioni. Il gran numero di carnivori e l’ampia varietà di taxa (iena, leone, leopardo, lince, volpe rossa, ghiottone e lupo, solo per nominarne alcuni), nonché la presenza di tutte le classi d’età, ci informano del possibile utilizzo della cavità come tana-rifugio in alternanza all’uomo. Le specie di ungulati presenti mostrano un quadro ambientale vario con la presenza di una copertura forestale sia rada che densa, con marcati caratteri freddi e aridi. Ad oggi, solo pochi indizi registrano un’interazione tra esseri umani e animali. Alcuni resti di ungulati, ad esempio, mostrano tracce di macellazione e allo stesso tempo, uno strumento in osso prodotto a partire da un’ulna di stambecco è stato identificato e documentato. In parallelo, le numerose conchiglie bivalve e gasteropodi supportano una loro raccolta e un loro consumo in grotta da parte dei gruppi umani che l’hanno frequentata. Il programma di datazioni intrapreso sottolinea la complessità della stratigrafia di questa cavità, e conferma la sua frequentazione da parte dell’uomo anche nel corso dell’Ultimo Massimo Glaciale (LGM).Grotte de l’Observatoire (Jardin Exotique, Monaco) : analyse de l’industrie sur matières dures animales, un objet de parure et premières observations archéozoologiques.
À la grotte de l’Observatoire une industrie sur matières dures animales est décrite par M. Boule et L. De Villeneuve à la suite de leurs premières campagnes de fouilles (1916-1920) conduites sous l’égide du Prince Albert Ier de Monaco. Ces artefacts proviennent des niveaux supérieurs (Groupe supérieur : Foyers G-E, Proto-Aurignacien et Aurignacien ; Foyers C-A, Gravettien),
et ont fait l’objet depuis quelques années d’une révision taxonomique, technologique et taphonomique. Malheureusement, la quasitotalité de cette industrie n’est à ce jour pas renseignée par une attribution stratigraphique précise (Boule et Villeneuve, 1927, pp. 13 et 101). En général, le travail de l’os et du bois animal est documenté par des objets de typologie bien définie, obtenus par des techniques de débitage et de façonnage spécifiques.
L’analyse taxonomique révèle que les matières dures animales utilisées pour la confection des instruments, des armes et de l’unique objet de parure, proviennent presque exclusivement d’éléments anatomiques de cervidés (Cervidae indet., Rangifer tarandus et Capreolus capreolus) et en moindre mesure de bouquetins (Capra ibex) ; le choix de ces animaux s’est avéré cohérent avec l’ensemble faunique. L’analyse taphonomique montre que les artefacts en os et en bois (sagaies et poinçons) conservent les traces de leur fabrication : dans la majeure partie des cas, il s’agit de produits finis, qui présentent parfois des fractures et abrasions probablement liées à leur utilisation. Certains artefacts en os, comme les poinçons, sont issus d’éclats diaphysaires obtenus suite à la fracturation d’os longs. Les artefacts en bois, ainsi que quelques rares objets en os, résultent d’une extraction directe et du façonnage de supports de forme prédéterminée, puis finalisés par des raclages fins et des abrasions. Un seul objet de parure, associé à une fréquentation gravettienne (Foyer C), a été obtenu à partir d’une canine atrophique de Cervus elaphus après préparation et amincissement, et une perforation bipolaire inverse de la racine à des fins de suspension. Il a été possible de relever la présence de traces d’ocre sur les outils, les armatures ainsi que sur le vestige ornemental. Une première analyse archéozoologique et
taphonomique détaillée de l’ensemble faunique associée à l’industrie sur les matières dures animales révèle également pour la première fois des informations sur l’interaction entre les groupes de chasseurs-cueilleurs et les rapaces de grandes dimensions qui ont fréquenté la grotte. En fait, certains éléments anatomiques d’aigles et de vautours, rendent compte de traces de boucherie liées vraisemblablement à l’exploitation de la viande, du plumage et probablement aussi de la recherche de supports en os.
