331 research outputs found
Sensitivity to moral principles predicts both deontological and utilitarian response tendencies in sacrificial dilemmas
No full textWhen facing sacrificial dilemmas in which harm maximizes outcomes, people appear sensitive to three moral principles: They are more averse to actively causing harm than passively allowing it (action principle), causing harm directly than indirectly (contact principle), and causing harm as a means than as a by-product of helping others (intention principle). Across five studies and a meta-analysis (N = 1,218), we examined whether individual differences in people’s sensitivity to these principles were related to participants’ moral preferences on sacrificial dilemmas. Interestingly, sensitivity to each of these principles was related to both elevated harm-rejection (i.e., deontological) as well as elevated outcome-maximization (i.e., utilitarian) response tendencies. Rather than increasing responses consistent with only one philosophical position, people sensitive to moral principles balanced moral concerns about causing harm and maximizing outcomes similar to people high in other measures of moral concern
Separating ability from need: Clarifying the dimensional structure of the need for closure scale
No full text2006). Hence, it is not entirely clear to what extent Decisiveness played its role as one of the five subscales contributing to the global need for closure score or whether it is related to a different underlying process and refers to a distinctive need for closure factor. The present study attempts to provide some answers regard-ing this vital issue and highlights the need to reevaluate previously reported findings from the need for closure literature. In particular, we argue that the traditional Decisive-ness scale taps a mixture of the hypothesized “need” construct as well as unintended ability content. In the present studies, we develop items that clearly refer to a craving for quick and unambiguous decisions instead of habitually making this kind of rushed decisions. This set of new items will be compared to Webster and Kruglanski’s (1994) original Decisiveness scale in terms of its predictive power on motivational effects that are assumed to be instigated by the need for closure. Authors ’ Note: This research was supported by a PhD research grant awarded to the first author (#01D06105) under supervision of the sec-ond author. The authors thank Ivan Mervielde and Ilse Cornelis for their constructive suggestions and proofreading of the article. Corre-spondence should be addressed to Arne Roets or Alain Van Hiel
Linking farmers to markets through valorisation of local resources:the case for intellectual property rights of indigenous resources
No full textThis is the scientific report from a research programme which explored the current lack of a suitable public system for protecting GIs in Southern Africa. In contrast to the European Union, the current South African legal framework only provides for the protection of GIs as collective and, in certain circumstances, as certification trademarks. The lack of a public system through which to valorize GIs was identified as excluding resource poor farmers (but also commercial larger scale farmers) from a potentially useful tool for improving their market access. The need for a public system of protection also emanates from the significance of the wild resources found in South Africa and Namibia, which are often the only source of income for resource poor communities and which is threatened by bio‐piracy. It thus appeared important to assess the merits of developing an institutional framework for protecting GIs in Southern Africa and to evaluate the needs for a sui generis legal system. Secondly, an analysis was done of the local dynamics based on specific agro‐food products. Two central questions were therefore addressed in this study: "How can local communities successfully protect their resources and differentiate their production through GIs?" and "What is the nature and extent of the required institutional and legal framework to achieve this objective?”.Geographical indications; indigenous resources; intellectual property rights; collectivae action; Southern Africa
Linking farmers to markets through valorisation of local resources: the case for intellectual property rights of indigenous resources
No full textAgribusiness,
FIGURE 2. a in Two new Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) species from the Richtersveld National Park, South Africa
No full textFIGURE 2. a. Desert vegetation at Kokerboomkloof Campsite in the Richtersveld National Park; b–d. Oxalis nivea; b. Habitus; c. Flowers; d. Bulb; e–h. O. rosettifolia; e. Habitus; f. Flowers (cream-coloured form); g. Flowers (side view of yellow-coloured form); h. Bulb. Scale bars = 50 mmPublished as part of Dreyer, Léanne L., Roets, Francois & Oberlander, Kenneth C., 2013, Two new Oxalis (Oxalidaceae) species from the Richtersveld National Park, South Africa, pp. 53-63 in Phytotaxa 89 (2) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.89.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/507196