Grotte de Saint-Martin (Monaco-ville, Monaco) : premiers résultats d’analyses archéozoologiques et nouvelles datations 14C
La grotte de Saint-Martin est située sur le Rocher de Monaco, dans le quartier de Monaco-ville dans les jardins du même nom. Fouillée très tôt, au début du XXe siècle, ces collections sont jusque-là restées méconnues. Bien que des analyses archéozoologiques à la grotte de Saint-Martin soient en cours, certains résultats préliminaires donnent déjà un premier aperçu sur
les relations Homme-animal et les occupations successives. Le grand nombre de carnivores et la grande variété de taxons (ex : hyène, lion, léopard, lynx, renard roux, glouton et loup, etc.) ainsi que la représentation de toutes les classes d’âge, rendent compte d’une tanière utilisée en alternance avec l’homme. Les espèces d’ongulés présentes illustrent un cadre environnemental varié avec la présence d’une couverture forestière à la fois clairsemée et dense avec des caractères froids et arides marqués. À ce jour, seuls quelques indices enregistrent une interaction entre l’Homme et l’animal, certains restes d’ongulés montrent par exemple des traces de boucherie et un instrument osseux confectionné à partir d’un ulna de bouquetin a également été identifié et documenté. En parallèle, les nombreux coquillages bivalves et gastropodes soutiennent une collecte humaine probable et leur consommation dans la grotte.
Le programme de datations entrepris souligne pour la première fois la complexité de la stratigraphie de cette cavité, et confirme son occupation durant le dernier maximum glaciaire (LGM) par les Hommes
Grotta dell’Observatoire (Monaco): analisi dell’industria su materie dure animali, di un elemento di parure e prime osservazioni archeozoologiche
No full textObservatoire Cave (Monaco): analysis Of hard animal matter industry, of an ornamental object and preliminary archaeozoological observations.
An industry made of hard animal matter was unearthed in the upper levels of Observatoire Cave (Upper Group, Hearths, G-E: cfr. Protoaurignac and Aurignac Type; Units C-A, Gravettian) and described by M. Boule and L. De Villeneuve after their first excavation campaigns, carried out by Prince Albert I of Monaco at the beginning of the last century. The present study focuses on the recent taxonomic, technological and taphonomic revision of this collection (Romandini 2017). Unfortunately, no precise stratigraphic attributions are available for most of these artefacts (Boule and Villeneuve 1927: 13 and 101). Overall, the transformed objects made of animal bone and antler correspond to welldefined typological categories, obtained by specific cutting and shaping techniques. The hard animal materials used for the manufacture of tools, weapons and the single ornament, come almost exclusively from anatomical elements attributed to Cervidae: Cervidae indet., Rangifer tarandus and Capreolus capreolus, and to a lesser extent to the ibex. In the assemblage, most of the bone and antler artefacts (split-based points, double points and bone awls) bear manufacturing traces. These are finished products, which sometimes present use-related fractures and abrasions. Some bone artefacts, such as bone awls, derive from flaked shafts obtained from fractured long bones (expedients). On the other hand, the antler artefacts, as well as a few rare bone objects, result from the extraction and shaping of predetermined blanks, which were subsequently completed. The regular blanks used to make split-based points and bone awl were obtained with the technique of double parallel grooving and completed by fine scraping and abrasion. A single ornamental object, associated with a Gravettian occupation (Unit C), was obtained from an atrophic Cervus elaphus canine after preparation, thinning, and inverse bipolar perforation of the root for suspension purposes. Despite the non-optimal conservation status of the surfaces, it was possible to detect traces of ochre on the tools, armatures and ornamental remains. They are located near the split bases, at the bottom of the incisions and within the trabecular tissue. The preservation of these traces is also due to the presence of a varnish, probably applied during restoration, at the time of discovery. A preliminary detailed archaeozoological and taphonomic analysis of the faunal assemblage reveals exceptional information on the interactions between hunter-gatherer groups and the large raptors who used the cave. Certain anatomical elements of eagles and vultures show traces of butchery possibly related to the exploitation of meat and feathers