The intergenerational transmission of need for closure underlies the transmission of authoritarianism and anti-immigrant prejudice
No full textPrevious research has identified need for closure (NFC) as an important motivational cognitive basis of authoritarianism and prejudice. However, to date, the role of NFC in the
intergenerational similarity in authoritarianism and prejudice has remained unclear. In a sample of 169 parent-child dyads, we investigated the similarity between parents and children
in NFC and tested whether this intergenerational similarity may account for the intergenerational similarity in authoritarianism and anti-immigrant prejudice. Our results revealed that parental levels of NFC were indeed concordant with the levels of NFC in their
children. Even more importantly, parental NFC was indirectly related to child authoritarianism and prejudice in two ways. The first pathway proceeded through the direct
relationships between parental and children’s levels of authoritarianism and prejudice. The
second pathway, however, bypassed parental levels of authoritarianism and prejudice and
proceeded through the intergenerational similarity in NFC. Our findings thus indicate that a
significant portion of children’s levels of authoritarianism and anti-immigrant prejudice can
be explained by parents–child similarity in motivated cognition. Implications for developmental theories of prejudice acquisition are discussed
Is sexism a gender issue? A motivated social cognition perspective on men’s and women’s sexist attitudes toward own and other gender
No full textThe present research investigated the antecedents of ambivalent sexism (i.e., hostile and benevolent forms) in both men and women toward own and other gender. In two heterogeneous adult samples (Study 1: N = 179 and Study 2: N = 222), it as revealed that gender itself was only a minor predictor of sexist attitudes compared to the substantial impact of individual differences in general motivated cognition (i.e., Need for closure). Analyses further showed that the relationship between Need for closure and sexism was mediated by social attitudes (i.e., right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation), which were differently related to benevolent and hostile forms of sexism. In the discussion it is argued that sexism primarily stems from individual differences in motivated cognitive style, which relates to peoples? perspective on the social world, rather than from group differences between men and women
Need for closure effects on affective and cognitive responses to culture fusion
No full text© 2016, © The Author(s) 2016. This research examined how affective and cognitive responses to culture fusion, a specific type of culture mixing that features the blending of different cultures or parts thereof into a new entity, are influenced by individual differences in Need for Closure (NFC). Two studies showed that individuals high (vs. low) in NFC felt less favorable toward culture fusion (i.e., the affective response), both at an abstract level (i.e., society structure models; Study 1, N = 191) and at a more concrete level (i.e., food stimuli; Study 2, N = 257). In addition, high NFC individuals tended to assign culturally fused stimuli to one discrete culture, rather than acknowledging them as culturally hybrid (i.e., the cognitive response). Furthermore, mediation analyses showed that the relationships between NFC and responses toward culture fusion were mediated by Right-Wing Authoritarianism. These findings are interpreted in terms of the threat to epistemic security needs posed by culture fusion.sponsorship: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by a research grant from the Ghent University Research Council (BOF.STA.2014.0008.01) awarded to Prof. Dr. Arne Roets. (Ghent University Research Council|BOF.STA.2014.0008.01)status: Publishe
Die welt ist unsre woiinung nicht! Nuanses van ’n paar vertalings
No full textIn die Totiusjaar het die woordc Die wêreld is ons woning nie ’n refrein geword, soos dit as kernsin in sy poësie ook op die gra- niettablet by Jo Roos se beeld van Totius, wat in Potchefstroom opgerig is, verewig is. Telkens wannecr daar oor Totius gepraat word, klink dit ook op; dit is byna asof ’n mens dit moet vasgryp en in die hart bêre om iets van die grootsheid van die eenvoud van die digter en mens Totius te kan vashou. Daarom is dit ’n ware vreugde om te ontdek dat Totius ook Duits ‘praat’ in die vertalings wat daar van enkele van sy gedigte bestaan. Daarin word die refrein ’n vreugdewoord: ,,Die Welt ist unsre Wohnung nicht!”. Helmut Erbe het reeds in 1959 ’n groep Afrikaanse ge digte in Duits vertaal en daarmee Afrikaans as taal van die poësie vir ’n groter leserskring toeganklik gemaak1)
Religion and Prejudice Across Cultures: A Test of the Threat-Constraint Model
No full textsponsorship: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article: This research was partially supported by a postdoctoral research grant from the Research Foundation -Flanders (FWO) awarded to Jasper Van Assche (FWO.3E0.2018.0049.01) under supervision of Arne Roets. (Research Foundation -Flanders (FWO)|FWO.3E0.2018.0049.01)status: Publishe
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