Il Paleolitico e il Mesolitico della Liguria
No full textThis pa- per summarises research and studies carried out in Liguria and in the immediately neighbouring Provençal territories over the last fifty years, highlighting the rich- ness of the discoveries and new acquisitions made also through the study of old collections. Liguria was continuously inhabited by human groups throughout the Palaeolithic and the Mesolithic, given its particular geographical position, facing the upper Tyrrhenian Sea, which made it a refugium during the harshest glacial phases as well as an obligatory corridor between southern France and the Italian Peninsula. Evidence of human activity, dating back more than a million years, is known in the Grotte du Vallonet, at Menton, not far from the Italy-France border. Only few sites, characterised by the occasional presence of hand-axes and the appearance of the Levallois method, can be attributed to the Early Middle Pal- aeolithic. On the other hand, a quite large number of sites and surface finds are referable to the Late Middle Palaeolithic; some Neanderthal bone fragments are also ascribed to this phase. Evidence of one of the earliest European cultures at- tributed to the anatomically modern humans, the Protoaurignacian, has also come to light. During this phase, a circulation of siliceous raw materials covering a very wide area, from the Rhone Valley to the Adriatic Sea, is noticeable, a behaviour that remained almost unchanged until the end of the Upper Palaeolithic. The earli- est decorative elements, including several pierced seashells, abundant red ochre, formal bone tools, as well as a deciduous tooth of Homo sapiens from the Riparo Bombrini, date back to this period. To the Gravettian belongs the richest set of burials known to date in Europe, including the so-called burial of the “giovane principe” from the Caverna delle Arene Candide, as well as the presence of ob- jects of portable art, including the well-known venuses from Balzi Rossi. Also significant are the later Epigravettian remains, including the cemetery of the Cav- erna delle Arene Candide, for which a complex ritual has been highlighted, and various manifestations of rupestrian art. Related to this period is the exceptional evidence of occasional exploration, by a group of very young individuals, of the Grotta della Bàsura, in the Toiranese area. To the Mesolithic, although poorly documented, especially in its second phase, is attributed the oldest burial of a female newborn known till today in Europe, discovered in 2017 at Arma Veirana, in the inland area of Albenga, and dated to around 10,000 years ago. Liguria, like the nearby Provence, lastly saw an early arrival of Neolithic communities from Southern Italy, whose settlement determined dynamics of coexistence and inte- gration that marked the end of the hunter-gatherer’s system
scheda Onofri
No full textA. Serrani, [SCHEDA VINCENZO ONOFRI], in Giulio II e Raffaello. Una nuova stagione del Rinascimento a Bologna, a cura di D. Benati, M.L. Pacelli, E. Rossoni, catalogo della mostra (Bologna), Cinisello Balsamo, 2022, p. 72, n. II.4
scheda Nicolò Pisano
No full textA. Serrani, [SCHEDA NICOLÒ PISANO], in Giulio II e Raffaello. Una nuova stagione del Rinascimento a Bologna, a cura di D. Benati, M.L. Pacelli, E. Rossoni, catalogo della mostra (Bologna), Cinisello Balsamo, 2022, p. 161, n. VII.4
scheda Sebastiano Serlio (?)
No full textA. Serrani, [SCHEDA SEBASTIANO SERLIO (?)], in Giulio II e Raffaello. Una nuova stagione del Rinascimento a Bologna, a cura di D. Benati, M.L. Pacelli, E. Rossoni, catalogo della mostra (Bologna), Cinisello Balsamo, 2022, p. 162, n. VII.7
scheda Bagnacavallo
No full textA. Serrani, [SCHEDA BAGNACAVALLO], in Giulio II e Raffaello. Una nuova stagione del Rinascimento a Bologna, a cura di D. Benati, M.L. Pacelli, E. Rossoni, catalogo della mostra (Bologna), Cinisello Balsamo, 2022, p. 162, n. VII.8
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